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Background:
The aim of this randomized wait-list controlled trial was to explore the effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on risk and protective factors for depressive relapse within the domains of cognition, emotion and self-relatedness.
Methods:
Sixty-eight individuals with recurrent depressive disorder were randomized to MBCT...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... overview of changes in each of the main variables from before to after the MBCT course when participants who completed the MBCT intervention were included (completer sample), is presented in Table 2. In the cognitive domain, there was a significant medium effect of MBCT on rumination, as measured by RRQ, after controlling for the effect of pre-levels of RRQ, F (1,53) = 6.379, p = 0.015, d = 0.59. ...Similar publications
Objectives
Self-compassion-promoting components are increasingly included in parenting interventions. The strength of the evidence for the effectiveness of these components on self-compassion and both parent and child outcomes is unknown.MethodsA systematic review of parenting intervention studies published between January 1st 2003 and February 8th...
Citations
... However, despite this representing the basis of the majority of treatment protocols for depression, many patients still continue to experience residual symptoms [75]. To support this, over the past few decades MBIs have started to receive attention as alternative interventions for depression and have similarly been illustrated as being highly effective in reducing depressive symptoms [49] and preventing relapse into depressive thoughts [67]. These interventions (specifically termed mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)) involves an 8-week group-based therapy approach that integrates both the effective elements of CBT alongside the addition of mindfulness meditation [67]. ...
... To support this, over the past few decades MBIs have started to receive attention as alternative interventions for depression and have similarly been illustrated as being highly effective in reducing depressive symptoms [49] and preventing relapse into depressive thoughts [67]. These interventions (specifically termed mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)) involves an 8-week group-based therapy approach that integrates both the effective elements of CBT alongside the addition of mindfulness meditation [67]. It is this meditative aspect (that will be discussed further in this section) that is significantly complemented with ketamine administration, with it enhancing several mediators, such as engagement, that are usually responsible for the lack of efficacy from sole cognitive and mindfulness interventions [10,21]. ...
Ketamine, often associated with its frequent illicit recreational use, is renowned as an approved alternative for treatment-resistant depression. This paper evaluates the mechanism of ketamine’s role in treating depression, emphasising its positive safety profile and acute onset of action. Ketamine’s mechanism of action involves antagonism of N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors, leading to increased glutamate production in brain regions associated with mood regulation. Moreover, ketamine counteracts the effects of chronic stress by promoting synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. However, the response to ketamine varies among individuals, prompting the need for further investigation into the factors influencing its efficacy, such as route of administration, dose and the rate at which it is delivered. Other variables such as past traumatic experiences and genetic predispositions may also play a significant role in determining an individual’s response to ketamine therapy, raising the importance of tailored treatment approaches. Furthermore, there is growing interest in investigating the synergy of ketamine alongside other therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs), as a means to enhance treatment outcomes in modern psychiatry.
... Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI)-such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) or mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy (MBCT) have received considerable attention in the last decades because of emerging evidence regarding their efficacy in the treatment of depression [7][8][9][10][11]. The effects of MBCT on reduction of depressive symptoms and relapse prophylaxis are comparable to those of other cognitive behavioural therapies [12][13][14][15] and showed favourable effects, if used as adjunct therapy to a treatment as usual (TAU) [16][17][18][19]. A currently ongoing randomized controlled trial aims to confirm the clinical effectiveness of MBCT in depressed non-responders [20]. ...
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) are effective in relapse prevention in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Internet-based interventions have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of MDD. Consequently, the integration of MBI through mobile applications emerges as a promising supplementary intervention for MDD, contributing to the augmentation of mental health services, particularly within ambulatory care contexts. The current randomized controlled study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive MBI delivered via a mobile app in mitigating symptom severity and stress levels. This assessment involves a comparison with standard treatment practices in an ambulatory setting among individuals diagnosed with MDD. A total of 83 patients diagnosed with MDD (depressive episode, recurrent depression or depressive phase of bipolar disorder) were randomly allocated to the intervention (41 patients) or control condition (42 patients). The intervention consisted of the daily use of the mindfulness mobile application “Headspace” for thirty days. The control condition was treatment as usual (TAU) only. The symptom severity has been assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) as well as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). Blood pressure and resting heart rate have been assessed as secondary outcome. Upon hospital discharge, the mean scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) signaled partial remission of MDD in both treatment arms. In both groups, a subsequent decrease in both self-reported and expert-rated scores was evident after a 30-day period. However, the decrease in depression severity as measured by HDRS was significantly higher in the MBI group compared to the control group after 30 days. For secondary outcomes, systolic blood pressure was lower in the intervention group compared to control group. The total drop-out rate was 29%. Short term mindfulness intervention via mobile application (30 days) can be beneficial as adjunctive therapy to treatment as usual in patients with MDD.
... Moreover, other approaches theoretically derived from CBT, such as behavioral activation therapy or mindfulness-based behavioral therapy, also exhibit evidence of their effectiveness in non-face-to-face settings [20]. The behavioral activation treatment for depression attempts to regulate depression symptoms through the programming of pleasurable activities [21], while mindfulness-based CBT focuses primarily on breathing techniques, relaxation, self-compassion, and mindfulness abilities [22], aimed at regulating anxiety states. ...
Background
The prevalence of depression and anxiety has increased in recent years, with many individuals having trouble accessing mental health support. Smartphones have become an integral part of modern life, with apps offering new ways to deliver evidence-based self-help strategies to cope with common mental health symptoms. However, most of them do not have empirical evidence of their overall effectiveness or the effectiveness of their components, which could pose a risk for users.
Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the modules of evaluation, psychoeducation, and emotional regulation strategies in a multiplatform self-help mental health mobile app in the Maule region of Chile.
Methods
A sample of 196 adults will be selected, who will be randomly assigned to different components of the app for a fixed period to assess its ability to reduce symptomatology.
Results
The trial is not yet recruiting and is expected to end in October 2024. The first results are expected in April 2024.
Conclusions
This is the first study in Chile to develop and test the effectiveness of a mobile app to manage anxiety and depression symptoms in adults. The intervention proposed is based on evidence suggesting that the internet or remote intervention tools and self-management of prevalent symptomatology could be the future of mental health care systems in the digital era. If the effects of the intervention are positive, wide implementation in Chile and other Spanish-speaking countries could be possible in the future.
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/52324
... Recurrent depressive disorder, broadly defined as an episode of major depression disorder (MDD) along with a history of at least one previous depressive episode, is a highly prevalent, chronic, and often disabling mental health disorder (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Depression has been associated with numerous adverse outcomes, including increased risk of medical and psychiatric conditions (7,8) and increased societal costs (9). ...
... The present study is part of a larger randomized wait-list controlled trial (Trial no ISRCTN18001392, registered 22/11/2018) (6) investigating the effects of MBCT on risk and protective factors of MBCT. Primary outcomes of this trial have been published with a detailed methods description (6), showing that MBCT effectively improved these patients' emotion regulation strategies, depressive symptoms, and self-compassion-and mindfulness skills, while temporarily reducing their tendencies toward rumination and emotional reactivity to stress. ...
... The present study is part of a larger randomized wait-list controlled trial (Trial no ISRCTN18001392, registered 22/11/2018) (6) investigating the effects of MBCT on risk and protective factors of MBCT. Primary outcomes of this trial have been published with a detailed methods description (6), showing that MBCT effectively improved these patients' emotion regulation strategies, depressive symptoms, and self-compassion-and mindfulness skills, while temporarily reducing their tendencies toward rumination and emotional reactivity to stress. The current study uses secondary analyses of data from baseline-and post-intervention assessments of insomnia, conducted before and after the eight-week MBCT intervention. ...
Background
Embedded within a randomized efficacy trial, the present study aimed to investigate whether mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for recurrent depression improved symptoms of insomnia.
Methods
Sixty-eight remitted participants with at least three prior episodes of depression were randomized to 8 weeks of MBCT (n = 33) or a waitlist control condition (n = 35). The Bergen Insomnia Scale was used to screen for insomnia symptoms before and after the intervention. The analyses were conducted using one-way between-groups analyses of covariance.
Results
Twenty-five MBCT participants and 30 waitlist controls completed the study (74.5% females; mean age 40.7 ± 12.9 years). At baseline, 83.6% screened positive for the insomnia diagnosis. Following the intervention and after controlling for corresponding insomnia parameters at baseline, MBCT completers reported significantly less severe insomnia symptoms (p = 0.017), as well as less problems with prolonged sleep onset (p = 0.047) and nocturnal awakenings (p = 0.023), relative to controls. No group differences were found on early morning awakening, daytime impairment, or dissatisfaction with sleep.
Conclusion
The results suggest that MBCT improves certain insomnia symptoms. However, additional sleep-specific interventions may be needed to further improve this population’s sleep.
Clinical Trial Registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN18001392, registered 22/11/2018. URL: 10.1186/ISRCTN18001392.
... Additionally, in two studies, MBCT exhibited effectiveness comparable to maintenance antidepressant medication. Since this meta-analysis, it has been shown that significant effects of MCBT on depression symptoms in recurrent disorders are present both in comparison to active (Moore et al. 2022;Barendregt et al. 2012) and passive control groups (Britton et al. 2012;Schanche et al. 2020). An individual patient data metaanalysis Kuyken et al. (2016) investigated the effectiveness of MBCT in preventing depressive relapse including data from nine RCTs. ...
Depressive disorders are an enormous societal burden given their high prevalence and impact on all facets of being human (e.g., relationships, emotions, motivation). There is a variety of evidence-based psychological treatments, with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) being the gold standard for major depression. Research has shown that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) are an effective relapse prevention and treatment for depression and that MBIs can be integrated in individual therapy. Furthermore, various delivery modes (e.g., digital-delivered therapy) and settings are offered to best meet different needs and improve accessibility: Evidence suggests that therapist-guided digital CBT, blended therapy, and, to some degree, digitalized MBIs may be an efficacious supplement to traditional face-to-face therapy. This chapter provides an overview of the principles and evidence base for CBT and MBCT as well as different delivery modes for depressive disorders in adults. Finally, chances and challenges of integration are discussed as implications for practice, as well as recommendations and ideas for future research.
... The 19 studies [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] included were all focused on MBIs, and the specific intervention programs were diversified in terms of group intervention. Females made up more than 50% of all the studies. ...
... Three studies reported on placebo control, including relaxation [31], pill placebo [34], and psychology education [37]. Eleven studies used blank controls (BCs), including waiting lists [30,33,36,40,47,48] and treat-as-usual methods [32,38,[42][43][44]. Five articles reported followup data with a follow-up period of 1-6 months. ...
... Risk of bias of individual studies[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. ...
Objective:
To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on rumination among patients with depression and their efficacy across countries and year of publication and control conditions.
Methods:
Web of Science Core Collection, Medline, BIOSIS Citation Index, KCI-Korean Journal Database, SciELO Citation Index, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched to include randomized controlled trials of MBIs for depressive rumination that met the criteria. The Rumination Scale was used as the primary outcome indicator; Depression, mindfulness, and anxiety indexes were selected as the secondary outcome indicators. An evaluation of bias risk was conducted to identify possible sources of bias based on methodological and clinical factors. RevMan5.3 software was used to perform a meta-analysis of the extracted data.
Results:
Nineteen studies with 1138 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that MBIs could significantly reduce rumination levels in patients with depression (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.58, -0.34; p < 0.001), notably improve depression (SMD = -0.58; 95% CI: -0.83, -0.32; p < 0.001), enhance mindfulness ability (SMD = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.57, 1.32; p < 0.001), and reduce the anxiety of patients with depression (SMD = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.62, -0.27; p < 0.001). MBIs conducted in Asia improved rumination better than studies in Europe and North America (SMD = -2.05 95% CI: -4.08, -0.01; p < 0.001) but had no greater effect than behavior activation on depression. The interventions carried out in the past 5 years were significantly better than earlier studies in improving mindfulness levels (SMD = 2.74; 95% CI: 0.81, 4.66; p = 0.005).
Conclusions:
MBIs are effective in the treatment of depression as they produce pleasant improvement in rumination and depression, decrease the degree of anxiety, and enhance mindfulness levels compared to controls. In newer forms of MBIs, regional differences need to be considered when designing the intervention program. More large, high-quality randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the conclusion that the effectiveness of MBIs has differences in terms of the trial area and year of publication.
... Both mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and MBSR aim to enable patients to relate their own thoughts and bodily sensations to the awareness of their surroundings to break the cycle that ineffective strategies may cause in dealing with rumination (Schanche et al., 2020;Shapiro et al., 2011). Both therapeutic approaches have shown effectiveness in dealing with psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, substance abuse, chronic pain, and several other conditions (Baer, 2003). ...
... Several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing rumination (Chambers et al., 2008;Hofmann et al., 2010;Schanche et al., 2020). Recent literature describes rumination as a style of negative thinking that causes an individual to think about the consequences and implications of negative events (Schanche et al., 2020). ...
... Several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing rumination (Chambers et al., 2008;Hofmann et al., 2010;Schanche et al., 2020). Recent literature describes rumination as a style of negative thinking that causes an individual to think about the consequences and implications of negative events (Schanche et al., 2020). It also includes persistently dwelling on problems and inadequacies and repetitively thinking of what has gone wrong in the hopes that it will be of help (Schanche et al., 2020). ...
... Our findings are in concordance with a randomized wait-list controlled trial that revealed significant increase in facets of observing, nonreactivity, and nonjudgment enhancing mindfulness ability with MBCT. [21] The lack of improvement in other domains of FFMQ should be considered preliminary and could have been affected by the small sample size of the study. Hence, these findings should be replicated in studies involving larger number of patients. ...
Background
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is reported to improve depression. However, little information is available about the effectiveness of MBCT interventions online. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjunctive telemode MBCT on the symptom severity and quality of life in patients with depression.
Methods
15 adult patients aged 18–55 years diagnosed with depression received 8-week adjunctive MBCT intervention to the ongoing treatment as usual for all (TAU) delivered through online mode. 12 participants completed the therapy and were reassessed. Patients were assessed at the baseline on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and World Health Organization-Quality of life BREF scale.
Results
There was statistically significant reduction in the severity of depressive symptoms ( P < 0.003) as assessed on the BDI. It led to remission in two-thirds of the patients partially responding to antidepressants. On the World Health Organization Quality of Life, there was statistically significant improvement on the domains of physical ( P < 0.002), psychological ( P < 0.002), social ( P < 0.002), and environment ( P < 0.005) domains. There was a significant improvement in the total Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire score.
Conclusions
Adjunctive online MBCT appears to be a feasible adjunct to TAU in reducing severity of depression, improving mindfulness, and improving quality of life in patients with depression.
... In the late 1970s, Kabat-Zinn introduced Mindfulnessbased Stress Reduction (MBSR) into psychotherapy to help patients cope with stress, relieve pain, improve mood, and improve life comfort [3]. Some studies provided support for MBSR as a way to relieve psychological distress in the general population [4], such as negative emotions [5], anxiety [6] and recurrent depression [7,8]. However, MBSR is usually carried out face to face, limiting its reach. ...
Abstract Background Many people suffered from emotional distress especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to alleviate emotional distress, more accessible psychological intervention programs, such as online intervention programs, are needed. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and the potential mechanism of a 4-week, online, self-help mindfulness-based intervention to manage emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic between February 3 and May 20, 2020. Methods A total of 302 individuals with high emotional distress completed a self-help mindfulness course, which lasted 30–60 min per day for 28 consecutive days. Participants who registered in the program later were included in the analyses as the control group (n = 315). Levels of mindfulness, perceived stress, emotional distress, anxiety and depression were assessed at baseline(T1), week 1(T2), week 2(T3), week 3(T4) and week 4(T5). Results Significant Group by Time interaction effects were found on mindfulness, perceived stress, emotional distress, anxiety and depression (p
... The current study used baseline data collected as part of a larger randomized controlled trial of change mechanisms in MBCT for adults with recurrent MDD (see also Schanche et al. (2020Schanche et al. ( , 2021; and the entry of the study in the ISRCT registry: Trial no. ISRCTN18001392). ...
... Sixty-eight adults with recurrent MDD were eligible for participation in the current study. Four of these adults withdrew prior to the collection of baseline measures of mental health symptoms and cognitive and psychophysiological functioning (see Schanche et al. (2020)). The final sample with baseline data was N = 63. ...
... Inclusion criteria were an age of 18 years or older, at least three previous episodes of major depression, and remission from such an episode at the point of inclusion (partial or full). Exclusion criterium was comorbidity with a severe mental disorder (such as a history of schizophrenia, psychosis, or bipolar disorder, or another mental disorder in need of treatment, e.g., borderline personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, severe obsessive-compulsive disorder, severe eating disorder, or current substance use disorder; see Schanche et al. (2020) for full description of inclusion criteria). ...
Background: Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling mental disorders in modern society. Prior research has shown that self-compassion protects against ruminative tendencies, a key feature of recurrent MDD. In addition, self-compassion has been found to be positively related to higher psychophysiological flexibility (indexed by a higher vagally mediated heart rate variability; vmHRV) in young, healthy adults. To our knowledge, there is a lack of studies on how self-compassion relates to vmHRV in patients with recurrent MDD. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether higher self-compassion would associate with 1) lower ruminative tendencies and 2) higher vmHRV in a sample of adults with recurrent MDD.
Methods: We included a sample of patients (46 females) between 20 and 71 years old (M = 40.24, SD = 12.8) with a history of three or more depressive episodes. They filled out the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Rumination Rating Scale (RRS). ECG (used to derive vmHRV) was acquired while resting and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR interval values (RMSSD) was calculated as measure of vmHRV.
Results: As hypothesized, self-compassion was associated with lower ruminative tendencies. However, self-compassion was not associated with level of vmHRV. Several confounding variables were controlled for in the statistical analyses, and higher age predicted lower vmHRV across all statistical analyses.
Conclusion: The results confirmed our hypothesis that higher self-compassion would be associated with lower ruminative tendencies in recurrent MDD. Contrary to our expectation, we did not find that the tendency to be more self-compassionate was associated with higher vmHRV. As such, higher self-compassion seems to relate with a lower tendency to ruminate about past mistakes and events, but does not seem to relate to a flexible autonomic stress response (as indexed by higher vmHRV). Other potential explanatory factors for lower vmHRV in recurrent MDD is suggested as focus for exploration in future studies.
