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Cissus rotundifolia is used as a fertility regulator in Kenya. However safety and efficacy of the plant extracts has not been validated. The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical composition and the safety of Cissus rotundifolia leaf extracts by acute and sub-acute oral toxicity studies. Phytochemical screening was carried out...
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... right kidney relative mean weight in animals that received 100 mg/kg body weight organic extract; had a significant difference compared to the control (Table 4). The biochemical parameters results are presented in Table 5. Both aqeous and and organic extracts sub acute oral administration did not cause any significant changes of the biochemical parameters such as creatinine, urea, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared to the control groups. ...Context 2
... parameter analysis is important in the evaluation of risks associated with test compounds under investigation as the changes in the hematological system has a greater indicative value for human toxicity ( Olson et al., 2000). Both extracts caused a non significant dose-related haematological changes when compared to the control group (Table 5). Liver and kidney function tests are important as they are the main organs of drug metabolism and excretion respectively. ...Citations
... The present study reports the novel fabrication of CuFe 2 O 4 NPs from the extract of Cissus rotundifolia which is a perennial, evergreen, climbing, and wild plant of the family Vitaceae. It has antiparasitic and antidiabetic potential [35]. The plant extract is a rich source of phytochemicals [36]. ...
This paper reports a novel green fabrication of copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) from Cissus rotundifolia plant extract. The Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrum exhibited intrinsic stretching at the tetrahedral position of Fe–O at 591 cm-1 and the octahedral stretching of Cu–O at 402 cm-1 respectively. The fine diffraction pattern in the X-ray diffraction spectrum showed the formation of well-crystalline NPs. The mean crystallite size was calculated to be 17.33 nm. The High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) images of the NPs showed their roughly spherical shape and irregular morphology. The Zeta potential was calculated to be -29.7±0.3 mV, indicating a negative charge over the CuFe2O4 NPs. The formation of spinel ferrite was confirmed from the characterization data. The photocatalytic activity of CuFe2O4 NPs was examined against the methylene blue (MB) dye, showing 82% degradation of dye under UV-visible light. The reusability experiment showed that the catalytic activity was not much decreased till the 4th cycle. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized CuFe2O4 NPs was tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilus pumilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella abony through the Agar well diffusion method. A zone of inhibition of 12±0.2, 11±0.4 against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilis and 14±0.4, 18±0.3, 12±0.2 was obtained and E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. abony respectively at 75 mg/mL which showed appreciable antibacterial activity.
... Health parameters were observed and recorded chronologically for 2 weeks as indicated by the OECD/2001/423. Besides, behavioural responses, general appearance haematological, and biochemical effects of the plant extracts were evaluated by using standard methods [21,22]. ...
Over 80% of cultural societies in low-income countries use plant preparations in traditional medicine with unknown potency and safety profiles. Uvariodendron anisatum root extracts are used by some Kenyan herbalists. However, the claims of the plant to remove retained placenta during birth have remained uninvestigated. Therefore, the current study evaluated its uterotonic activities. Acute toxicity in Wistar rats and the phytochemical composition of the plant were also studied. The plant was collected from Embu County in Kenya. The water and ethanol extracts were prepared by maceration. Uterine strips were isolated from primed mature female Wistar rats and used to study the uterotonic activities of the extracts. De Jalon’s solution and oxytocin were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Acute oral toxicity studies were done following the OECD 423 guideline and phytochemical screening were based on standard phytochemical procedures. The study met all the approval requirements before commencement. Data obtained from the uterotonic activity were analysed by using GraphPad Prism Version 8.0.1 software and expressed as a percentage increase or decrease of mean as mean ± SEM relative to the controls. The findings of acute oral toxicity were expressed using LD50. Additionally, the phytochemical components of the U. anisatum were tabulated. The uterotonic effect of Uvariodendron anisatum root water extract was higher than that of ethanol extract. A single dose of the Uvariodendron anisatum root water extract at 2000 mg/kg did not cause mortality in the tested Wistar rats. Besides, there were no changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The extracts did not reveal changes in the gross morphology of the liver, kidney, heart, and lung of the tested Wistar rats. However, the histopathological studies of Uvariodendron anisatum root water extracts exhibited toxicity in the liver, kidney, and lung tissues of Wistar rats at a concentration of 2000 mg/kg. Alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phytosterols, terpenes, proteins, phenols, and oils were recorded in Uvariodendron anisatum. The findings from this study provided scientific evidence which is useful in validating the use of Uvariodendron anisatum extracts in the stimulation of the uterus during birth.
... The quadratic relationships observed in some plant extracts indicated that a maximum mortality rate was achieved at a specific extract concentration, indicating that using a higher concentration is a waste of plant material and could lead to toxicity in treated animals. The linear relationship between larvae mortality and the boiled extract of the fresh form of C. rotundifolia could be influenced by the presence of alkaloids and tannins, which concurs with Wanjohi et al. (2020). Such a relationship indicates that to achieve a high mortality rate of larvae, plant extract concentration should be increased linearly, which could lead to toxicity in animals. ...
Farmers use plant extracts as a potential source of anthelmintic compounds against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. The objective of the study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous (cold and boiled) and methanolic extracts of Cissus quadrangularis Linn., Aloe marlothii A. Berger, Albizia anthelmintica Brongn., Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl., Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, and Vachellia xanthophloea (Benth.) P.J.H. Hurter plants against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Plants were used in two forms: dry and fresh. Decoction (boiled water), infusion (cold water), and methanolic extracts at concentrations of 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40% v/v were tested in vitro on mortality of L3 nematodes. Linear relationships were observed between larvae mortality and extract concentration of the boiled fresh form of C. rotundifolia (P < 0.01), fresh form of cold-water of A. marlothii (P < 0.05), fresh form of cold-water and methanolic C. quadrangularis (P < 0.01), dry form of cold-water and methanolic S. birrea (P < 0.0001), and dry form of cold-water and fresh form of methanolic V. xanthophloea (P < 0.05). Quadratic relationships were observed between larvae mortality and extract concentration of the fresh form of methanolic C. rotundifolia (P < 0.05), fresh form of methanolic A. anthelmintica (P < 0.01), the fresh form of methanol and the dry form of boiled A. marlothii (P < 0.001), fresh form of methanolic (P < 0.05) and dry form of boiled S. birrea (P < 0.01), fresh form of cold and boiled water of V. xanthophloea (P < 0.0001), and dry form of boiled water and methanolic V. xanthophloea (P < 0.05). The crude plant extracts of C. quadrangularis, A. marlothii, A. anthelmintica, C. rotundifolia, S. birrea, and V. xanthophloea could be considered as an integrated approach to achieve sustainable nematode control in goats.
... This finding agreed with Ataa et al. (2015). Whereas, Wanjohi et al. (2020) concluded that leaves extracts are safe when administered orally for a long duration at doses lower than 400 mg/kg body weight. The leaves extract increases urine excretion (Salman et al., 2016), consequently, decreasing the calcium and oxalates ions. ...
The present work was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the methanolic leaves extract of Cissus rotundifolia, as an anti-urolithic and antihypertensive agent in albino rats by measuring the biochemical parameters, enzyme immunoassay, and free radical scavenging activity using DPPH assay. Twenty four male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6) as G1 (negative control) received a normal diet, G2 (positive control) received EG (0.75%) and 1% aluminum chloride; G3 was given 200 mg/kg of CR extract daily via a gastric tube for 28 days, G4 was orally given 400 mg/kg of CR extract for 28 days. All the tested samples showed a significant antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w. A notifiable decrease in serum urea and creatinine levels were also, observed. The present study emphasizes the safe herbal remedies of C. rotundifolia as anti-hypertensive and antioxidants as well as anti-urolithiatic.
... This finding agreed with Ataa et al. (2015). Whereas, Wanjohi et al. (2020) concluded that leaves extracts are safe when administered orally for a long duration at doses lower than 400 mg/kg body weight. The leaves extract increases urine excretion (Salman et al., 2016), consequently, decreasing the calcium and oxalates ions. ...
The present work was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the methanolic leaves extract of Cissus rotundifolia, as an anti-urolithic and antihypertensive agent in albino rats by measuring the biochemical parameters, enzyme immunoassay, and free radical scavenging activity using DPPH assay. Twenty four male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6) as G1 (negative control) received a normal diet, G2 (positive control) received EG (0.75%) and 1% aluminum chloride; G3 was given 200 mg/kg of CR extract daily via a gastric tube for 28 days, G4 was orally given 400 mg/kg of CR extract for 28 days. All the tested samples showed a significant antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, b.w. A notifiable decrease in serum urea and creatinine levels were also, observed. The present study emphasizes the safe herbal remedies of C. rotundifolia as anti-hypertensive and antioxidants as well as anti-urolithiatic.
