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Effect of B. coagulans spores, PSCF and synbiotic in DSS-induced colitis model. (A) Disease Activity Index (DAI), (B) % body weight change. Statistical significance among groups evaluated by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 vs. DSS-control group and data expressed as mean ± SEM (n =10 per group). Colon weight/body weight ratio (C), Spleen weight (D), Colon length (E) and Macroscopic appearance of colon (F). Data expressed as mean ± SEM (n =10 per group), evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s Test. ns-non-significant, HC-Healthy control, PSCF-Prebiotic sugar cane fibre.
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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing global incidence. Synbiotic, which is a two-point approach carrying probiotic and prebiotic components in mitigating inflammation in IBD, is thought to be a pragmatic approach owing to the synergistic outcomes. In this study, the impacts of dietary supplementatio...
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Citations
... This fermentation process produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that serve as an energy source for the cells lining the colon. It can counteract the effects of anti-nutritional factors found in certain foods, such as phytates and oxalates (Shinde et al. 2019;Shinde et al. 2020). These compounds can delay the absorption of minerals like calcium and iron. ...
Fermented foods have played a pivotal role in human nutrition and culture for thousands of years. The human gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health, and recent research has highlighted the potential benefits of fermented foods in modulating gut health. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the world of fermented foods, exploring their historical significance, diverse types, nutritional benefits, and the intricate microbial processes that drive fermentation along with the impact of fermented foods on the gut microbiome, the mechanisms behind their effects, and the implications for human health. Additionally, we discuss the contemporary resurgence of interest in fermented foods due to their potential health advantages and culinary appeal, and the potential therapeutic applications of fermented foods in promoting digestive health, immune function, and disease prevention.
... A significant increase in IL-1β occurred in animals with colitis, and the consumption of FF and RS diets was not able to reduce these levels ( Figure 7c). Although the present study did not find an association between FF and RS intake and the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, some studies that used different types o fibers (prebiotic, insoluble fibers, and resistant starch from 8 to 42 days) showed a reduction in IL-1β both in animals and humans [65][66][67]. This disagreement may be explained by the type of fiber used, different doses, the treatment time, and the coliti induction method. ...
... A significant increase in IL-1β occurred in animals with colitis, and the consumption of FF and RS diets was not able to reduce these levels ( Figure 7c). Although the present study did not find an association between FF and RS intake and the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, some studies that used different types of fibers (prebiotic, insoluble fibers, and resistant starch from 8 to 42 days) showed a reduction in IL-1β both in animals and humans [65][66][67]. This disagreement may be explained by the type of fiber used, different doses, the treatment time, and the colitis induction method. ...
Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. is considered a natural anti-inflammatory. In traditional medicine, it is used to reduce cholesterol levels in the treatment of obesity. Foods capable of conferring a protective and nutritious effect have been used to prevent or attenuate the clinical symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases. Ulcerative colitis is a multifactorial inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated the impact of the consumption of the fibrous fraction (FF) and resistant starch (RS) of fruta-do-lobo in an experimental model of colitis induced with the use 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) in rats. The different colitis groups all experienced decreased weight gain, which could be linked to the inflammatory process (p = 0.603). Additionally, the experimental model led to increased oxidative stress, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the elevated gene expression of these cytokines. Despite this, consuming the fibrous fraction of fruta-do-lobo (RS and FF) did not appear to protect the animals against the inflammatory process. Regarding the expression of TNF-α, only the group treated with the drug mesalamine had a reduced serum level of this inflammatory marker (p = 0.03). Our results showed that the diet containing RS and FF did not protect the intestinal mucosa against TNBS inflammation. New studies on the variation in the time of consumption or the supplemented dose of fruta-do-lobo fibers could help to elucidate their effects in protecting the mucosa.
... In another study, Shinde T et al. demonstrated that administration of synbiotics having Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores as probiotic and whole plant sugar cane fiber as prebiotic are more efficacious in reduction of colonic inflammation than probiotic and prebiotic alone. This study proposed that more efficacy of synbiotics can be related to synergistic direct immune-regulating efficacy of the added ingredients, their capability to protect integrity of epithelial, stimulation of probiotic by the prebiotic, and stimulation of higher levels of fermentation of fibers releasing shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs) responsible to reduce the colonic inflammation [37]. ...
... To assess the severity of tissue damage, the slides were graded by assessors blinded to the experimental treatments, as described previously. 42 These procedures were performed by Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China). ...
Bacteroides is a common intestinal bacterium closely associated with the host colitis. However, relevant studies were focused on the genus level, which could not identify the major Bacteroides species associated with intestinal disease. Thus, we have evaluated Bacteroides species structure in healthy people and mice intestinal tracts and explored the change in major Bacteroides species during colitis development. The results demonstrated that B. uniformis with a high abundance in the intestinal tract of healthy people and mice, which may be a core species that contributes to colitis remission. The results of animal experiments reported that B. uniformis FNMHLBE1K1 (1K1) could alleviate the severity of colitis and enhance the expression of tight junction protein occludin by regulating gut microbiota. Notably, the protective roles of 1K1 may be attributed to some specific genes. This study revealed that B. uniformis is a key microbe influencing the occurrence and development of colitis and provided a scientific basis for screening the next generation of probiotics.
... In an in vivo study involving mice with induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the combination of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 with sugarcane cane fiber exhibited a higher anti-inflammatory effect, reduced disease severity, and demonstrated superior modulation of metabolite and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles compared to probiotic or prebiotic treatment alone 20 . ...
A synbiotic is a combination of live microorganisms and specific substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms, resulting in health benefits for the host. Previous studies have demonstrated the protective effects of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 against Salmonella infection in chicken and mouse models. The probiotic activity of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 in these hosts was influenced by nutritional supplements. Water-based plants contain significant amounts of carbohydrates, particularly dietary fiber and proteins, making them potential prebiotic substrates. In this study, four water-based plants (Ulva rigida, Caulerpa lentillifera, Wolffia globosa, and Gracillaria fisheri) were screened for their ability to support the growth of L. reuteri KUB-AC5. Under monoculture testing, U. rigida exhibited the highest capacity to support the growth of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 and the production of organic acids, including acetic acid, lactic acid, and propionic acid (p ≤ 0.05). In co-culture experiments, the synbiotic combination of U. rigida and L. reuteri KUB-AC5 demonstrated the potential to eliminate Salmonella Typhimurium DMST 48437 when inoculated at 10⁴ CFU/mL within 9 h. The synbiotic activities of U. rigida and L. reuteri KUB-AC5 were further investigated using an in vitro human gut model. Compared to the probiotic treatment, the synbiotic combination of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 and U. rigida showed significantly higher levels of L. reuteri KUB-AC5 (5.1 log copies/mL) and a reduction of S. Typhimurium by 0.8 log (CFU/ml) after 24 h (p ≤ 0.05). Synbiotic treatment also significantly promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyric acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid, compared to prebiotic and probiotic treatments alone (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the synbiotic formulation modulated the in vitro simulated gut microbiome, enhancing putatively beneficial gut microbes, including lactobacilli, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia. Our findings demonstrated that L. reuteri KUB-AC5, in combination with U. rigida, exhibited synergistic activity, as indicated by increased viability, higher anti-pathogenicity toward Salmonella, and the ability to modulate the gut microbiome.
... By boosting antibody production, synbiotics can help fight infections, reduce the risk of allergies, and strengthen the immune response to pathogens [44]. In addition, synbiotics can stimulate macrophages and other phagocytic cells that aid in capturing and destroying bacteria and viruses [45], [46]. ...
... Some studies indicate that synbiotics can contribute positively to managing conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and even oncological conditions. Potential mechanisms include the modulatory effects provided on immune components that play a crucial role in controlling these chronic conditions [45], [60], [61]. ...
BACKGROUND: Indonesia’s vision for 2045 encapsulates a grand aspiration for global competitiveness and resilience, with an emphasis on cultivating robust and skilled human capital. This study delves into the pivotal role of health-centric food and beverages as a fundamental component aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. The objective is to confront non-communicable diseases and preempt the anticipated surge in malnutrition-related fatalities projected for Indonesia’s population of 340 million by 2045. The findings illuminate the potential of synbiotics, specifically highlighting the synergistic relationship between Bengkoang inulin and Lactobacillus. METHODS: Conducted through a narrative literature review method, this research meticulously synthesized articles drawn from national and international journals published within the past decade. The rigorous selection criteria honed in on themes surrounding synbiotics, Pachyrhizus erosus, immunomodulators, inulin, and Lactobacillus. The chosen articles underwent comprehensive analysis and synthesis. RESULTS: Synbiotics exhibited promising enzymatic activities, growth enhancements, and significant immune modulation. These outcomes signal substantive implications for disease prevention and overall health enhancement. The discussion emphasizes the potential application of synbiotics as a promising therapeutic intervention for malnutrition. It is underscored by its multifaceted impact on gut health, nutrient absorption, immune modulation, and its potential therapeutic applications across diverse health domains – the pivotal role of synbiotics in averting health disparities and augmenting overall well-being. The discussion delves into the immunomodulatory potential of synbiotics, elucidating their ability to fine-tune immune responses, mitigate inflammation, and potentially enhance vaccine efficacy. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive analysis underscores the far-reaching implications of synbiotic therapy, positioning it as a promising avenue for therapeutic innovation and holistic health interventions.
... The hydrated tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) according to the instructions of the HE staining kit and observed under a light microscope. The pathological section description of tissues was referred to the previous report [22]. ...
Naringin is one of the common flavonoids in grapefruit, which has anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its poor solubility limits its wide application. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of naringin combined with chitooligosaccharides with good biocompatibility by constructing a mouse model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The results showed that the naringin–chitooligosaccharide (NG-COS) complex significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced weight loss, reduced food intake, tissue inflammatory infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-1β levels. The complex also significantly affected the content of malondialdehyde and the activities of MPO, SOD, and GSH in the liver, spleen, lungs, and serum of mice with systemic inflammation. In addition, NG-COS significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Principal component analysis showed that the complexes could inhibit LPS-induced systemic inflammation in mice, and the effect was significantly better than that of naringin and chitooligosaccharides alone. This study explored the synergistic effects of chitosan and naringin in reducing inflammation and could contribute to the development of novel biomedical interventions.
... Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are key molecules in the interplay between microbial and host metabolism. Supplements containing Bacillus sphaericus protect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, modulate the microbiota, and increase SCFAs distribution, reducing colonic inflammation [45][46][47]. In our study, Bacilli were severely absent in the DSS control, but treatment with GDNPs significantly restored their abundance (Additional file 6: Figure S5). ...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely linked to the homeostasis of the intestinal environment, and exosomes can be used to treat IBD due to their high biocompatibility and ability to be effectively absorbed by the intestinal tract. However, Ginseng-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs) have not been studied in this context and their mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we investigated GDNPs ability to mediate intercellular communication in a complex inflammatory microenvironment in order to treat IBD. We found that GDNPs scavenge reactive oxygen species from immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, promote the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, as well as enhancing the diversity of the intestinal flora. GDNPs significantly stabilise the intestinal barrier thereby promoting tissue repair. Overall, we proved that GDNPs can ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro, acting on the TLR4/MAPK and p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathways, and exerting an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. GDNPs mitigated IBD in mice by reducing inflammatory factors and improving the intestinal environment. This study offers new evidence of the potential therapeutic effects of GDNPs in the context of IBD, providing the conceptual ground for an alternative therapeutic strategy.
Graphical Abstract
... Moreover, W. coagulans MTCC 5856 is reported to have immunomodulatory properties in human colonic cells, which make the spores efficacious in the management of infectious diarrhea (50). In vivo studies also reported that W. coagulans MTCC 5856 increased the expression of tight junction proteins and reduced the damage caused by inflammation in gut tissues (51). W. coagulans MTCC 5856 also elicited antidiarrheal activity and inhibited the gastrointestinal motility in fasted rats (24). ...
Objectives
Acute diarrhea in children is generally managed by replacing the lost fluid with oral rehydration solution (ORS). Probiotic supplementation has been reported to reduce the severity of diarrhea. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Weizmannia coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) MTCC 5856, along with ORS on acute diarrhea of all causes in non-hospitalized children.
Methods
A total of 110 children of ages between 1 and 10 were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled study and were randomly allocated to receive W. coagulans MTCC 5856 (4 × 10⁸ spores, N = 54) + ORS and zinc (Zn) or a placebo (N = 56) + ORS and (Zn) for 5 days. The consistency of the stool, mean duration of diarrhea in hours, mean diarrhea frequency per day, and the dehydration status were collected as efficacy endpoints. Safety was evaluated by the occurrence of adverse events.
Results
The mean age of the children was 5.55 ± 2.57 years (61 boys and 49 girls). The mean duration of diarrhea was 51.31 ± 20.99 h in the W. coagulans MTCC 5856 group and 62.74 ± 24.51 h in the placebo (p = 0.011) group. The frequency of diarrhea was lower in children supplemented with the probiotic, but the difference was not statistically significant. The perceived efficacy score and dehydration status improved significantly in the W. coagulans MTCC 5856 group compared with the placebo group. No adverse events were recorded.
Conclusion
The results of the study suggest that W. coagulans MTCC 5856 could be supplemented along with ORS and zinc to reduce the duration of diarrhea in non-hospitalized children.
Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier CTRI/2022/06/043239.
... A study by Shinde et al. [51] reported the effects of dietary supplementation with probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 spores and prebiotic whole sugarcane fiber (PSCF) on DSS-induced colitis in mice, with supplementation reducing the DAI score and the colon histological score. Furthermore, B. coagulans and PSCF modulated serum IL-1b and CRP levels [51]. ...
... A study by Shinde et al. [51] reported the effects of dietary supplementation with probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 spores and prebiotic whole sugarcane fiber (PSCF) on DSS-induced colitis in mice, with supplementation reducing the DAI score and the colon histological score. Furthermore, B. coagulans and PSCF modulated serum IL-1b and CRP levels [51]. Camellia oil (CO), which is rich in bioactive phytochemicals, regulated intestinal microbiota composition and improved AA-induced colitis in rats. ...
This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Specifically, the objective is to examine the impact of these substances on interleukins and other key inflammatory signaling markers. Relevant articles published up to December 2022 were identified through a search of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The search used keywords including “inflammatory bowel disease”, “medicinal plants”, “natural molecules”, “anti-inflammatory”, and “ulcerative colitis”, and identified 1,878 potentially relevant articles, of which 89 were included in this review after completion of the selection process. This study provides preclinical data on natural products (NPs) that can potentially treat IBD, including ulcerative colitis. The main actions of these NPs relate to their effects on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, the regulation of T helper 17/regulatory T cells balance, and oxidative stress. The ability of these NPs to inhibit intestinal inflammation appears to be dependent on lowering levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-17, via the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1, NF-κβ-p65, and STAT3 pathways. In addition, NPs were shown to reduce oxidative stress and the severity of ulcerative colitis, as well as increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. These actions suggest that NPs represent a promising treatment for IBD, and potentially have greater efficacy and safety than current treatments.
