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Effect of Avène spring water on histamine release induced by antigen. Sensitized mast cells, preincubated (30 min, 37 ° C) with Avène water for indicated dilutions or control buffer were stimulated with DNP-BSA (40 ng/ml, 5 min). Results are expressed in percentages of histamine release in comparison to the total cell histamine content and are means of duplicate determinations. They represent the mean B SEM of 4 experiments. * p ! 0.05.
Source publication
The biological activity of Avène water from two different springs ('Sainte Odile' and 'Val d'Orb') was studied in vitro on rat peritoneal mast cell activation. A dilution-dependent inhibition of both histamine and prostaglandin D2 antigen-induced release was observed when cells were preincubated with both Avène spring waters. They also inhibited hi...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... of mast cells with Avène water before peptidergic or antigenic stimulation in- duced a statistically significant and dilution- dependent inhibition of ß-hex and histamine release with respect to distilled water without significant difference between Sainte Odile and Val d'Orb spring water ( fig. 1, 2). Inhibi- tions were 35 B 4% and 40 B 4% with undi- luted Sainte Odile and Val d'Orb spring wa- ter, respectively. ß-hex, contained in mast cell secretory granules, was released in a quantita- tive relation to histamine after the stimula- tion with antigen or substance P. Interesting- ly, the observed inhibition of enzyme release was related to the reduction of histamine lib- eration (33 B 4% and 38 B 1% for Sainte Odile and Val d'Orb, ...
Citations
... Several in vitro studies were performed during the last twenty years, mainly in AD. Joly et al. [7] studied two different thermal spring waters ("Sainte Odile" and "Val d'Orb") from Avène on rat peritoneal mast cell activation. In this study, cells were preincubated with both Avène spring waters. ...
Background: Thermal waters have been showing different beneficial effects on the skin due to their physicochemical composition. The beneficial effect of thermal water in the treatment of some skin diseases may thus justify its use as an active ingredient in cosmetic formulations. The main objective of this work was to demonstrate the potential of incorporating thermal water as an active ingredient in cosmetic formulations. (2) Methods: A descriptive literature review was carried out by the analysis of scientific articles in PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Twelve thermal spring waters were found (Avène, Blue Lagoon, Comano, Cró, Dead Sea, La Roche-Posay, Monfortinho, Saint-Gervais, Salies-de-Béarn, São Pedro do Sul, Uriage and Vichy) with potential as an active in cosmetic products, demonstrated through in vitro studies evaluating the different activities/properties and clinical trials in healthy volunteers or with skin pathologies. (3) Results: For these studies, in natura thermal water as well as incorporated in cosmetic formulations were used. In in vitro studies, most thermal waters have been shown to have activities on membrane fluidity, skin barrier repair, antiradical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, proliferative activity, regulation of processes involved in ageing and moisturizing properties. In clinical trials, cosmetic thermal waters reduced skin discomfort through their soothing and exhibited moisturizing and anti-irritant properties. (4) Conclusions: The effect of thermal waters on the skin and the absence of side effects reported in different studies allows them to be used as an adjuvant or in the treatment of various skin disorders and may play an important role in the cosmetics industry. However, further clinical trials are needed to assess their effectiveness and safety.
... With the increased interest of cosmetic industry in commercialized SPA waters as cosmeceuticals, an effort has been made to prove cellular effects, especially in France 33 . Well recognized European thermal centers as Avène and La Roche Posay have already promoted scientific studies validating their TW effects 27,[33][34][35][36][37] . However, in Portugal and to the best of our knowledge, only one study reporting the health benefits of a Portuguese TW has been published 38 . ...
... From the 14 TW studied, 11 promoted a reduction in NO production and/or iNOS expression, and/or exhibited NO scavenging activity in macrophages exposed to LPS, supporting their anti-inflammatory properties. In Europe, important thermal centers as Avène and La Roche Posay have already promoted scientific studies validating their TW effects [33][34][35][36][37] . Avène TW was shown to protect cell membranes, genomic DNA and proteins of human keratinocytes in a UVA-induced oxidative stress cell model, as mentioned by Merial-Kieny et al. 35 , supporting its antioxidant properties. ...
... Avène TW was shown to protect cell membranes, genomic DNA and proteins of human keratinocytes in a UVA-induced oxidative stress cell model, as mentioned by Merial-Kieny et al. 35 , supporting its antioxidant properties. Anti-allergic effect was also assessed, in which Avène TW inhibited histamine and prostaglandin D 2 release by rat mast cells exposed to substance P-or antigen-induced cells degranulation 36 . The anti-inflammatory effect was also demonstrated in a model of human skin explants stimulated by VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide), a neurotransmitter that induces vessel dilation. ...
In light of Medical Hydrology, thermal waters (TW) are all-natural mineral waters that emerge inside a thermal resort and have therapeutic applications. Their beneficial effect has been empirically recognized for centuries, being indicated for symptom alleviation and/or treatment of several diseases, almost all associated with inflammation. Indeed, an anti-inflammatory effect has been attributed to many different Portuguese TW but there is no scientific validation supporting this empiric knowledge. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of 14 TW pertaining to thermal centers located in the Central Region of Portugal, and grouped according to their ionic profile. Mouse macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, were exposed to culture medium prepared in TW. Metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels and the scavenging capacity of TW, were investigated in vitro. 11 out of 14 TW reduced NO production and/or iNOS expression, and/or scavenging activity, in macrophages exposed to LPS. The sulphated/calcic TW did not show any effect on at least one of the inflammatory parameters evaluated. Two sulphurous/bicarbonate/sodic TW and the sulphurous/chlorinated/sodic TW promoted an increase in NO production and/or iNOS expression. Our results validate, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory properties of Portuguese TW, supporting their therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases and promoting their putative application in cosmetic products and medical devices.
... The main anions present in the TSW are chlorides, sulfates and bicarbonates. TSW's differ in the proportions among those bulk minerals as well as in the content of trace elements, such as zinc, copper, strontium, selenium, iron, manganese, silica, fluoride, bromide, etc. (de Raimbouville, 1898;Joly et al., 1998;Seite, 2013). Since the Antiquity, bathing was regarded as more than a simple cleansing procedure. ...
Skin constitutes a barrier protecting the organism against physical and chemical factors. Therefore, it is constantly exposed to the xenobiotics, including inorganic ions that are ubiquitous in the environment. Some of them play important roles in homeostasis and regulatory functions of the body, also in the skin, while others can be considered dangerous. Many authors have shown that inorganic ions could penetrate inside the skin and possibly induce local effects. In this review, we give an account of the current knowledge on the effects of skin exposure to inorganic ions. Beneficial effects on skin conditions related to the use of thermal spring waters are discussed together with the application of aluminium in underarm hygiene products and silver salts in treatment of difficult wounds. Finally, the potential consequences of dermal exposure to topical sensitizers and harmful heavy ions including radionuclides are discussed.
... As reported in a review by Khalilzadeh et al. [23], salty thermal sources highest in minerals can reduce: (i) the human leukocyte elastase enzyme (involved in PSO), (ii) the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (which is increased in psoriatic patients), (iii) the LCs of the skin, (iv) the aging markers, and (v) the skin infections, through the removal of yeasts and bacteria which classically contribute to seborrheic dermatitis (SD). Regarding spring thermal sources, the regulation of immunomodulatory parameters by spa water-supplemented media was observed in human psoriatic keratinocytes (Comano Thermal Water-CTW, Italy) [60], LCs (La Roche Posay-LRP, France) [61], mast cells (Avène Spa Water-ASP, France) [62], and CD4+ T lymphocytes (ASP, France) [63]. Most notably, TNF-α and IL-8 production was reduced in psoriatic keratinocytes by CTW [60], and a partial shift from a Th2 to a Th1 cytokine profile was observed by ASW [63], offering a rationale for the treatment of PSO and AD, respectively. ...
The benefits of thermal water in different diseases have been known since ancient times. Over the past decades, a re-assessment of the use of mineral water for the treatment of several pathologic conditions has taken place around the world. Today, water therapy is being practiced in many countries that have a variety of mineral springs considerably different in their hydrogeologic origin, temperature, and chemical composition. Thermal water and balneotherapy offer several advantages: this approach needs no chemicals or potentially harmful drugs; there are almost no side effects during and after treatment, and there is a low risk to the patient's general health and well-being. However, it is difficult to evaluate the efficacy of this therapeutic approach in clinical practice due to the complexity of molecular mechanisms underlying its efficacy. Here we review the current knowledge of the chemical, immunological, and microbiological basis for therapeutic effects of thermal water with a specific focus on chronic inflammatory skin diseases. We also describe recent evidence of the major dermatologic diseases that are frequently treated by balneotherapy with a remarkable rate of success. Moreover, we discuss the potential role of balneotherapy either alone or as a complement to conventional medical treatments.
... Moreover, the soothing and protective properties of thermal spring waters in sensitive skin (antioxidant or anti-ageing) are enhanced by the presence of trace elements such as selenium, strontium (Celerier et al., 1995). These properties have been demonstrated in many studies using human keratinocytes, fibroblasts or other response-appropriate cell lines (Seite et al., 2013;Joly et al., 1998). Furthermore, a recent study demonstrated the activity of salso-bromo-iodine water on mucous-secretory disorders, in particular it helped to improve the relationship between the mucous-protein complexes and the water: initially, this action was congestive, subsequently, it became an anti-catarrhal, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and immunostimulant action (La Mantia et al., 2018). ...
... Moreover, when mast cells were preincubated in an Av ene TSW-based buffer, production of prostaglandin D 2 and histamine was decreased. 26,27 The ability of Av ene TSW to dampen mast cell degranulation may be important in reducing symptoms associated with skin inflammation. Indeed, mast cell granules contain a huge array of mediators (histamine, tryptase, chymase, TNF, etc.) able to initiate or to sustain inflammation. ...
... Effect of Av ene TSW on mast cell degranulation following substance P or IgE/Ag stimulation (see ref26) ...
The hydrotherapy centre in Avène, France, is used extensively to treat inflammatory skin diseases. Nevertheless, the immune mechanisms targeted by Avène Thermal Spring Water (TSW) are not fully understood. Here, we review the main results reported regarding the effects of Avène TSW on the immune system. In particular, mast cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ T cells have been shown to be modulated by Avène TSW. All in all, the studies carried out on the effects of Avène TSW on leucocytes indicate that this water is endowed with a tolerogenic potential.
... Moreover, they have soothing and protective properties in sensitive skin (antioxidant or anti-ageing) that are enhanced by the presence of trace elements such as selenium, strontium and zinc [22][23][24]. These properties have been demonstrated in many studies using human keratinocytes, fibroblasts or other response-appropriate cell lines [6,25,26]. Therefore, they are considered as active substances when used in a cosmetic product. Skincare products such as emulsions or lotions containing TSW as aqueous phase are present on the market, which claim soothing and hydration properties. ...
Objective:
Thermal spring waters (TSW) are commonly used as active ingredients in cosmetics. Their biological activities directly depend on the ionic composition of the spring. However, in order to exhibit beneficial properties, the minerals need to reach viable skin layers. The present study addresses the incorporation of marketed TSW in model cosmetic formulations and the impact of the formulation on skin absorption of magnesium and calcium ions that are known to improve skin barrier function.
Methods:
Marketed TSW was introduced into five formulations. Liposomes were prepared using saturated or unsaturated phospholipids mixed with cholesterol by the thin layer evaporation technique. Emulsions water-in-oil (W/O), oil-in-water (O/W) or double: water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) were prepared by high shear mixing. Skin absorption of Mg2+ and Ca2+ from those formulations was studied in vitro using static Franz diffusion cells under infinite dose condition and under occlusion of the apparatus.
Results:
Mg2+ and Ca2+ penetrate skin samples from TSW. Encapsulating TSW into double emulsion (TSW/O/W) increased skin absorption of both cations of interest and kept the Ca2+ /Mg2+ ratio equal to that of TSW in each skin layer. The dermal absorption of Mg2+ from the double emulsion departs from both single emulsions. Application of liposome suspension improved the skin absorption of Ca2+ while keeping constant that of Mg2+ , leading to unbalanced Ca2+ /Mg2+ ratio inside skin.
Conclusion:
The beneficial effects of TSW are not only due to their action on the skin surface. Their active components, especially Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations reach viable skin layers in a formulation-dependent manner. The distribution of ions inside skin depends on the type of formulation.
... The main anions present in the TSW are chlorides, sulfates and bicarbonates. The waters differ in the proportions among those bulk minerals as well as in the content of trace elements, such as zinc, copper, strontium, selenium, iron, manganese, silica, fluoride, bromide, etc. [82][83][84]. Since the Antiquity, bathing was regarded as more than a simple cleansing procedure. ...
Human skin forms a unique interface between the body and the external environment. Its main role is to protect the internal organs from external factors. Its highly hydrophobic outermost layer, stratum corneum, has long been believed impermeable for highly hydrophilic compounds, including ions. Several studies proved this concept wrong, and recent research by Paweloszek et al. demonstrated the important contribution of facilitated transport in permeation of halide anions. Skin penetration of anions classified in Hofmeister series (of F-, Br-, I-, SCN, ClO4-) alone and in bi- and ternary mixtures in two experimental series was studied in vitro. All tested ions permeated viable skin within 24h. Among halides, the presence of F- reduced the penetration of Br- and I- in mixtures, and synergy between Br- and I- was observed. Within the second group (I-, SCN-, ClO4-) the inhibition of ClO4- penetration in the presence of other ions was observed. Finally, the impact of formulation of marketed thermal spring water (TSW) into emulsions (TSW/O, O/TSW, TSW/O/W) and liposomes on skin absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ was evaluated. Liposomes and emulsions promoted retention of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in skin layers as compared to TSW. Our results prove that the beneficial effects observed during treatment with TSW are associated with penetration of the minerals into and through the skin and are not only a surface action. In this thesis, we demonstrate the possibility of both anions and cations to penetrate viable skin in vitro, and we disclose the effects of mixing and formulating on skin penetration profiles
... Previous studies reported that ASW is endowed with an anti-inflammatory potential. [7][8][9] Because dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the control of the immune response, we investigated in this study the effects of ASW on human DCs. ...
Background: Hydrotherapy appears as a valuable therapeutic tool in the management of patients suffering from chronic skin inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the underlying immune mechanisms of these beneficial effects remain poorly understood. To better understand the biological effects of thermal spring water on the immune system, we investigated the effects of Avène thermal spring water (ASW) on dendritic cells as key cells participating in the control of the immune response.
Methods: DCs were generated from human monocytes and matured with LPS in ASW-based culture medium or in dexamethasone supplemented culture medium as an anti-inflammatory treatment. The phenotypes and abilities of these DCs to produce cytokines and induce allogeneic T cell response was next assessed.
Results: We showed that ASW modulated the differentiation of monocytes into DCs and impacted the DC maturation upon LPS priming. We observed a reduction of the CD83, CD86, CD1a and HLA-DR molecule expression and a decrease of IL-12 and IL-23 production whereas IL-10 production was increased. LPS-primed DCs generated in presence of ASW exhibited a reduced capacity to induce naive CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN- and IL-17 production.
Conclusion: Our study showed that ASW is endowed with an immunomodulatory potential. ASW limits the DC stimulatory capacity of Th1 and Th17 cell responses by impairing their maturation, IL-12 and IL-23 production and accessory cell function.
... Previous studies reported that ASW is endowed with an anti-inflammatory potential. [7][8][9] Because dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the control of the immune response, we investigated in this study the effects of ASW on human DCs. ...
Background:
Hydrotherapy appears as a valuable therapeutic tool in the management of patients suffering from chronic skin inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the underlying immune mechanisms of these beneficial effects remain poorly understood. To better understand the biological effects of thermal spring water on the immune system, we investigated the effects of Avène thermal spring water (ASW) on dendritic cells as key cells participating in the control of the immune response.
Methods:
Dendritic cells (DCs) were generated from human monocytes and matured with LPS in ASW-based culture medium or in dexamethasone supplemented culture medium as an anti-inflammatory treatment. The phenotypes and abilities of these DCs to produce cytokines and induce allogeneic T cell response was next assessed.
Results:
We showed that ASW modulated the differentiation of monocytes into DCs and impacted the DC maturation upon LPS priming. We observed a reduction of the CD83, CD86, CD1a and HLA-DR molecule expression and a decrease of IL-12 and IL-23 production whereas IL-10 production was increased. LPS-primed DCs generated in presence of ASW exhibited a reduced capacity to induce naive CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-17 production.
Conclusion:
Our study showed that ASW is endowed with an immunomodulatory potential. ASW limits the DC stimulatory capacity of Th1 and Th17 cell responses by impairing their maturation, IL-12 and IL-23 production and accessory cell function.
