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The combined effects of climate change and growing water demand due to population growth, industrial and agricultural developments cause an increase in water scarcity and the subsequent environmental crisis in river basins, which results in conflicts over the property rights and allocation agreements. Thus, an integrated, sustainable and efficient...
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Citations
... In a different study focused on the Colorado river basin [136] the authors apply a bankruptcy game framework to allocating climate-induced, over-commi ed water rights agreements to competing stakeholders of different sectors in the Salton Sea region. They used two models for allocation: one involving a social planner approach that maximizes regional welfare, and the second focusing on the bankruptcy rules of proportional deficit (cutback) and constrained equal award. ...
The field of water management is continually changing. Water has been subject to external shocks in the form of climate change and globalization. Analysis of water management is subject to disciplinary developments and inter-disciplinary interactions. Are these developments well documented in the literature? Initial observations on interdisciplinary literature suggest that results are fragmented, implying that a state-of-the-art review is needed. The objective of this paper is to close this gap by reviewing recent developments in water economics that address the increasing perceptions of water scarcity by looking first at changes in supply and quality of water, and then at impacts of climate change on water extremes. Among responses to such challenges, the paper identifies changes to water use patterns by including and co-managing water from different sources—surface and groundwater, wastewater, and desalinated water. Technological advancements also are among the resources that address water challenges. Water challenges reflect also on management of internationally shared water. A recent surge in scientific work identified international treaties as playing a significant role in water management. The paper reviews recently employed economic tools, such as experimental economics, game theory, institutional economics, and valuation methods. And finally, it explores modeling approaches, including hydro-economic and computable general equilibrium models that are being used to deal with water challenges.
... In the following, application of combining game theory with mathematical models include linear programming, hierarchical analysis, etc. have been presented: For example, Hemati and Abrishamchi (2021) used the games theory in order to solve the conflicts caused by the allocation of water resources in the Zarineh River basin under climate change. The Nash bargaining solution with two symmetric methods and AHP was used. ...
Today, one of the most important issues in the field of common water resources management is the allocation of water resources to different stakeholders with different interests. Game theory and conflict resolution methods, taking into account the interests and strategies of the players, provide efficient methods for allocating reservoirs water resources to stakeholders. In this research, for the first time, a wide range of different methods of game theory are used in order to allocate the water resources of Idoghmosh Dam reservoir (East Azarbaijan—Iran) to the agricultural and environmental stakeholders in the downstream. For this purpose, the NASH and four methods of bankruptcy theory, including PRO, AP, CEA, and CEL are used in this research. Also, in this research, the dam component is considered as a player. In the presented model for the optimal allocation of water to consumers, for the first time, the combination of game theory and the MPA as main innovation of this study is used, and the results obtained from it are compared with the GA. The proposed model is used in the base period (1987–2000) and the 14-year climate change period (2026–2039). In the following, for the first time, a wide range of different efficiency indexes of reliability, resiliency, vulnerability, flexibility, availability, supply to demand, volume reliability and SSD are used to analyze the reservoir operation policies. The results show that for each agricultural and environmental player in different base and future periods, the performance of different game theory methods on different indexes has been different. For example, the results for the agricultural player in the future period show that MPA with PRO method and then AP provided the best results for the indexes of vulnerability, resiliency, reliability, SSD, and supply to demand, that the similar values provided using GA and other bankruptcy methods have assigned lower values than MPA.
... In recent decades, the demand for water has experienced a significant increase due to factors such as population growth, rapid industrialization, and accelerated urbanization. In addition, the availability of future water resources is increasingly uncertain as a result of extreme climate events and human activities (Hasti & Ahmad 2021). This situation has the potential to worsen conflicts related to water supply and demand, as well as impede socio-economic sustainability (Gunasekara et al. 2014). ...
Uncertainties arising from extreme climate events and human activities pose a challenge to the efficient allocation of water resources. In this study, a type-2 fuzzy chance-constrained linear fractional programming (T2F-CCLFP) is developed to support the water resource management system under uncertainty by incorporating type-2 fuzzy sets, chance-constrained programming, and fractional programming into a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework. The model enables the trade-off between economic, social, and environmental sustainability and provides water supply solutions associated with different levels of fuzzy uncertainty and risk of violating constraints. The T2F-CCLFP model is applied to Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China, to support its water resource management. Results reveal that (i) the industrial structure is transitioning toward diverse industries from energy and heavy industry dominance; (ii) external water transfer will be the major water-supply sources for the city in the future, accounting for 55 and 50% of the total water supply in 2025 and 2030, respectively; (iii) the water-supply security of the city is enhanced by provoking the utilization of reclaimed water (the annual growth rate is 13.9%). The results are helpful for managers in adjusting the current industry structure, enhancing water supply security, and contributing to the sustainable development of socio-economic and water systems.
... Many important wetlands are threatened with extinction due to reduced runoff. Concern about water scarcity compels all developing countries to assess the current state of water quality and pollution (Abdul Maulud et al. 2021;Chen et al. 2019;Hemati and Abrishamchi 2021). Pollution of fresh water resources is an issue that needs to be taken into account worldwide, as it is a vital element affecting all life. ...
In this study, the current status of water quality in G€ ull€ uk Lagoon and K€ oyce giz-Dalyan Lagoon was examined by comparison using water quality indexes, multivariate statistical analyses and geographical information systems. Water quality parameters comprised of 9 variables i.e., WT, pH, DO, NO 2-N, NO 3-N, NH 4-N, TP, SSM, BOD 5 were measured in G€ ull€ uk Lagoon and K€ oyce giz-Dalyan Lagoon. Although there are important activities such as earthen pond fish farms, fish hatcheries, feldsbat and marble quarries, streams carrying domestic wastes, port, secondary residences and agricultural activities in G€ ull€ uk Lagoon, there are intense tourism and agricultural activities in K€ oyce giz-Dalyan Lagoon. The average concentrations of DO, TP, NO 2-N results in G€ ull€ uk Lagoon and DO, TP and NH 4-N results in K€ oyce giz-Dalyan Lagoon were determined in second class water quality according to surface water quality criteria. While both lagoons were found to be in "Good" quality class as a result of water quality index, G€ ull€ uk Lagoon was found to be "medium polluted" and K€ oyce giz-Dalyan Lagoon was found to be "slightly polluted" quality class as a result of comprehensive pollution index. It was observed that water quality index values of both lagoons decreased in the dry season, while their comprehensive pollution index values increased in the dry season. On the basis of the general averages of water quality index, it was found as K€ oyce giz-Dalyan Lagoon (85.0) > G€ ull€ uk Lagoon (84.05), and on the basis of the general averages of comprehensive pollution index, it was found as G€ ull€ uk Lagoon (1.34) > K€ oyce giz-Dalyan Lagoon (0.79). Relationships between variables were determined by geographical information systems (IDW technique) and statistical analyses (Descriptive statistics, Spearman rho correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test, multiple linear regression and Principal component analysis). As a result of multiple linear regression analysis in measured parameters, it was determined that the most important parameter affecting the water quality index in G€ ull€ uk Lagoon was NH 4-N, and the most important parameter affecting the comprehensive pollution index was SSM. In K€ oyce giz-Dalyan Lagoon, it was observed that the water quality index was affected by the WT parameter and the comprehensive pollution index was affected by the SSM parameter. There is no difference in the concentrations of the average water quality parameters measured in both lagoons, and both lagoons are generally in the first and second class surface water quality class. However, G€ ull€ uk Lagoon, which contains more different pollutant sources than K€ oyce giz-Dalyan Lagoon, is shown to be more polluted according to water quality indexes. In addition, it has been determined that SSM is the most important parameter that determines the water quality among the measured water quality parameters of both lagoons. KEYWORDS water quality; water quality index and comprehensive pollution index; lagoons; geographical information systems
... This study focussed on game theory and bargaining in relation to sustainability trade-offs. Some examples include Carraro et al. (2007) and Hemati and Abrishamchi (2020) for water management, Carraro and Sgobbi (2008) for natural resource management, Stranlund (1999) for forestry management, Sauer et al. (2003) pollution reduction, Lennox et al. (2013) for conservation agreements, Caparrós (2016) for international environmental agreements, and Schopf and Voss (2019) for a three-person game over natural resources. ...
This research takes a novel approach to analyzing impact and benefit agreements (IBA) using multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) and game theory. Local communities, which are often Indigenous communities, face with difficult decisions regarding the trade-offs of impacts vs. benefits from mineral resource development. Analyses of IBAs typically focus on their economic benefits but fail to consider environmental, socio-cultural, and other sustainability criteria. By not considering these criteria, current methods struggle to predict if an IBA is adequate or if it will be accepted. This research develops a model with MCDM that balances complex sustainability trade-offs for communities during mineral development negotiations. Bargaining positions of companies or impacted communities are also an essential, yet understudied factor in IBA analyses. Game theory is employed to show how bargaining positions can affect the compensation included in an IBA. In all, this research develops a model that can consider different criteria, value systems, and the implications of cooperation or competition to predict if an IBA will be accepted. This study provides recommendations, which can be applied other resource development projects which impact communities. The model shows the importance of flexibility in design, power dynamics in bargaining, cooperation, and knowledge sharing.
... The key issue is to analyze systems of corporate incentives and controls for promoting a rm's performance. Irrigation systems and wastewater treatment facilities, including the impact of climate change on these systems, are examples of these kinds of problems (see, e.g.,Fu et al., 2018;Hemati & Abrishamchi, 2020;Jiang et al., 2019). ...
Water is essential to life and development in terms of both quantity and quality. Water resources continue to face various pressures brought about by climate change, growing population, and increased economic demand for water. Managing this unique and precious resource has become a global challenge. The conflicts over water issues often arise not only among stakeholders facing limited water resources but also from social and political aspects of the design, operation, and management of water supply projects. A fair and sustainable system of sharing water resources, therefore, is one of the greatest challenges we face in the 21st century. In the absence of negotiation and lack of clear property rights, water is a source for human conflicts.
Game theory as strategic analysis has provided powerful tools and been applied to many fields, including water resources management. The basic assumptions of game theory emphasize that rational players who pursue well-defined objectives and assume knowledge of others would accordingly form expectations of other decision makers’ behavior. Hence, game theory is used to predict agents’ behaviors toward fulfilling their own interests during the interactive decision-making process with other agents.
Since the 1950s, game theory has become an important tool for analyzing important aspects of water resource management. Yet despite the rapid increase in the application of game theoretical approaches to water resource management, many challenges remain. The challenges of the early 21st century, including resource constraints, financial instability, inequalities within and between countries, and environmental degradation, present opportunities to address and reach resolutions on how water is governed and managed to ensure that everyone has sufficient access to water.
... Chen et al. (2020) and Wang et al. (2020) try to address this problem using a different optimization algorithm. Comparing AHP and symmetric methods showed water allocation could be more efficient in the use of cooperative bargaining games (Hemati & Abrishamchi, 2020). ...
This paper proposes a new framework to optimize the allocation of water resources considering two perspectives of water value and strategic management which is one of the novelties of this study. After identifying agricultural, industrial, and domestic water demands, a water allocation model is developed to maximize the net benefit of water delivered to each sector. Based on the characteristics of the study area which is the Namak Lake basin, water transfer from Dez tributaries can be considered as an uncertainty depending on the climate and political issues. So, the model is initially performed without considering water transfer and then water transfer is considered to enhance the flexibility. In addition, the initial model does not assign the weights to the plain. In the novel model, weights derived from questionnaires are applied to reflect experts’ opinions and consider the priorities of the plains. Transferred water is then allocated from the strategic management perspective and the water value perspective (six possible combinations of perspectives and scenarios), and eleven independent variables are considered in the model. Also, GMCR + , the new version of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, is applied to visualize the possible scenarios and equilibrium states based on the status quo of the conflict. Based on the results, the first scenario of water value perspective is chosen which results in a significant water allocation to the industry and agriculture sectors (approximately 94% and 96%, respectively). Also, 94.6% of potable water is satisfied compared to the initial water needs.
Graphical Abstract
... Regarding water demand backlogging and delivery loss, Chen and Wang (2021) formulated, analyzed, and compared three inter-basin water transfer green supply chain coordination decision models considering water delivery loss with lost sales, fully and partial backlogging and backlogging under random precipitation. Hemati and Abrishamchi (2020) studied the water allocation under climate change effects based on game theory. Their results indicated that in bargaining game solutions, Analytic Hierarchy Process provides better utilities for players than the symmetric method. ...
Due to the lack of resources, individuals, groups, or countries are more involved in common resource conflicts. This paper uses the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution methodology to model a conflict based on the Nash solution concept, General Meta-Rationality, Symmetric Meta-Rationality, Sequential Stability, Limited h Move Stability, and Non-Myopic Stability definitions and then sieve the socially optimal outcomes from the results of the graph model. We propose to add a new analytical stage as a sequential next step to the equilibria in the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution and utilize social choice voting rules such as the Borda score, the Plurality rule, the Median voting rule, Copeland’s method, Simpson’s rule, and Fallback bargaining. We also apply a new approach called Related games, where we show how the Leading game impacts the Consequential game’s outcome and equilibria. To demonstrate the proposed concepts, we applied these ideas to two case studies; (1) the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers conflict between Turkey, Syria, and Iraq, and (2) the Shatt al-Arab, which is on the border of Iran and Iraq. Results confirm that adding analytical stages in the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution and considering the Related games concept help decision and policy makers to gain a clearer insight into the conflict.
... The key issue is to analyze systems of corporate incentives and controls for promoting a rm's performance. Irrigation systems and wastewater treatment facilities, including the impact of climate change on these systems, are examples of these kinds of problems (see, e.g.,Fu et al., 2018;Hemati & Abrishamchi, 2020;Jiang et al., 2019). ...
The 21st Conference of the Parties (CoP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) shifted the nature of the political economy challenge associated with achieving a global emissions trajectory that is consistent with a climate. The shifts generated by CoP21 place country decision-making and country policies at centre stage. Under moderately optimistic assumptions concerning the vigour with which CoP21 objectives are pursued, nearly every country in the world will set about to design and implement the most promising and locally relevant policies for achieving their agreed contribution to global mitigation. These policies are virtually certain to vary dramatically across countries. In short, the world stands at the cusp of an unprecedented era of policy experimentation in driving a clean energy transition. This book steps into this new world of broad-scale and locally relevant policy experimentation. The chapters focus on the political economy of clean energy transition with an emphasis on specific issues encountered in both developed and developing countries. Lead authors contribute a broad diversity of experience drawn from all major regions of the world, representing a compendium of what has been learned from recent initiatives, mostly (but not exclusively) at country level, to reduce GHG emissions. As this new era of experimentation dawns, their contributions are both relevant and timely.
