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... evaluate the feel, the formulations were applied on the skin and the feel was experienced psychorheologically [13]. Results are shown in Table 5. ...Similar publications
Superbugs are microorganisms that have evolved and developed the ability to resist antibiotics. The spread of these pathogens is a serious health problem, causing diseases that are difficult to treat. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, superbugs have several virulence factors that are essential for establishment and invasion during infections...
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... Cream, lotion, troche, lozenges, and solution are all commercially available formulations, but none of them offer continuous release. Due to their low efficiency, many traditional delivery systems necessitate a large concentration of active ingredient to be included for successful therapy [24][25][26][27]. So, clotrimazole is employed in microsponge manufacture to improve the therapeutic system by delivering the medicine in a controlled and sustained manner. ...
The study's overarching goal is to develop a novel medication delivery method based on microsponge gel containing clotrimazole. Clotrimazole is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), has a short half-life of only 2 h, & is metabolized into inert molecules by the liver. Therefore, clotrimazole's drug delivery method must be modified for topical application. Microsponge delivery is a novel approach to sustained drug release. Microsponges were made with a polymer solution of Eudragit RS 100 in dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol (1:1) using a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique. A number of metrics, including production yield, entrapment efficiency, particle size measurement, and in vitro drug release studies, were used to each microsponge formulation. For topical administration, the optimized microsponge formulation F6 was transformed into a gel formulation. Prepared gel was compared to a commercially available formulation based on physical factors such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and an in vitro diffusion investigation. Most of the formulations were discrete and spherical in shape, indicating a satisfactory production yield, suggesting quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method is a promising methodology for the fabrication of microsponge. Clotrimazole was released steadily over the course of 12 hours from the microsponge gel formulation MGI (F6). Therefore, the medicine in the form of a microsponge can reduce the risk of adverse effects and increase patient compliance by avoiding skin contact.
... Lesser the time taken for separation of two slides, better the spreadability. [13,17] It is calculated by using the formula: ...
The aim of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate stable ketoconazole organogel preparation to
increase the solubility of ketoconazole and release the drug for prolonged period of time. Ketoconazole was dissolved in clove
oil. The required amount of the tween 80 and PEG 400 was added to the clove oil containing propyl paraben. Subsequently,
water containing methyl paraben was added drop-by-drop to the organogelator solution with constant stirring on magnetic
stirrer until there was a formation of clear microemulsion. Carbopol 934 was used as a gelling phase, slowly mixed with
microemulsion in 1:1 ratio with constant and uniform stirring to get milky white homogeneous organogel. Formulated
organogels were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH, viscosity, globule size, drug content, spreadability, extrudability,
in-vitro and ex-vivo drug release, antifungal activity and stability. Organogel carrying ketoconazole showed good physical
appearance, acceptable skin pH (6 - 6.8), non-newtonian pseudoplastic system, drug content (99.68±0.19), globule size (572
nm), spreadability (21.67±0.034 gm.cm/sec), good extrudability, in-vitro release (98.75±0.32 %), ex-vivo release (73.45±0.86 %)
for optimized batch. Skin irritation study did not showed any irritation reaction and possess a good anti-fungal activity. The
optimized batch OG3 showed better drug release as compared to marketed cream. Similarly ex-vivo release of formulation
showed better drug release through mice skin as compared with marketed cream (KT CURE). The formulations followed zero
order kinetic model followed by higuchi mechanism. Thus, results of the current study clearly indicated a promising potential of
the ketoconazole organogel as an alternative to the conventional dosage form.
... The pH of all the formulations was compatible with the skin pH reflecting no risk of skin irritation (Mantry et al., 2013). ...
Context:
Propolis has traditionally been used in curing infections and healing wounds and burns.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to formulate pluronic lecithin organogel of propolis to improve its availability and antimicrobial activity.
Materials and methods:
Different organogels were prepared by using soybean lecithin, isopropyl palmitate, pluronic F127 and water. The effect of quantity of lecithin and pluronic F127 and percentage of oil phase was investigated. The organogels were evaluated for appearance, texture, pH, drug content and viscosity. In vitro release studies were carried out using cellophane membrane. Drug permeation through abdominal rat skin from organogels that showed high % drug release was compared to that from propolis suspension in distilled water. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the selected propolis formulation against different bacterial isolates was compared with that of propolis suspension in water.
Results and discussion:
Results showed that all organogel formulations except the formula containing 10% pluronic F127, showed acceptable physical properties. Drug content of organogel formulations was in the range of 97.5-100.2%. The pH of the formulations was in the range of 5.5-6.3 that suits the skin pH, indicating skin compatibility. The viscosity was in the range of 5366-8984 cp. A significant decrease in drug release from formulations was observed with increase in concentration of lecithin and pluronic F127. Decreasing oil phase percentage to 20% w/w led to a decrease in drug release from the formulation.
Conclusion:
The formula containing 3% lecithin and 20% pluronic F127 exhibited superior skin permeation and antimicrobial activity over propolis suspension in water.
Halobetasol propionate (HP) is an ultra-potent corticosteroid used in management of severe and recurrent cases of Atopic Dermatitis (AD). The marketed cream formulations are based on synthetic surfactants which often aggravate AD. The present studies investigate biocompatible pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) of Halobetasol propionate in management of AD. Organogels were prepared by aqueous titration method and preliminary ternary phase studies optimized the ratio of surfactant (phospholipon 90G) to co-surfactant (propylene glycol).The optimized organogel comprised of surfactant and co- surfactant in ratio of 2:1, which exhibited satisfactory morphology and rheology. Systematic analysis by employing statistical models revealed that increasing concentration of lecithin and pluronic enhanced the viscosity of formulation and inhibited drug release. The developed formulation showed enhanced drug retention in skin as compared to marketed HP cream in ex-vivo permeation studies across rodent skin. Increased and deeper layer permeation from the PLO was confirmed by confocal microscopy using a fluorescent marker. Histopathological evaluation of excised skin from treated rats revealed non-irritating nature of the PLO. The present studies indicate the possibility of non-irritating bio-compatible dosage form for potent steroids which increase drug permeation but does not aggravate AD. It is also expected to alleviate xerosis and has potential for dose reduction of the drug.
