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Background
The fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense are commonly used as spices. Due to their wide use in nutrition and traditional medicine, there is need to examine the biochemical and histological effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense on liver and kid...
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... bw) showed normal glomerulus, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule. Some of the Bowman's spaces are mildly enlarged (Fig. 9). Photomicrograph of kidney section from rat administered ethanolic leaves' extract of P. guineense (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule. The Bowman's spaces are mildly enlarged (Fig. 10), while kidney section from rat administered ethanolic fruits' extract of X. aethiopica (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, Bowman's spaces, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule (Fig. ...
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... leaves' extract of P. guineense (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule. The Bowman's spaces are mildly enlarged (Fig. 10), while kidney section from rat administered ethanolic fruits' extract of X. aethiopica (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, Bowman's spaces, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule (Fig. ...
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... bw) showed normal glomerulus, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule. Some of the Bowman's spaces are mildly enlarged (Fig. 9). Photomicrograph of kidney section from rat administered ethanolic leaves' extract of P. guineense (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule. The Bowman's spaces are mildly enlarged (Fig. 10), while kidney section from rat administered ethanolic fruits' extract of X. aethiopica (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, Bowman's spaces, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule (Fig. ...
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... leaves' extract of P. guineense (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule. The Bowman's spaces are mildly enlarged (Fig. 10), while kidney section from rat administered ethanolic fruits' extract of X. aethiopica (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, Bowman's spaces, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule (Fig. ...
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... bw) showed normal glomerulus, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule. Some of the Bowman's spaces are mildly enlarged (Fig. 9). Photomicrograph of kidney section from rat administered ethanolic leaves' extract of P. guineense (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule. The Bowman's spaces are mildly enlarged (Fig. 10), while kidney section from rat administered ethanolic fruits' extract of X. aethiopica (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, Bowman's spaces, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule (Fig. ...
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... leaves' extract of P. guineense (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule. The Bowman's spaces are mildly enlarged (Fig. 10), while kidney section from rat administered ethanolic fruits' extract of X. aethiopica (100 mg/kg bw) showed normal glomerulus, Bowman's spaces, collecting ducts and Bowman's capsule (Fig. ...
Citations
... In Igbo, it is called Uziza and in Yoruba as Iyere (Besong et al., 2016). Other common names are odusa in ibibio, guinea pepper, benin pepper, false cubeb (Katzer, 2015;Imo et al., 2021). The hot leaves plant shown in Figure 1, has also been reported to have a lot of uses, such as medicinal, cosmetic, culinary, and insecticidal uses (Martins, 2013, Aihiokhai andOkpiabhele, 2022;Adesokan and Akanji, 2010). ...
rying of food products is a significant process in food processing and agricultural industry. In the study, hot leaves (Piper guineense) were dried at varying temperatures (40-70 °C) and times (170-340 minutes) using an experimental design approach. The drying moisture content was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The proximate analysis of the dried leaves contents revealed 0.6-4.2% ash, 12.23-14.1% crude fibre, 14.9-17.8% crude protein and 38.6-41.1% carbohydrate. The RSM optimum drying temperature and time were 57.44 o C and 201 minutes, respectively, achieving a dry matter of 12%. The results underscore the drying time as the most influential factor in the moisture removal rate of the leaves. The RSM and ANN models demonstrated a close prediction with the experimentally determined moisture content in the leaves, with coefficient of determination (R 2) values of 0.8947 and 0.8471, respectively. These statistical values enhance the reliability of the models for drying moisture content of Piper guineense in food product processing.
... Activated nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kβ) translocates from cytosol to nucleus where it causes continuous overexpression of proinflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines including tumor nuclear factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) 29,30 . These pro-inflammatory cytokines result in sustained differentiation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells into myoblast cells with collagen and muscle actins resulting in cirrhosis of the liver 31,32 . Cirrhosis obstructs blood flow to the liver resulting in hepatocyte hypoxia and necrosis 33 . ...
Background and Objective: Hepatic disorders are conditions that affect the structure or function of the human liver. Causes include microbes and their toxins, ionizing radiations and abuse of drugs. Medicinal plant products have been an alternative for the management of these diseases due to the expensive, unavailability and harmful side effects of pharmaceutical drugs. The aim of this study was to determine whether plant species used in preparing herbal medicinal products for treatment of liver diseases have reported hepatoprotective activity. Materials and Methods: A field survey was conducted using information from television, radio and market vans to identify the medicines and purchase them from the herbal shops. The plant species and parts used in manufacturing were extracted from the product insert and the Traditional and Alternative Medicine Council logbook. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) instrument was adopted in conducting the review. A search was conducted on Google Scholar, PubMed and Elsevier databases on hepatoprotection activity of the plant species. Results: In all, 175 articles met the criteria for the quantitative synthesis and were used for the review. For the plants, 56 species were used by 20 manufacturing companies in producing 25 herbal medicinal products. Khaya senegalensis was the most predominant plant species (9/25, 36.0% products). In terms of parts, leaves (40/56,71.4% of plant species) were the most prevalent part used. On databases, 41/56 (73.2%) plant species had hepatoprotective activity while 15 (26.8%) had no data for hepatoprotective activity. Crataegus oxyacantha was the plant species with the most parts reported parts (7 different parts). Moringa oleifera was most extracted (7 different solvents) and most tested against hepatotoxicity induced with 20 different toxicants. Conclusion: There is sufficient scientific data on the hepatotoxicity activity of plant species used for herbal formulations against liver disorders. Practitioners and Researchers should focus on isolation and testing of the active phytochemicals.
... Activated nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kβ) translocates from cytosol to nucleus where it causes continuous overexpression of proinflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines including tumor nuclear factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) 29,30 . These pro-inflammatory cytokines result in sustained differentiation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells into myoblast cells with collagen and muscle actins resulting in cirrhosis of the liver 31,32 . Cirrhosis obstructs blood flow to the liver resulting in hepatocyte hypoxia and necrosis 33 . ...
Background and Objective: Hepatic disorders are conditions that affect the structure or function of the human liver. Causes include microbes and their toxins, ionizing radiations and abuse of drugs. Medicinal plant products have been an alternative for the management of these diseases due to the expensive, unavailability and harmful side effects of pharmaceutical drugs. The aim of this study was to determine whether plant species used in preparing herbal medicinal products for treatment of liver diseases have reported hepatoprotective activity. Materials and Methods: A field survey was conducted using information from television, radio and market vans to identify the medicines and purchase them from the herbal shops. The plant species and parts used in manufacturing were extracted from the product insert and the Traditional and Alternative Medicine Council logbook. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) instrument was adopted in conducting the review. A search was conducted on Google Scholar, PubMed and Elsevier databases on hepatoprotection activity of the plant species. Results: In all, 175 articles met the criteria for the quantitative synthesis and were used for the review. For the plants, 56 species were used by 20 manufacturing companies in producing 25 herbal medicinal products. Khaya senegalensis was the most predominant plant species (9/25, 36.0% products). In terms of parts, leaves (40/56,71.4% of plant species) were the most prevalent part used. On databases, 41/56 (73.2%) plant species had hepatoprotective activity while 15 (26.8%) had no data for hepatoprotective activity. Crataegus oxyacantha was the plant species with the most parts reported parts (7 different parts). Moringa oleifera was most extracted (7 different solvents) and most tested against hepatotoxicity induced with 20 different toxicants. Conclusion: There is sufficient scientific data on the hepatotoxicity activity of plant species used for herbal formulations against liver disorders. Practitioners and Researchers should focus on isolation and testing of the active phytochemicals.
... Cis/trans-verbenol GC and GC-MS analysis of dried fruit and powder obtained from crushed dried fruit of X. aethiopica [5] Monoterpene alcohols Antileishmanial and trypanocidal [35] Camphene GC-MS analysis of dried fruit extract of X. aethiopica [6] Monoterpene Antiviral Antibacterial Antifungal [22] [37] [38] β-sitosterol GC-MS analyses of methanol leaf extract [2] Phytosterols Antibacterial Antifungal Antiviral [39] [40] ...
... Only PCV showed a significant increase when compared to the control. [38] 129.62-5000 mg/ kg body weight ...
... This demonstrates that the seed extracts might have chemical components with potential hepatoprotective properties. [16] Globulin levels were elevated in the positive control group, this was attenuated by the extracts showing that the extracts encourage protein biosynthesis hence enhancing liver function. [16] The depletion of glutathione, an essential intracellular and extracellular tripeptide antioxidant, was the predominant adverse impact of paracetamol poisoning. ...
... [16] Globulin levels were elevated in the positive control group, this was attenuated by the extracts showing that the extracts encourage protein biosynthesis hence enhancing liver function. [16] The depletion of glutathione, an essential intracellular and extracellular tripeptide antioxidant, was the predominant adverse impact of paracetamol poisoning. [12]. ...
Methanol extract of Piper guineense seed was administered to Swiss albino rats to asses the effect on paracetamol induced toxicity. Thirty-six albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals per group. Four groups were administered in increasing doses of the extract 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/body weight where as the fifth group was administered 500kg/kg of paracetamol as the positive control, while the sixth group was used as normal control. The duration of the experiment was two weeks. This study revealed that the paracetamol increased the biochemical parameters. This was attenuated by the co-administration of Piper guineense extract by oral gavage (50, 100, 150, 200mg/kg b.w). The biochemical parameter studied showed consistent changes. The chronic administration of paracetamol 500 kg/b,w showed an elevation in ALT, AST, MDA, total protein, total bilirublin, total protein, globulin And a depletion of SOD(superoxide dismutase), catalase, ALP, Albumin and Albumin/ globulin GSH (reduced glutathione),levels. Administration of methanol extract of Piper guineense attenuated the levels ALT, AST, GSH( reduced glutathione), SOD(superoxide dismutase),total protein, total bilirublin, total protein, globulin levels. Piper guineense ameliorated MDA, catalase, urea, ALP, Albumin and Albumin/ globulin levels restoring it significantly. The histopathology results of the effect methanol extract of Piper guineense on paracetamol induced toxicity. It Concurs with the result of the biochemical parameters. From this study it can be concluded that methanol extract of Piper guineense possess some potent antioxidants which can ameliorate damage associated with chronic exposure to paracetamol exposure in rat models.
... It is well recognized that medicinal herbs have a variety of benefits to animals, particularly humans [1]. In herbal medicine, the majority of spices are used for disease prevention or management [1,2]. ...
... It is well recognized that medicinal herbs have a variety of benefits to animals, particularly humans [1]. In herbal medicine, the majority of spices are used for disease prevention or management [1,2]. Dennettia tripetala is a notable indigenous plant of West Tropical Africa, a member of the Annonaceae family [3]. ...
This study examined the effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Dennettia tripetala on kidney function of healthy male albino rats. Dennettia tripetala is commonly also referred to as pepper fruit. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiarrheal characteristics are only a few of the fruit's many known therapeutic benefits. Fifty healthy adult male albino rats were utilized in this study and were randomly distributed into 5 groups of 10 animals each. The test animals were orally administered ethanolic extracts of fruits of D. tripetala (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) for twenty-one days and were sacrificed at the end of the 21 days. The result of kidney function biochemical parameters revealed that sodium increased significantly (p<0.05) in all the test groups, potassium increased significantly in all the test groups except in group 4 which showed no significant alteration, chloride was lowered in all the groups except in group 2 which increased significantly. Urea was lowered significantly in all the test groups; creatinine was significantly elevated in groups 4 and 5, while groups 2 and 3 showed no significant alteration. Photomicrograph of kidney section of normal control rat (group 1) showed normal glomerulus (G), Bowman’s capsule (Bc), Bowman’s space (Bs) and tubules (T) as well as group 2 and 3, while group 4 and 5 showed slightly shrunken glomerulus (SG) with increased Bowman’s capsular space (IBs) and dilated tubules (DT) within the tissue stroma. This study suggests that both the extracts may possess active ingredients that may aid in electrolyte homoeostasis while the unriped fruit extract contains some chemicals that may cause mild kidney toxicity when consumed for a long duration.
... These two plants are also used to relieve symptoms of sickle cell disease [11,12]. As for Xylopia aethiopica, it is an Annonaceae that increases hemoglobin levels and relieves pain [13]. In rural areas, it is used more in remedies as an ingredient. ...
... The results of this study are consistent with those of Etame et al. [9], Okot-Asi et al. [37], Olusayo and Monsi [38] and Imo et al. [13]. These authors all showed that the different extracts of H. madagascariensis and X. aethiopica did not reduce hemoglobin levels over time. ...
... The weight gain of rats treated with the aqueous and hydroethanol extracts was similar to that of rats given vitamin B12, the reference antianemic. These results are similar to those obtained by Olusayo and Monsi [38] and Imo et al. [13] with the aqueous extracts of H. madagascariensis and X. aethiopica respectively. ...
... The liver plays an important role in the body including glycogen storage, plasma protein synthesis and detoxification aimed at ensuring the proper production and storage of required metabolites (Imo et al., 2021) hence may be susceptible to injury particularly in situation of toxicity. Bioindicators of hepatic function and the associated diagnostic ratios are among the important determinants of animal health status (Jimoh et al., 2015). ...
... Crude dietary value was assessed through proximate contents analysis which is an important novel food discovery step to assess the nutritional profile and keeping quality of a new food source (Ahmed, et al., 2022). The influence TOPE on the liver function was assessed through the liver histology, liver function markers, including ALT, AST, ALP, ALB, BIL and associated diagnostic ratios (AST:ALT, ALB:ALP, ALT:AST, BIL:ALB, ALB:BIL) which were among the routine liver function bioindicators (Imo et al., 2021;Kalas et al., 2021). ...
The enormous waste burden potential of unutilized pod of Telfairia (T.) Occidentalis, TOP, could be controlled by using it in diets, and as drugs that could mitigate potential hepatotoxic effect of monosodium glutamate, MSG; a common food flavouring. This study was on the proximate properties of TOP flour, TOPF, and role of the ethanol extract, TOPE on MSG-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats (120-175 g) randomly allotted to five groups of 4 rats each in groups A, B, C, D and E respectively received normal saline (1 ml), MSG (8000 mg/kg), TOPE (200 mg/kg), MSG (8000 mg/kg) + TOPE (200 mg/kg) and MSG (8000 mg/kg) + TOPE (400 mg/kg) via oral gavage and daily for 14 days. The proximate properties (%) of TOPF were total carbohydrate (67.51±0.06) > ash (9.31±0.02) > crude fibre (7.88±0.02) > moisture (7.69±0.01 > crude protein (6.21±0.02) > fat (1.40 ±0.02), suggesting its prospective dietary potential. Significant (P < 0.05) alterations in the hepatic histology, hepatic functional parameters and associated diagnostic ratios in MSG-treated rats were incomparable to other rat groups. TOPE (200 mg/kg) elicited effect comparable to control and caused significant (P < 0.05) dose dependent reduction in the MSG effect. This demonstrated TOPE-related hepato-protection, and consistent protective role against MSG-induced hepatotoxicity, in the rats. Studies to harness the apparent dietary and hepatoprotective potentials of TOP in the rats are warranted and recommended.
... Alteration in hematological balance results to diseased states including anemia and reduced immunity (Achi et al., 2021). Liver and kidneys work in synergy to maintain homeostasis, ensure the proper production and excretion of metabolic wastes and facilitate the reabsorption of required metabolites (Imo et al., 2021). Monosodium glutamate, MSG, is a sodium salt of Lglutamic acid (Airaodion et al., 2019). ...
... Hematologic function was monitored through bioindicators including hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and packed cell volume (PCV) (Nwuke et al., 2020, Alaebo et al., 2022. Optimal liver function was assessed through the specific marker alanine aminotransferase enzyme (ALT) and the less specific marker aspartate aminotransferase enzyme (AST) ( Imo et al., 2021). Kidney function was evaluated through urea and creatinine levels (Ibrahim et al., 2020, Imo et al., 2021. ...
... Optimal liver function was assessed through the specific marker alanine aminotransferase enzyme (ALT) and the less specific marker aspartate aminotransferase enzyme (AST) ( Imo et al., 2021). Kidney function was evaluated through urea and creatinine levels (Ibrahim et al., 2020, Imo et al., 2021. Histological assessment of organs was important in determining agent related effect in experimental animal model (Kianifard et al., 2019;Jubaidi et al., 2019). ...
To minimize its waste burden, underutilized Chrysophyllum albidum (C. albidum) seed could be exploited as a plant-based pharmafood together with widely used but potentially toxic food flavouring, monosodium glutamate (MSG). This study was designed to ascertain the influence of C. albidum seed endosperm extract (CASEE), on the hematologic, hepatic, nephrotic and histologic alterations in MSG-compromised rats. Adult male albino rats (120-160 g) were randomly allotted to six groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 rats received normal saline (1 ml), Group 2 received CASEE (200 mg/kg), Group 3 received MSG (8000 mg/kg), while groups 4, 5 and 6 rats in addition respectively received 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of CASEE. Exposure was orally and daily for 14 days. Results revealed significant (P < 0.05) alterations in the hematologic, hepatic, nephrotic and histologic parameters in MSG-treated rats compared to others. CASEE (200 mg/kg)-fed rats had comparable effect as the control and caused significant (P < 0.05) but selective dose dependent reduction in MSG effect. This study demonstrated that CASEE (200 mg/kg) improved but MSG (800 mg/kg) compromised the rats' hematologic, hepatic, nephrotic and histologic integrity. CASEE reduced the MSG effect in the rats via probable concerted mechanism leading to beneficial response on the rats' hematology, liver and kidney functions and histology. The dietary and pharmacologic prospects of the results in rats warrant further studies to elucidate the structure of the responsible bioactive compound(s) and confirm the suggested probable mechanism (s) of action.
... Piper guineense has been reported to have positive impacts on liver [30] , kidney [31] , female reproductive system [25] , diabetes [32] , ulcer [33] male libido enhancement and male reproductive parameters [21][22][23][24] . Its therapeutic impact on body toxicity such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity has been reported [34,35] . Studies have also shown it has antioxidants, anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesic properties which made up its medicinal impact [19,27,28] . ...
Objectives: Nutritional value and health benefits of Piper guineense (a spice known as Uziza in Igbo language of Nigeria) cannot be overemphasized. Its therapeutic inputs on reproductive toxicity were elucidated. Study approach: Literature survey was carried out in various electronic search databases such as Google scholar, Crossref and pubmed. The survey done February 2022-March 2022 considered literatures that reported the impact of Piper guineense on reproductive system as well as reproductive toxicity. The search keys include; "Piper guineense and reproductive health" "Piper guineense and reproductive toxicity" "Piper guineense on non-heavy metals induced reproductive toxicity" "Piper guineense on heavy metals induced reproductive toxicity" "Piper guineense on lead, cadmium, and arsenic induced reproductive toxicity". The search keywords were used respectively and collectively. Findings: Eight (8) reports were found most appropriate for the pharmaceutical evidence of Piper guineense on reproduction; which suggests its essential therapeutic input on reproductive toxicity. Conclusively, Piper guineense is a potential vital ingredient for pharmaceuticals, used to ameliorate reproductive toxicity.
