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1: Double-slit experiment with (a) photons, (b) very large particles, (c) electrons. Photons and electrons passing the double-slit form interference patterns on the screen, showing the wave nature of particles. Particles on (b) are too large/massive to exhibit their wave nature.

1: Double-slit experiment with (a) photons, (b) very large particles, (c) electrons. Photons and electrons passing the double-slit form interference patterns on the screen, showing the wave nature of particles. Particles on (b) are too large/massive to exhibit their wave nature.

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Can we change the shape of a domain without altering its sizes? By introducing a size-invariant shape transformation, we propose the existence and explore the consequences of a new type of physical effect appearing at the quantum scales, which we call here as "quantum shape effect". By completely separating the shape effects from size effects, we s...

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... and rectangle domains are θ = 60 • and θ = 90 • respectively. During the rotation in nested square domain there was a formation of four-fold degeneracy in the ground state. In nested triangle and rectangle domains respectively three-fold and two-fold degeneracy are formed as expected, which can be inferred also from the rightmost subfigures of Fig. ...
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... a moment on the body causing the rotation of the inner structure, Fig. 4.11c. As expected, the variation of application point with respect to rotation angle has the same character of the variation of the torque with respect to angle, Fig. 4.11b. The reason why the torque is zero for 0 • and 45 • degree configurations can be clearly inferred from Fig. 4.11d, where it is shown that pressures distributions are symmetric in those configurations, unlike in between ...
Context 3
... and rectangle domains are θ = 60 • and θ = 90 • respectively. During the rotation in nested square domain there was a formation of four-fold degeneracy in the ground state. In nested triangle and rectangle domains respectively three-fold and two-fold degeneracy are formed as expected, which can be inferred also from the rightmost subfigures of Fig. ...
Context 4
... a moment on the body causing the rotation of the inner structure, Fig. 4.11c. As expected, the variation of application point with respect to rotation angle has the same character of the variation of the torque with respect to angle, Fig. 4.11b. The reason why the torque is zero for 0 • and 45 • degree configurations can be clearly inferred from Fig. 4.11d, where it is shown that pressures distributions are symmetric in those configurations, unlike in between ...

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We extend the speed limit of a distance between two states evolving by different generators for quantum systems [K. Suzuki and K. Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 032016(R) (2020)] to the classical stochastic processes described by the master equation. We demonstrate that the trace distance between arbitrary evolving states is bounded from above by us...