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Snow Leopard Conservation Action Plan for Nepal (2017-2021)
Impacts on households from large carnivores are frequently reported in the conservation literature, but conflicts between households and large carnivore conservation are not. Employing a human-wildlife coexistence framework that distinguishes between human-wildlife impacts on one hand, and human-conservation conflicts on the other, this paper prese...
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... Northern Bhutan has two distinct seasons: cold, dry winters and cool, wet summers. The northern region of the study area typically receives an annual precipitation of less than 100 mm, and more than half of the total precipitation is in the form of snow (Tenzin, Shrestha & Dhendup, 2016;Leki et al., 2018;Jamtsho & Katel, 2019). The southern region, by contrast, typically receives an annual precipitation of 1500 mm (RGoB, 2016). ...
... Summer starts with the onset of snowmelt and the movement of yaks to the alpine meadows; winter starts with the first snowfall and the last movement of yaks to lower elevations. We treated the four protected areas (JKSNR, PTFD, JKSNR and WCNP) as distinct units, because they differ in livestock herd management, cordyceps collection scheme and wild prey density (TSNR, 2011;DoL, 2015;Thinley & Tharchen, 2015;Tenzin et al., 2016). In order to calculate livestock density, we divided livestock abundance in each gewog (the second-lowest level of administrative block in Bhutan) by the size of the gewog (range: 3.6-1716 km 2 , BMS, 2019). ...
... Nepal and Bhutan have a similar topography, and both have healthy bharal populations (Chetri et al., 2017;Leki et al., 2018). Moreover, bharal is by far the most abundant wild ungulate across our study area (Thinley et al., 2014;DoFPS, 2016;Tenzin et al., 2016;Leki et al., 2018). Its abundance and body size makes the bharal the ideal prey for snow leopards (Lyngdoh et al., 2014). ...
Retaliatory killing due to livestock depredation is a major threat to snow leopard (Panthera uncia) conservation. To devise management actions that reduce livestock losses and the consequent retaliatory killing, we need to understand the factors that influence the snow leopard's diet and depredation on livestock. Here, we studied snow leopard diet and ecological determinants of livestock depredation in Bhutan by semi‐systematically collecting scat samples and analysing prey hair structure using a micro‐histological method. We identified five prey species. Most of the snow leopard diet consisted of wild ungulates (85.8%), mostly bharal (60.8%). Yak (14.2%) was the only livestock species in the scats. Livestock depredation was higher during summer and differed markedly among four protected areas characterized by various wildlife densities and human activities. These findings will help develop a site‐based management plan to ensure the long‐term persistence of the snow leopard in Bhutan.
We systematically reviewed published snow leopard research between 1904 and 2020 to examine spatio-temporal trends in research and identify critical gaps in knowledge and future research priorities for effective conservation planning.
Herpetofauna are sensitive to environmental changes and their population is decreasing worldwide due to land-use change, depredation by introduced species, infection by diseases, release of toxic material in environment, overharvesting, and effect of climate change (Jolley et al., 2010; Colino-Rabanal and Lizana, 2012; Rais et al., 2015). So, the herpetofauna are used as indicators to monitor health of ecosystem. However, in Bhutan, factors affecting population of herpetofauna is not assessed. Information on impact of climate change, developmental activities, and harvesting on the population structure of herpetofauna is altogether missing. This is despite knowing that several species of reptiles and amphibians are collected by people for various purposes such as for self-consumption, pet trade, and medicine.
HWB and biodiversity are multidimensional constructs that are difficult to define and quantify. Thus, a linkage between them should have a conceptual framework to integrate biodiversity conservation and human well-being. A robust framework should include both the effects of human development on HWB and the effects of biodiversity conservation on HWB.
Distribution and habitat use by Musk Deer (Muschos crysogaster) in Wangchuck Centennial National Park.
