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Dock areas within competence of Port of Split Authority. Source: Port of Split Authority, 2019.
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The introduction of a Port Community System (PCS) is identified as one of the key elements facilitating seaport development. In this paper, the analysis of seaport stakeholders and Maritime Single Window systems in Croatia is performed, including NSW (National Single Window), MNSW (Maritime National Single Window: CIMIS - Croatian Integrated Mariti...
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... to the latest available data from year 2019, the Port of Split was the leading passenger port in the Republic of Croatia, with over 5.6 million passengers, and was the 3rd port in the tonnage of handled cargo (Port of Split Authority, 2020). The Port of Split operates in diverse and dislocated basins and several dock areas, as shown in the following Figure 1. In 2017, using the cargo handling piers of the Split basin area, 3,136,347 tons of cargo were handled, which is a 14% increase in relation to the weight of goods handled in 2016. ...
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... All port stakeholders experience positive effects of PCSs, particularly in terms of connectivity and information exchange, speed, efficiency and quality of service execution, as well as accessibility, security and information quality [20]. In this context, the IT system for port communication consists of three levels: hardware, application components and communication links [21]. Caldeirinha et al. [7] emphasise the role of PCSs in data exchange between the port and port community stakeholders to achieve terminal automation. ...
This paper addresses the highly topical issue of the digitalisation of the port community through the development of advanced port communication systems (PCSs). The efficient and sustainable operation of container terminals (CTs) plays a key role in global trade and in ensuring the sustainable functioning of transport chains. While larger container terminals utilise PCSs, smaller container terminals often face challenges when implementing similar systems due to resource constraints and unique operational characteristics. This research analyses the impact of PCSs on the operational processes and information exchange between the smaller CT in the Port of Koper and the local port community. The aim of this study is to identify the possibilities of upgrading PCSs with modern information technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchains, internet-of-things (IoT), etc., that will lead to more efficient execution of operational processes, reduced congestion and a lower carbon footprint for the port community as a whole. The paper provides guidelines for the possible coordinated development of PCSs in the Northern Adriatic to ensure the most harmonised operation of stakeholders in different ports or CTs.
... The latest CIMISNet specification was drawn up in mid-2021. The third project is a Port Community System, still under implementation in 2022, and is identified as one of the key elements facilitating seaport development [47]. The development costs of the Port of Rijeka PCS are around 1.5 mil. ...
In this research, the authors aimed to investigate the factors affecting the competitiveness of container seaports and apply the research results to the case study of the Port of Rijeka. The previous related research on the topic of the Port of Rijeka is valuable, however, the seaport competitiveness factors were not elaborated in detail, which also represents a research gap. As a first step, the authors identified the competitiveness factors influencing container seaports, using the literature review method. Further, the authors conducted the case study of the Port of Rijeka, using the following identified competitiveness factors: the port’s geographical location, feeder connection, and maritime connectivity, infrastructure and superstructure of the container terminal, berth length, depth of the port and port area characteristics, road and railway infrastructure, port reputation, costs, customs procedure efficiency, and ICT systems. Finally, the authors propose measures to improve the competitiveness of the Port of Rijeka. The presented case study could be used as a reference point for similar container seaports, which are aware of their limited resources, but need to increase their efficiency and competitiveness.
El propósito del presente artículo es analizar el funcionamiento y organización de los puertos en el derecho marítimo internacional, especialmente a la luz de la prevención de la corrupción y el combate de la corrupción asociada al crimen organizado transnacional. En vista de ello, en la primera parte de este artículo se analiza el concepto de “puertos” caracterizado por modelos de titularidades diversas (titularidad pública, titularidad privada y titularidad híbrida-mixta) bajo la luz de un fuerte movimiento hacia su privatización y liberalización en los últimos años, así como la noción de "empresas virtuales". Ante ello, el estudio aborda los conceptos antes mencionados, proporcionando una base teórica para su posterior análisis. En la segunda parte, se aborda el problema relacionado con las actividades de los grupos de crimen organizado transnacional, así como las respuestas de la comunidad internacional contra este problema. También se analizan los instrumentos internacionales adoptados por la Organización Marítima Internacional como el Código PBIP, la Guía sobre Protección Marítima y el Código PBIP, así como el Repertorio de recomendaciones prácticas OMI-OIT sobre protección en los puertos. El estudio aborda también el papel transcendental de las aduanas y el Control del Estado Rector de Puerto en el contexto mencionado. Finalmente, el artículo apoya su análisis en un estudio del caso mexicano y la reforma del año 2021 del traspaso de la administración marítima de la jurisdicción civil a la militar con el objetivo principal de combatir el problema de la corrupción en ella. En conclusión, se formulan algunas recomendaciones indiciarias para el caso colombiano hechas con el objetivo de mejorar la situación en los puertos relacionada tanto con la operación de los grupos de crimen organizado transnacional, como con la corrupción interna
El objetivo general de la investigación fue clasificar los sistemas portuarios para la competitividad por criterios de implementación, continentes e indicadores de competitividad funcional portuaria. Se usó el enfoque cualitativo y fue de tipo aplicado. El diseño de la investigación narrativo temático debido a la variedad de información utilizada en los documentos de referencia basados en el tema de la clasificación de los sistemas portuarios para la competitividad. Se diseñó una clasificación con 18 criterios evaluando su cumplimiento en los diferentes sistemas portuarios a partir de la literatura revisada. También se clasificaron por nivel de implantación, por países en los que se han implantado y por indicadores de competitividad portuaria La comunidad portuaria y el sistema de identificación automática están enfocados a mejorar el flujo de información, mientras que el sistema de operación de terminales, el sistema de puertas automatizadas y el sistema de citas para camiones están enfocados a optimizar las operaciones realizadas en los puertos En la clasificación de los sistemas portuarios por nivel de implantación, se detallaron cuatro niveles, desde el primer nivel, en el que sólo hay una transformación digital individual y en el que los sistemas mejoran los procesos internos, hasta el último nivel en el que se integra absolutamente todo y hay una sustitución completa de los procesos en papel por procesos electrónicos a través de sistemas y tecnologías
The general objective of the research was to classify port systems for competitiveness by implementation criteria, continents and port functional competitiveness indicators. This research used the qualitative approach and was applied. The thematic narrative research design due to the variety of information used in reference documents based on the topic of classifying port systems for competitiveness. A classification with 18 criteria was constructed by evaluating their fulfillment in the different port systems based on the literature reviewed. They were also classified by level of implementation, by countries in which they have been implemented, and by port competitiveness indicators. The port community and the automatic identification system are focused on improving the flow of information, while the terminal operation system, the automated gate system and the truck appointment system are focused on optimizing the operations performed at ports.
The paper examines operations that take place at the sea container terminal in the context of a unified system of information exchange between participants in intermodal cargo transportation. The study aims to formalize the cargo handling process at the sea container terminal through the temporal logic apparatus, which allows for the distribution of the processes necessary for the cargo lots forwarding formalities at the seaport terminal, according to causal relationships in time. The urgency of the work is explained by the rapid development of containerization and the growing demand for transportation in intermodal transport units from the side of cargo owners. The feasibility of implementing "single window" systems for intermodal transportation is confirmed by the complexity of such transportation systems: the presence of several types of transportation, the requirement of a high degree of integration of transportation participants, and strict time constraints. The practical significance of the presented formalization provides an idea of the cargo handling algorithm, contributes to the qualitative formulation of the task of designing software solutions for information exchange at container terminals that shorten the cargo handling process by simplifying the document flow.
This paper researches the role of the port authorities in port governance, and the role of the port authorities in Port Community System implementation. The authors provide the theoretical frameworks of seaports, port authorities, port governance, and Port Community Systems. The literature review was carried out using the Web of Science database and additional relevant sources. The authors concluded that although different port governance models exist (regarding the type of port authority), there is no evidence as to which governance model is universally preferable, as it is specific to each seaport. In addition, the research has shown that port authorities play a very important role in the implementation of a Port Community System, increasing the sustainability of seaport operations. Its implementation enables the port authorities to evolve into real digital hubs and neutral data managers, which ultimately leads to the optimization of seaport processes and more efficient use of transport infrastructure.
