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Diversity of flowers in Cypella (A-Z) and related genera (A'-D'). A, C. Alonsoana. B, C. aquatilis. C, C. armosa. D, C. aurinegra. E, C. charruana. F, C. discolor. G, C. exilis. H, C. fucata. I. C. gloriana. J, C. guttata. K, C. Herbertii subsp. reflexa. L, C. laeta. M, C. lapidosa. N, C. laxa. O, C. luteogibbosa. P, C. magnicristata. Q, C. Osteniana. R, C. parviflora. S, C. pusilla. T, C. Ravenniana. U, C. rivularis. V, C. suffusa. W, C. trimontina. X, C. uliginosa. Y, C. Hauthalii. Z, C. opalina subsp. opalina. A', Kelissa brasiliensis. B', Onira unguiculata. C', Phalocallis geniculata. D', Phalocallis oreophila.
![Figure 2. Cypella curuzupensis. A, neotypus from FCQ [FCQ0038133]. B,...](publication/349207861/figure/fig2/AS:990162066604032@1613084441444/Cypella-curuzupensis-A-neotypus-from-FCQ-FCQ0038133-B-isoneotypus-from-FCQ_Q320.jpg)
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... two-flowered spathes are found also in C. Osteniana, but the latter can be easily identified by its smaller flowers and white perigone. Figure 1B. Geographic distribution and habitat-Southern Brazil (Central and Northern RS, SC, PR) and northeast Argentina (MI). ...
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... during the analyses of exsiccates at FCQ herbarium, was examined the collection Mereles & Soloaga 7539, which was collected near to place indicated in the protologue of C. curuzupensis (according to information provided by Lídia Perez Molas), and displays several flowers and morphologic attributes in accordance to original description of C. curuzupensis, being selected as neotype. Figure 1F. ...
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... exilis is similar to C. armosa and C. lapidosa but can be distinguished by its flowers with orange perigone, often with a central macula extend longitudinally along the outer blade (visible even in dry material), and abaxial crest of style branch with margin entire (see additional comments in Deble 2017 Figure 1I. Geographic distribution and habitat-Micro-endemic in center-western RS State, Brazil. ...
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... Deble, A.S. de Oliveira & F.S. Alves 14991 (holotypus MVFA!, isotypi SI!, ICN!). Figure 1J. Geographic distribution and habitat-Southwest RS State, Brazil, and Artigas and Rivera departments, northern Uruguay, alongside the oriental portion of the Basin of Quaraí River. ...
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... F. Ravenna & G. Hatschbach 1008 (lectotypus K [K000322475] image seen!). Figure 1N. Geographic distribution and habitat-A common species in Brazil (RS, SC, PR, MS, southern SP), northeast Argentina (CR, MI) and southern and eastern Paraguay. ...
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... Grande do Sul: Quaraí, "28 km ao sul do trevo para o Passo da Guarda", 19.X.2010, fl., fr., L. P. Deble & A. S. de Oliveira-Deble 10265 (holotypus PACA!). Figure 1O. Geographic distribution and habitat-Endemic in southwest RS State, Brazil, and Artigas Department, Northern Uruguay. ...
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... concavity few deep and wider), and smaller style (13-17 mm vs. 18-23 mm). Additional attributes to distinguish both species are listed in the Figure 1Q. Geographic distribution and Habitat-Cypella Osteniana occurs on stony grasslands and hillsides stony in southern and eastern Uruguay. ...
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... crests length (mm) 4-5.5 2.5-5 0.1-1.5 (-2) Figure 1R. Geographic distribution and Habitat-Cypella parviflora occurs in northeastern CR Province, Argentina. ...
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... C. guttata, this species is separated mainly by its shorter and broader leaves, flowers with perigone not painted, outer tepal blades short and slightly patent, and seeds with epidermis shaped like a honeycomb. Figure 1S. Geographic distribution and Habitat-C. ...
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... P. Deble & F. S. Alves 15505 (holotypus SI!, isotypi CTES!, ICN, MVFA!). Figure 1T. ...
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... species resembles C. suffusa, but can be separated by its short pedunculate spathes, containing only one flower, by shape of the central concavity of perigone, larger and less deep, by absence of conspicuous purple stains in the middle portion of the outer blade of the tepal, and by stamens with filaments not adhered to style in the proximal half. Figure 1U. Geographic distribution and Habitat-Cypella rivularis occurs in southwest RS State, Brazil and northwest Artigas Department, Uruguay. ...
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... Peralta et al. [= F. Biganzoli 830 et al.] (holotypus SI!, isotypus CTES!). Figure 1V. Geographic distribution and Habitat-Narrowly endemic in northeast Argentina (central region of MI Province). ...
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... C. suffusa can be distinguished by its golden-yellow flowers, bigger size of perigone, shape of inner tepals and stamens with filaments more thickened and yellow. Figure 1W. Geographic distribution and Habitat-Northeast Argentina (central-eastern region of CR Province). ...
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... Provincial Route 114, close to the "Bañado Guaviravi", in boggy land, flowers pale-yellow, 29° 10' 07,15'' S, 56° 42' 51,30'' W, 22-XII-2014 (fl., fr.), L. P. Deble & F. S. Alves 15181 (holotypus SI!, isotypus MVFA!). Figure 1X. Geographic distribution and habitat-Northeastern Argentina (Provinces of ER and CR), and Southern Paraguay (Deble & Alves, unp. ...
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... Sellow 1370 (B image seen!). Figure 1A'. Comments-Cypella brasiliensis was a name proposed by Roitman & Castillo (2007); however, the style columnar, filiform, and without crests at top, being hidden by the stamens, and the stamens with connected filaments, forming a column which enclosing the style is very distinct and not agree with found in Cypella. ...
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... Chauveau et al. (2012) in an important contribution for knowledge of the generic boundaries of Iridaceae family demonstrated the evolutionary trends in the flowers of the subfamily Iridoideae in the New World genera, and proved that the tribe Tigridieae is segregated into two large clades and Hesperoxiphion Baker, Larentia Klatt and Phalocallis belong to Trigridieae A, while Cypella belongs to Tigridieae B. In this same study, Cypella was recognized as polyphyletic and Cypella Hauthalii (Kuntze) Foster, Kelissa brasiliensis (Baker) Ravenna and Onira unguiculata (Baker) Ravenna are in a phylogenetic group distinct from the other Cypella species. Deble et al. (2012Deble et al. ( , 2015aDeble et al. ( , 2015b and Deble & Alves (2017, 2020 mentioned that the recognition of sections Cypella and Naïs is useful for distinguishing the main species groups within Cypella, and only Cypella Hauthalii, C. opalina (Ravenna) Deble and Cypella craterantha Ravenna cannot be subordinated to none of these sections. In two recent studies, Deble & Alves (2020) and Deble (2021b) demonstrated that anatomical and morphological attributes such as roots, bulbs, shape of the spathe valves and leafy-anatomy corroborate the molecular data found by Chauveau et al. (2012) and, therefore, Kelissa and Onira were considered independent genera of Cypella, while Cypella Hauthalii and C. opalina were treated as uncertain position within Cypella. ...
... Deble et al. (2012Deble et al. ( , 2015aDeble et al. ( , 2015b and Deble & Alves (2017, 2020 mentioned that the recognition of sections Cypella and Naïs is useful for distinguishing the main species groups within Cypella, and only Cypella Hauthalii, C. opalina (Ravenna) Deble and Cypella craterantha Ravenna cannot be subordinated to none of these sections. In two recent studies, Deble & Alves (2020) and Deble (2021b) demonstrated that anatomical and morphological attributes such as roots, bulbs, shape of the spathe valves and leafy-anatomy corroborate the molecular data found by Chauveau et al. (2012) and, therefore, Kelissa and Onira were considered independent genera of Cypella, while Cypella Hauthalii and C. opalina were treated as uncertain position within Cypella. ...
... It is possible to recognize some distinctive characteristics, which may be characteristic of a certain genus, as is the case with cauline leaf.For example, in Cipura, Eleutherine and Larentia the cauline leaf is single and well developed, often exceeding the length of the inflorescence (Ravenna 1988, Ravenna 2003, Ravenna 2009, Celis et al. 2003. In Cypella, on the contrary, the stem leaf is poorly developed and the upper cauline leaves are often bracteiform, although the stem leaf may be unique in some species (as Cypella pusilla and C. gloriana) and the inflorescence is fascicular, resembling the inflorescence of the genera Cipura and Larentia (Deble & Alves 2020). In Misionella, the flowering branch is similar to that found in the genera Herbertia, Kelissa and Onira, as it is generally short and branched only in the inflorescence, and the cauline leaf is single, flaccid and well developed, from which depart one or several pedicels of the spathes. ...
It is proposed the new genus Misionella belonging to the tribe Tigridieae. Misionella is closely related to thegenera Cypella, Kelissa and Onira, and vegetative and anatomically also resembles Herbertia. Misionella isconstituted by two species, Misionella Hauthalii and Misionella opalina (with two subspecies: opalina andminuticristata). Misionella is endemic on grassland areas occurring in northeast Argentina (Corrientes andMisiones provinces), center and northwestern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil and southern Paraguay (Itapuãand Paraguari departments ). The genus Misionella is taxonomically revised, and its species are described andillustrated in detail and its geographic distribution is represented on a map. Data on etymology, geographicdistribution, habitat, phenology, conservation, uses and vernacular names are provided, as well as discussionsof taxonomic relationships of Misionella with related taxa. A dichotomous key for distinguishing the genera ofIridaceae-Tigridieae from South America is presented.
... En los últimos diez años de vida, Ravenna no divulgó mas artículos y pocas personas tuvieron contacto con él, conforme fue posible constatar durante algunas tentativas de contactarlo con el objeto de revisar los tipos depositados en su herbario particular, dada la necesidad de revisar taxones, principalmente durante la revisión del género Cypella (Iridaceae) 32 (Deble 2017, 2021a, Deble & Alves 2017a, 2017b, 2020a, 2020b, Deble et al. 2012a, 2012b, 2012c., 2015a, 2015b, 2021a, De Baltezán et al. 2019, y otras iridáceas como Calydorea (Deble 2011, Deble et al. 2016 y Herbertia Sweet (Deble 2010, 2021b, Deble & Alves 2013. Todos estos estudios se desarrollaron con varias salidas de campo junto con Fabiano Alves 33 . ...
Durante los últimos meses he estado buscando información y ayuda para sacar a la luz el obituario de Pedro Felix [Pierfelice] Ravenna, uno de los botánicos más importantes de la segunda mitad del siglo XX y principios del XXI. Su trabajo no se limitó al análisis de ejemplares de herbario, sino también a numerosas excursiones principalmente por América, que dieron como resultado la descripción de nuevos taxones, principalmente de Alliaceae , Amaryllidaceae e Iridaceae, como así también otras monocotiledóneas (Agavaceae, Bromeliaceae, Gilliesiaceae, Herreriaceae, Hyacianthaceae, Icacinaceae, Liliaceae, Maranthaceae, Orchidaceae, Tecophyllaceae, Velloziaceae) y dicotiledóneas (Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Bombacaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Valerianaceae, Verbenaceae). Además de eso, también contribuyó con floras regionales de la Argentina, Chile, Paraguay y Brasil. También cabe destacar la reciente publicación póstuma de <Flora Ilustrada de Entre Ríos, Argentina> (Familia Iridaceae y parte de Amaryllidaceae) 2. Mi más sincero agradecimiento por la información brindada al ingeniero agrónomo y botánico chileno Jorge Macaya-Berti, quien por motivos personales no pudo participar en la elaboración conjunta del texto según el propósito inicial, y a mi amigo personal, uno de los más virtuosos botánicos argentinos de la actualidad Héctor Alejandro Keller, por su ayuda con la traducción del texto al español, la lectura crítica y sobre todo con la resolución de partes del manuscrito y especialmente con la estructuración de la parte final del texto, que consideré muy apropiada. El texto presentado, que sigue el orden cronológico de las publicaciones de Ravenna, es desarrollado mediante comentarios y enriquecido con notas al pie de página. Estas últimas son secuenciales y siguen dos patrones: comentarios adicionales y nota del autor. El primero presenta información adicional sobre el texto, mientras que el segundo proporciona comentarios personales hechos por mí sobre temas específicos.
... O gênero Phalocallis, objeto do presente estudo, compreende entre três e cinco espécies bulbosas sul-americanas de pequenas ervas de folhas plicadas e flores arroxeadas a violeta-azuladas, com unguículos marrons e manchas amarelas nas tépalas externas (Ravenna 2003, Deble & Alves 2020. Phalocallis coelestis (Lehm.) ...
... Embora o conjunto das Iridaceae forme indiscutivelmente um grupo natural, trata-se de uma família complexa do ponto de vista taxonômico, onde muitas questões internas, como a validade e os limites de alguns gêneros e grupos superiores, permanecem indefinidas ou pouco claras, apesar de diversas contribuições recentes que tratam aspectos morfológicos e moleculares , Chauveau et al. 2012, Pastori et al. 2018, Deble & Alves 2020, Pastori et al. 2021. Estudos adicionais, como os de Anatomia Foliar, podem auxiliar na resolução destas questões, motivo pelo qual se justifica plenamente a realização deste trabalho, que pretende descrever em detalhe a anatomia da folha de duas espécies nativas de Iridaceae pertencentes ao gênero Phalocallis. ...
ocorrência natural no Brasil. As características anatômicas observadas estão dentro das possibilidades estruturais da tribo Tigridieae e família Iridaceae. Tanto a identificação das espécies quanto o reconhecimento do gênero e sua separação da maioria dos demais integrantes nativos de Tigridieae mostraram-se possíveis. Para o reconhecimento do gênero, destacam-se as seguintes características: folhas plicadas, ocorrência de grande quantidade de esclerênquima lignificado no interior das nervuras de maior calibre e ausência de fibras deslignificadas na extremidade das folhas. Para a separação das espécies, salienta-se a forma e orientação das células parenquimáticas, a presença ou não de fibras lignificadas no lado do xilema das grandes nervuras, bem como a quantidade de pequenos feixes vasculares existente entre eles.
... Cypella Herbert es un género de la tribu Tigridieae de la familia Iridaceae con 31 especies y cinco subespecies reconocidas, que habitan casi que exclusivamente en los pastizales del sureste de América del Sur (Deble & Alves, 2020). El número de taxones válidos puede cambiar de acuerdo con las distintas interpretaciones de los límites genéricos de Cypella que es dado por diferentes autores. ...
The genus Cypella is studied for the Uruguayan Flora. Based in revision of Herbaria and collections sampling were recognized 13 species and five subspecies for the country: C. alonsoana, C. aurinegra subsp. aurinegra, C. aurinegra subsp. albipurpurata, C. charruana, C. discolor, C. exilis, C. fucata, C. guttata, C. herbertii subsp. herbertii, C. herbertii subsp. brevicristata, C. herbertii subsp. reflexa, C. laeta, C. laxa, C. luteogibbosa, C. osteniana and C. rivularis. Cypella aurinegra subsp. albipurpurata comprises a new subspecies endemic in rocky place, on Mountain Range in Cerro Largo Department, Northeast Uruguay. Cypella laxa is a new record for the country. It is supplied dichotomous key, descriptions, material examined, comments and photos for all taxa identified. Furthermore, ecological data, conservation status, excluded species and other taxa with possible occurrence in Uruguay are listed.
... they considered this species as conspecific with C. exilis, based on the darker central line of the outer tepals and the overlapping measures of the floral parts. Even with the lectotype being a complete exsiccate,Eggers et al. (2019) considered C. exilis doubtful, butDeble & Alves (2020) maintained this species as the valid name for C. amplimaculata. With the addition of a new species for the same region of occurrence of C. exilis, a new analysis of the type of this species was necessary. ...
... Thus, it was verified that the lectotype of C. exilis displays anthers of 6.8 mm long, with connective of 0.9-1 mm, and staminal filaments with ca. 3 mm. The characteristics of the type of C. exilis, including the measurements of the floral parts, leave no doubt about the maintenance of C. amplimaculata as a synonym for C. exilis, as already indicated in previous works(Deble & Alves 2017b, Deble 2017, Deble & Alves 2020 ...
... The genus Cypella Herbert (1826Herbert ( : pl. 2637 comprises 32 species of bulbous plant with pleated leaves (Deble & Alves 2020, Deble 2021, almost totally confined to complex of grasslands ecosystems of Río de La Plata (RPG), the most extensive area of grasslands in Southeastern South America (Azpiroz et al. 2012). Cypella displays a meaningful number of endemic species, several of them threatened and having reduced geographic distribution. ...
... Cypella displays a meaningful number of endemic species, several of them threatened and having reduced geographic distribution. All species with reduced geographic range occur in environments with specific characteristics, and depending on the species, the bulbs develop since moist soils to cleft in the rocks; however, in the same species, there is usually no variation in occurrence and habitat conditions (Deble & Alves 2020, Deble 2021. ...
... The first-one species is endemic in the base and slope of hill Cerro da Glória, São Vicente do Sul municipality, central Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), Brazil (Deble et al. 2015b). The second species, is registered on the base of the hills of Jarau locality, Quaraí municipality, and on Caverá mountainous range, Santana do Livramento municipality, both places in southwest RS (Deble et al. 2012, Deble & Alves 2020, while C. trimontina is one of the rarest and poorly known species of Cypella, registered only in the hills of Paraje Tres Cerros, Corrientes province, Argentina (Ravenna 2009, Cajade et al. 2013a, Deble et al. 2015a, 2015b. ...
Neste estudo é descrita e ilustrada a anatomia foliar de três espécies sul-rio-grandenses de Calydorea. As características observadas concordam, em linhas gerais, com as possibilidades estruturais referidas para o gênero, salientando-se: folhas ramificadas em vista transversal (foliadas sensu Rudall), com extremidades fibrosas; epiderme uniestratificada, com células buliformes e estômatos nas duas faces; mesofilo homogêneo, sem grandes espaços intercelulares; feixes vasculares colaterais, com diferentes graus de desenvolvimento, dispostos alternadamente em uma única fileira central; esclerênquima marginal subepidérmico deslignificado, não associado às nervuras; e presença de estiloides. Este conjunto de caracteres é comum também a outros gêneros de Cipurinae (Tigridieae), o que reforça as relações de parentesco dentro do grupo. A ausência de caracteres exclusivos, no entanto, não permite a identificação de Calydorea, nem a sua separação da maioria dos demais integrantes da referida subtribo. Tampouco possibilita o seu reconhecimento ou não como um grupo natural. Particularidades na anatomia das três espécies foram observadas, embora com ressalvas.
The Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) biogeographic province parallels the Pacific Ocean from the state of Jalisco to Oaxaca and Puebla. The area is very complex tectonically and geologically and harbors the highest number of vascular and endemic plant species in Mexico. Here, we describe Tigridia nana as a new species in this province. Furthermore, during the revision of herbaria and digital collections, we created a database to provide a biogeographical analysis of Tigridieae in the SMS. Morphologically, T . nana pertains to Tigridia subgenus Tigridia . The nectary has secretory trichomes that extend across the inner tepal, the base of the much reduced limb inflexes, and then covers it. Tigridia nana is endemic to Oaxaca coexisting in the SMS with 34 other species of Tigridieae. The group is very diverse in the state of Oaxaca, with the species richness and endemism concentrated in the Oaxacan Highlands district. The pine-oak forest harbors the greatest species richness. Our findings coincide with the species richness and endemicity values of some other plant groups in the SMS.
Taxonomic review of the genus Kelissa Ravenna (Iridaceae) A taxonomic review of the genus Kelissa is carried out. This genus is constituted by a single species, Kelissa brasiliensis, endemic to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Kelissa brasiliensis prospers in mountainous regions associated with grasslands, mainly in the southeastern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, but with populations extending to the central and western regions of the state. Kelissa brasiliensis is described and illustrated in detail and its geographic distribution is represented on a map. Data on etymology, geographic distribution, habitat, phenology, conservation, uses and vernacular names are provided, as well as discussions of taxonomic relationships of Kelissa with related taxa. A dichotomous key for distinguishing the genera of Iridaceae-Tigridieae from South America is presented. Key Words: Pampa Biome, Grasslands, Cypelloid, Tigridieae.
Survey on the tribe Tigridieae (Iridaceae) in the Campos of Southeast South America (SESA Grasslands). Iridaceae is one of the largest families of monocots and is an important constituent of grassland ecosystems across the globe. The tribe Tigridieae is exclusive to the Americas, with an important center of diversity in the Andean region, in the Campos of Southeast South America, in Mexico and in the southern United States. In this study, a survey of the Iridaceae-Tigridieae native to the Grassland Ecosystems of Southeast South America (=SESA Grasslands) is carried out. The SESA was divided into four regions: Campos, Campos de Altitude, Chaco Húmedo and Pampa. The Iridaceae-Tigridieae are represented by a total of 65 species (including ten subspecies), distributed in ten genera. The genus Cypella with 30 species and eight subspecies is the most diverse, followed by Calydorea (13 species), Herbertia (11 species) and Gelasine (four species and two subspecies). A total of 87% of the taxa occurring in the SESA are endemic, most of them exclusive to the Campos region, which includes 54 taxonomic entities, of which 41 taxa are endemic The Campos de Altitude region is represented by 15 taxa, including six endemic species. The Pampa region includes six taxonomic entities, being one of them endemic. The Chaco Húmedo region comprises five species, none of which are exclusive to the latter region. Key words: Bulbous, Grasslands, High Grasslands, Humid Chaco, Geographic distribution, diversity, Pampa.
