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Diversity of Andean berries belonging to Ericales. A. Cavendishia punctata. B. Clethra ovalifolia. C. Clethra retivenia. D. Disterigma synanthum. E. Disterigma ecuadorense. F. Gaultheria secunda. G. Gaultheria sp. 01. H. Gaultheria sp. 02. I. Gaultheria sp. 03. J. Thibaudia angustifolia. K. Thibaudia moricandi. L. Thibaudia ovalifolia. M. Thibaudia obovata. N. Vaccinium meridionale. O. Vaccinium mathewsii. P. Vaccinium floribundum.
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More than 12,000 species have been listed under the category of berries, and most of them belong to the orders Ericales and Rosales. Recent phylogenetic studies using molecular data have revealed disagreements with morphological approaches mainly due to diverse floral arrangements, which has proven to be a problem when recognizing species. Therefor...
Contexts in source publication
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... two subgenera were distinguished by glands without flexible bristles (Orobatus) and inflorescences in panicle or subracemose forms (Rubus). In the subgenera Orobatus ( Figure 11); R. andicola (KUELAP-254) was characterized by elongated branches, spines with short, curved and compressed trichomes, with leaves pubescent on the underside ( Figure 11C); R. glabratus (KUELAP-261) by having pink-rose petals and reddish-orange immature fruits ( Figure 11A); R. lechleri (KUELAP-258) by its bristly pubescence on the back sides of leaves and purple petals ( Figure 11E); R. sparsiflorus (KUELAP-260) by the presence of flowers in dense clusters, crepe-like petals and a pink corolla ( Figure 11B); and R. weberbaueri (KUELAP-257) by having veins and spines on the back sides of the leaves, magenta flowers, and black fruits ( Figure 11D, Table 11). Genetically, R. weberbaueri and R. lechleri were sister species, differing by 1.0% for rbcL and 0.2% for ITS. ...
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... two subgenera were distinguished by glands without flexible bristles (Orobatus) and inflorescences in panicle or subracemose forms (Rubus). In the subgenera Orobatus ( Figure 11); R. andicola (KUELAP-254) was characterized by elongated branches, spines with short, curved and compressed trichomes, with leaves pubescent on the underside ( Figure 11C); R. glabratus (KUELAP-261) by having pink-rose petals and reddish-orange immature fruits ( Figure 11A); R. lechleri (KUELAP-258) by its bristly pubescence on the back sides of leaves and purple petals ( Figure 11E); R. sparsiflorus (KUELAP-260) by the presence of flowers in dense clusters, crepe-like petals and a pink corolla ( Figure 11B); and R. weberbaueri (KUELAP-257) by having veins and spines on the back sides of the leaves, magenta flowers, and black fruits ( Figure 11D, Table 11). Genetically, R. weberbaueri and R. lechleri were sister species, differing by 1.0% for rbcL and 0.2% for ITS. ...
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... two subgenera were distinguished by glands without flexible bristles (Orobatus) and inflorescences in panicle or subracemose forms (Rubus). In the subgenera Orobatus ( Figure 11); R. andicola (KUELAP-254) was characterized by elongated branches, spines with short, curved and compressed trichomes, with leaves pubescent on the underside ( Figure 11C); R. glabratus (KUELAP-261) by having pink-rose petals and reddish-orange immature fruits ( Figure 11A); R. lechleri (KUELAP-258) by its bristly pubescence on the back sides of leaves and purple petals ( Figure 11E); R. sparsiflorus (KUELAP-260) by the presence of flowers in dense clusters, crepe-like petals and a pink corolla ( Figure 11B); and R. weberbaueri (KUELAP-257) by having veins and spines on the back sides of the leaves, magenta flowers, and black fruits ( Figure 11D, Table 11). Genetically, R. weberbaueri and R. lechleri were sister species, differing by 1.0% for rbcL and 0.2% for ITS. ...
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... two subgenera were distinguished by glands without flexible bristles (Orobatus) and inflorescences in panicle or subracemose forms (Rubus). In the subgenera Orobatus ( Figure 11); R. andicola (KUELAP-254) was characterized by elongated branches, spines with short, curved and compressed trichomes, with leaves pubescent on the underside ( Figure 11C); R. glabratus (KUELAP-261) by having pink-rose petals and reddish-orange immature fruits ( Figure 11A); R. lechleri (KUELAP-258) by its bristly pubescence on the back sides of leaves and purple petals ( Figure 11E); R. sparsiflorus (KUELAP-260) by the presence of flowers in dense clusters, crepe-like petals and a pink corolla ( Figure 11B); and R. weberbaueri (KUELAP-257) by having veins and spines on the back sides of the leaves, magenta flowers, and black fruits ( Figure 11D, Table 11). Genetically, R. weberbaueri and R. lechleri were sister species, differing by 1.0% for rbcL and 0.2% for ITS. ...
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... two subgenera were distinguished by glands without flexible bristles (Orobatus) and inflorescences in panicle or subracemose forms (Rubus). In the subgenera Orobatus ( Figure 11); R. andicola (KUELAP-254) was characterized by elongated branches, spines with short, curved and compressed trichomes, with leaves pubescent on the underside ( Figure 11C); R. glabratus (KUELAP-261) by having pink-rose petals and reddish-orange immature fruits ( Figure 11A); R. lechleri (KUELAP-258) by its bristly pubescence on the back sides of leaves and purple petals ( Figure 11E); R. sparsiflorus (KUELAP-260) by the presence of flowers in dense clusters, crepe-like petals and a pink corolla ( Figure 11B); and R. weberbaueri (KUELAP-257) by having veins and spines on the back sides of the leaves, magenta flowers, and black fruits ( Figure 11D, Table 11). Genetically, R. weberbaueri and R. lechleri were sister species, differing by 1.0% for rbcL and 0.2% for ITS. ...
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... two subgenera were distinguished by glands without flexible bristles (Orobatus) and inflorescences in panicle or subracemose forms (Rubus). In the subgenera Orobatus ( Figure 11); R. andicola (KUELAP-254) was characterized by elongated branches, spines with short, curved and compressed trichomes, with leaves pubescent on the underside ( Figure 11C); R. glabratus (KUELAP-261) by having pink-rose petals and reddish-orange immature fruits ( Figure 11A); R. lechleri (KUELAP-258) by its bristly pubescence on the back sides of leaves and purple petals ( Figure 11E); R. sparsiflorus (KUELAP-260) by the presence of flowers in dense clusters, crepe-like petals and a pink corolla ( Figure 11B); and R. weberbaueri (KUELAP-257) by having veins and spines on the back sides of the leaves, magenta flowers, and black fruits ( Figure 11D, Table 11). Genetically, R. weberbaueri and R. lechleri were sister species, differing by 1.0% for rbcL and 0.2% for ITS. ...
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... in the subgenus Rubus, R. floribundus (KUELAP-255) was recognized as a sister species to R. robustus, and both differed by 0.9% for the ITS. R. floribundus had dense inflorescences with pyramidal-shaped paniculata extraaxillaris that tapered toward the lower branches ( Figure 11F). These species were sister to the clade composed of R. adenothallus (KUELAP-256) and R. loxensis (KUELAP-259). ...
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... species were sister to the clade composed of R. adenothallus (KUELAP-256) and R. loxensis (KUELAP-259). R. loxensis had creeping-climbing stems and slightly ovate petals and sepals ( Figure 11G), whereas R. adenothallus was Table 4. Evolutionary models for phylogenetic analyses of specimens from Ericales and Rosales. characterized by small greenish-white flowers and elongated red-black baya ( Figure 11H). ...
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... loxensis had creeping-climbing stems and slightly ovate petals and sepals ( Figure 11G), whereas R. adenothallus was Table 4. Evolutionary models for phylogenetic analyses of specimens from Ericales and Rosales. characterized by small greenish-white flowers and elongated red-black baya ( Figure 11H). R. adenothallus and R. loxensis differed by 0.3% for rbcL ( Figures S15, S16, S17). ...
Citations
... In South America, various berries are distributed and grow wild. There are species such as the tree grape (Myrciaria cauliflora), small blackberry (Rubus spp.), agraz (Vaccinium meridionale), blueberry (Vaccinium corimbosum), arazá (Psidium cattleianum), jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora), Cavendishia spp., Disterigma spp., and coral blueberry or motilón (Hyeronima macrocarpa) [1][2][3]. This type of fruit is small, round, and characterized by having an intense red or violet color, with strong flavors, slight acidity, sweet tones, and widespread acceptability as a nutraceutical [4]. ...
... The change in absorbance was recorded at two wavelengths (530 nm and 700 nm) in a Multiskan Spectrum spectrophotometer (Thermo-Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The total anthocyanin content was calculated using Equation (1), and cyanidin-3-glucoside was used as a reference. The amount of total anthocyanins in the extracts was expressed as milligrams equivalent of cyanidin-3-glucoside/100 g of pulp [72]. ...
This study investigated the effect of different storage temperatures (35-55 °C) on the bio-active substances and antioxidant properties of Hyeronima macrocarpa berries loaded on nanocellu-lose. NC was extracted from banana pseudo-stems and presented an interesting surface and poros-ity properties. The acidified ethanol extract showed better anthocyanin extraction (1317 mg C3G eq./100 g FW) and was used for the preparation of the powdered product, which presented an intense and uniform magenta color, with CIELAB parameters of L* = 59.16, a* = 35.61, and b* = 7.08. The powder exhibited significant stability at storage temperatures of 35 and 45 °C, in which there was no significant loss of anthocyanins or a decrease in antioxidant capacity. In addition, the color was stable for up to 4 months without adding any preservative agent. The anthocyanin-rich extract of H. macrocarpa reached an estimated shelf-life of 315 days (stored at 35 °C), as a result of the im-pregnation process between the extract and NC, with the ability to protect the bioactives from degradation , due to NC surface properties.
Berries consumption is on the rise due to consumer awareness of their health benefits.
Berries are abundant in polyphenols and phenolic compounds, which include phenolic acids, tannins, stilbenes, and flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanones, flavones and flavanols). Several in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as controlled clinical trials, indicated their consumption could improve health by exerting antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antilipidemia, antiinsulinemia, and antihypertensive effects against cancer, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Berries are presently regarded as functional foods with prebiotics effects to benefit the gut microbiota and improve overall health. This chapter will discuss the current research on berries and their potential health benefits.
The Peruvian Andes are the natural habitat of several wild blackberry species that are little known and exploited due to the lack of technological and scientific development to support their agricultural potential. In this context, a study was conducted to understand the physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro multiplication of four wild blackberry (Rubus sp.) species from the northern Peruvian highlands. The results indicate that fruits of R. floribundus presented the highest content of total soluble solids (9.58 ± 1.83°Brix) and titratable acidity (1.88 ± 0.07% citric acid). The fruits of R. weberbaueri recorded the highest total phenolic content (415.06 ± 8.69 mg GAE/100 g Ff). The antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH assay varied significantly among species, with the highest value found in fruits of R. andicola (50.27 ± 0.11 mg TE/100 g Ff). The fruit extracts of R. weberbaueri and R. andicola showed better antimicrobial activity, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most sensitive bacterium. In the in vitro multiplication phase, the results show that BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) has a significant effect at a dose of 1.5 mg l⁻¹ on shoot number, leaf number, and shoot length. The results may help in the management of genetic resources.
