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Distribution of metabolite superclasses and classes in the extracts of wild and farmed Sarcotragus foetidus sponges. Numbers in parentheses represent the standard deviation. ND-not detected.
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Marine sponges are highly efficient in removing organic pollutants and their cultivation, adjacent to fish farms, is increasingly considered as a strategy for improving seawater quality. Moreover, these invertebrates produce a plethora of bioactive metabolites, which could translate into an extra profit for the aquaculture sector. Here, we investig...
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Context 1
... content of each metabolite, expressed by its relative abundance (%) in the tested samples, is presented in Table S2. Based on these results, the linear pyrrole-imidazole alkaloid oroidin, which was identified using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode (ESI+), was the most abundant metabolite found in both farmed and wild A. oroides populations (70.3% and 80.4%, respectively). ...Context 2
... was supported by building a comprehensive metabolites/ions/MS fragments library (Table S4). The detected S. foetidus metabolites were classified into five superclasses, namely benzenoids, dipeptides, indoles, lipids, and polyketides (Table 2). This species was revealed to be an efficient lipid producer, by presenting extracts with an average lipid content as high as 95.5% and 94.3% among wild and farmed specimens, respectively. ...Context 3
... same results were observed for farmed A. oroides extracts, expect for replicate #3, which targeted both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, suggesting a mechanism not related to the cell wall. Indeed, among all the tested biological samples, the farmed A. oroides replicate #3 extract contained the highest levels of the alkaloids dispacamide B, keramadine, and agelasidine A, as well as the indole compound 4,6-dihydroxyindole and the glycerolipid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl(Z)-10-methyloctadec-9-enoate (Table S2). Of these metabolites, keramadine and agelasidine A have been previously reported to display partial growth inhibitory effects against E. coli strains, with MIC values in the range of 32-100 µg/mL [127,128], while 4,6-dihydroxyindole was found to have strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including E. coli [84]. ...Citations
Covering: January to the end of December 2023This review covers the literature published in 2023 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 582 citations (541 for the period January to December 2023) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, the submerged parts of mangroves and other intertidal plants. The emphasis is on new compounds (1220 in 340 papers for 2023), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. An analysis of the progress in the study of prokaryote involvement in macro-invertebrate MNP production is discussed.
Marine sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae have been shown to be promising sources of bioactive compounds, investigated from the perspective of potential medical applications. This review aimed to collect studies on biological activities of clinical importance and the chemical composition of sponge species from that class, highlighting the structure/activity relationship. To carry out this work, collections were carried out in the Science Direct, Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases, using the following descriptors: antimicrobial marine sponges, antioxidant marine sponges and marine sponges biological activity. The inclusion criteria were considered: (1) publications from the year 2022 onwards; (2) written in English or Portuguesen and (3) with information on biological assays of extracts, fractions or isolated compounds. The following were excluded: (1) duplicate works; (2) works whose content was not within the scope of the study and (3) studies that did not evaluate biological activities. Results demonstrate that 274 compounds were isolated from different metabolic classes, being evaluated in several biological assays. From the analysis of the data, it is concluded that the compounds studied demonstrate promise for the development of medicines for the control of microorganisms and the treatment of tumors, acting through different mechanisms of action.
