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Schistura aurantiaca, new species, is described from the Mae Khlong basin in western Thailand. It is distinguished from all other species of Schistura by a unique color pattern of 3-9 orange bars on the side of the body, with the 1st bar immediately behind the head and the 2nd bar near the dorsal-fin origin and widely separated so that most of the...
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... The name, aurantiaca, Latin adjective for orange-colored, is in reference to the orange bars on this species. (Fig. 5). Most spec- imens have been taken in shallow gravel and rubble riffles in small streams in the upper reaches of the Kwai Noi (Fig. 6). Physical and chemical conditions were similar at all localities where S. aurantiaca was taken. Elevation varied from 240 to 308 m, stream width varied seasonally but ranged from 2.7 to 9.1 m, depth ...
Citations
... Schistura aurantiacaPlongsesthee, Page & Beamish, 2011 (Fig. 4A, ...
To approach the taxonomy of large and complex animal groups it is of advantage to focus on species groups with shared derived character state. We investigate the composition, morphological characteristics and relationships of and within the Schistura cincticauda species group, whose members are small freshwater fishes that inhabit streams and rivers in eastern Myanmar and western and southern Thailand. A phylogenetic analysis using molecular genetic markers demonstrated the monophyly of this group; a combined genetic and morphological analysis revealed the inclusion of at least twelve species. They share the presence of a pair of black marks on the lower lip, one on each side of the median interruption (these marks may be reduced to few melanophores or even missing in some individuals). Additionally, all species share a small body size (max. 60 mm SL), an incomplete lateral line reaching at most to vertical through anal-fin base, and the absence of sexual dimorphism. Each of the 12 species is diagnosed by a unique combination of character states in fin ray numbers, anus position, presence/absence of an axillary pelvic lobe, and colour pattern. The distribution areas of several species overlap and five cases of syntopic occurrence are known. Five unnamed species are described herein.
... The study of balitorid loaches was first reported by Smith [15], and subsequently, most studies with a specific emphasis on species identification and classification were performed [16]. As recently as a decade ago, many balitorid species in Thailand have been revised and described as new species [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In contrast, the ecological studies of Thai balitorids are limited in the central regions, and to our best knowledge, there are only two publications in balitoridae distribution and their habitats [24,25]. ...
... All individuals were identified at the species level, enumerated, and released downstream from their capture site to avoid fish re-capturing. Since some individuals could not be identified in the field, they were first overdosed in clove oil and were preserved in 10% formalin for later identification to the species using a stereo microscope according to the taxonomic keys based on the Catalog of Fish, California [35] and a number of other publication sources [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][36][37][38][39][40][41]. ...
Stream degradation increases with high anthropogenic activity and climate variability, while declines occur in biodiversity. However, few studies have been undertaken on tropical waterways, a major impediment to biodiversity conservation. The present study was conducted on 95 relatively pristine small streams in Eastern Thailand with 10 reasonably uncommon species of balitorid fishes. Measurements were made of 21 physical and chemical factors and the substrate particle size. Stepwise regression identified the direct importance of substrate particle size and nitrate on the species’ richness of balitorids, whereas its abundance was negatively related with iron concentrations. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis identified three fish groups: the 1st group was negatively correlated with ammonia and positively correlated with dissolved silica, the 2nd group was positively correlated with substrate particle size and negatively correlated with stream ambient temperature and ammonia concentration, and the 3rd group was negatively correlated with low dissolved silica, respectively. The results of this study may indicate the vulnerability of balitorids under climate warming and anthropogenic pressure that alter the water physicochemical factors and river degradation including the substrate type. Thus, a conservation framework should be provided regarding the limits for water temperature, ammonia, and iron in Thailand’s Water Quality Criteria to better protect its freshwater ecosystem. Balitorid is a potential bioindicator for evaluating the river temperature effect in combination with ammonia nutrient stressors as long as the way-of-life habits of the species are taken into account.
... However, several monophyletic species groups have been proposed to exist within the genus Schistura. One of these groups of morphologically similar species is the 'Schistura robertsi group', which occurs in eastern Myanmar as well as in western and southern Thailand (Kottelat, 1990;Plongsesthee et al., 2011;Plongsesthee et al., 2013). The species complex in the present understanding contains five described and one undescribed species: 1. S. robertsi Kottelat, 1990, found in southern Thailand until the Langkawi Island in northern Malaysia; 2. S. cincticauda (Blyth, 1860), endemic to the Moei River, a tributary of the Salween River in western Thailand; 3. S. aurantiaca Plongsesthee et al., 2011, known from tributaries of the upper Khwae Noi in Mae Klong basin; 4. S. balteata (Rendahl, 1948), from the historical Tenasserim region in southeast Myanmar; 5. S. crocotula Plongsesthee et al., 2013, from the Khanan River in Prachuap Kkiri Khan province, Thailand, on the eastern Malay Peninsula; and 6. S. sp 'Sumo', an undescribed species exported for ornamental fish trade from the Ataran River in eastern Myanmar. ...
... One of these groups of morphologically similar species is the 'Schistura robertsi group', which occurs in eastern Myanmar as well as in western and southern Thailand (Kottelat, 1990;Plongsesthee et al., 2011;Plongsesthee et al., 2013). The species complex in the present understanding contains five described and one undescribed species: 1. S. robertsi Kottelat, 1990, found in southern Thailand until the Langkawi Island in northern Malaysia; 2. S. cincticauda (Blyth, 1860), endemic to the Moei River, a tributary of the Salween River in western Thailand; 3. S. aurantiaca Plongsesthee et al., 2011, known from tributaries of the upper Khwae Noi in Mae Klong basin; 4. S. balteata (Rendahl, 1948), from the historical Tenasserim region in southeast Myanmar; 5. S. crocotula Plongsesthee et al., 2013, from the Khanan River in Prachuap Kkiri Khan province, Thailand, on the eastern Malay Peninsula; and 6. S. sp 'Sumo', an undescribed species exported for ornamental fish trade from the Ataran River in eastern Myanmar. Three of these species have been identified comparably recently, and members of the S. robertsi species complex from other regions have not been identified, yet, opening the possibility that more species might be hidden within this group. ...
... Osteological characters were evaluated using micro-X-ray pictures of selected specimens. External morphological characters were selected according to Kottelat (1990) and to former descriptions of species included in the S. robertsi species complex (Plongsesthee et al., 2011;Plongsesthee et al., 2013). Altogether, the analysis included 18 characters from morphometrics, meristics, osteology and pigmentation of 193 specimens. ...
The Schistura robertsi species complex is a group of freshwater fish inhabiting streams in southeast Myanmar as well as in western and southern Thailand. In southern Thailand, the distribution exceeds the biogeographically important ‘Surat Thani – Krabi line’. The complex is believed to include five described and one undescribed species, but monophyly and systematics of the group have never been studied explicitly. The present study aims to resolve the number of species within the Schistura robertsi group as well as their distribution areas and phylogenetic relations. We analysed mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data of 86 specimens from 47 localities and 18 morphological characters of 193 specimens. The phylogenetic analyses revealed the S. robertsi complex to be monophyletic and to be composed of ten major lineages. Six of them correspond to the known described or undescribed species, but another four newly identified clades reveal the existence of an overlooked diversity within the group. All genetic lineages are statistically highly supported and all are morphologically diagnosable, suggesting that they represent distinct species. The distribution areas of several clades overlap, the cases of direct co-occurrence show no sign of hybridisation.
... Names changed from those in GenBank in accordance with current nomenclature: Paracanthocobitis mackenziei (GQ478439) was labeled Acanthocobitis botia (see Singer & Page 2015); Paracanthocobitis nigrolineata (GQ174374, UF 172979) was labeled Acanthocobitis zonalternans (see Singer et al. 2017); Schistura aurantiaca (GQ174371, from UF 173049) was labeled Schistura sp. (see Plongsesthee et al. 2011); S. magnifluvis was misidentified as S. bucculenta (JN837654, KIZ 20080614); S. mahnerti (GQ174368, UF 173050) was misidentified as S. desmotes; S. obliquofascia was misidentified as S. rupecula (pers. comm., A. Barat; see Lokeshwor et al. 2012), and S. vinciguerrae was misidentified as S. sikmaiensis (JF340405, KIZ 2006010329). ...
There is a general consensus that the genus Schistura (Nemacheilidae), currently with 241 species, is not monophyletic. However, weak morphological synapomorphies and a lack of genetic data for most species of Schistura and their presumptive relatives have prevented meaningful diagnoses of species groups within this genus. To aid in deciphering evolutionary relationships, sequence data from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and D-loop) were implemented in phylogenetic analyses for species of Schistura and other nemacheilids for which data from earlier studies and recently collected material were available. This analysis of 67 nemacheilid species, including 28 species of Schistura, provides the most comprehensive phylogeny of Nemacheilidae to date. In the phylogenetic tree for the combined data set, species of Schistura clustered in three clades. One clade contained 14 species of Schistura and Sectoria heterognathos and was sister to Homatula. A second clade of 11 species of Schistura was in a larger clade with Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi and Nemacheilus corica. The third clade contained three species, all from the Mae Khlong basin of Thailand. Taxonomic implications of these results are discussed; however, a more taxon-rich dataset and nuclear sequence data are needed before making taxonomic changes.
... Besides, new species are still regularly described (e.g. Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2010Bohlen & Šlechtová, , 2013aOu et al., 2011;Plongsesthee et al., 2011Plongsesthee et al., , 2013Bohlen et al., 2014Bohlen et al., , 2016Kottelat, 2017a-e). The interrelationships within Schistura have not been studied but accumulating morphological, molecular and distribution data unsurprisingly show that the genus is paraphyletic (pers. ...
Schistura thavonei, new species, is described from the Nam Ma, Mekong drainage, in Louang Namtha Province, northwestern Laos. It is distinguished from all other Nemacheilidae by its unique colour pattern made of two broad dark brown stripes (one middorsal, one midlateral) and between them a pale yellowish-brown stripe (iridescent in life); a row of 12–24 short black bars are located increasingly lower on the flank from head to tail, posterior-most ones restricted to the lower half of the body or forming blotches along the ventral midline of the caudal peduncle. Besides, it has an elongate body with a hump immediately behind the head, 8+7 branched caudal-fin rays; and 9–10 total pectoral-fin rays. It was found in riffles, over gravel to stone bottom.
... The genus has its greatest diversity in Southeast Asia (Irrawaddy, Salween, Mae Khlong, Chao Phraya, Mekong and Red River drainages, and drainages in between) from where about 160 species have been described; most are described and figured in Kottelat (1990Kottelat ( , 1998Kottelat ( , 2000Kottelat ( , 2001 and Freyhof & Serov (2001). Besides, new species are still regularly described (e.g., Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2010Bohlen & Šlechtová, , 2013aBohlen & Šlechtová, , 2013bOu et al., 2011;Plongsesthee et al., 2011Plongsesthee et al., , 2013Chen & Neely, 2012;Bohlen et al., 2014Bohlen et al., , 2016Kottelat, 2017a-c). The interrelationships within Schistura have not been thoroughly studied yet but the accumulating morphological, molecular and distribution data unsurprisingly show that the genus is paraphyletic (Kottelat, 1990(Kottelat, , 2017b(Kottelat, , 2017c; see also, e.g., Freyhof et al., 2016). ...
Schistura colossa, new species, is described from the Xe Pian, Xe Set and Houay Champi on Bolaven Plateau in southern Laos. It is distinguished by its large size (up to at least 98 mm SL); the body has 16–21 bars, quite regularly shaped in juveniles and with increasing size becoming more irregular; in the largest individuals the bars on the caudal peduncle are broken up in irregular blotches. Schistura klydonion, new species, is described from the Xe Namnoy, also on Bolaven Plateau. It is distinguished by its relatively large size (up to at least 76 mm SL); the body has a midlateral row of 12–21 bars that do not reach the dorsal midline and that alternate with a middorsal row of saddles or small blotches, leaving a pale zigzag line between the two rows; the lips have a few sparsely-set pointed papillae. The topography of the plateau and the distribution of the endemic species suggest an earlier connection of the Houay Makchang Gnai and the Xe Katam with the Xe Pian instead of the Xe Namnoy. Both species are endemic to the Bolaven Plateau, have a limited distribution and are impacted by hydropower and agricultural activities.
... New species are still regularly described (e.g. Bohlen & Šlechtová 2010Bohlen & Šlechtová , 2013aOu et al. 2011;Plongsesthee et al. 2011Plongsesthee et al. , 2013Chen & Neely 2012;Bohlen et al. 2014Bohlen et al. , 2016Kottelat 2017a-f). The interrelationships within Schistura have not been thoroughly studied yet but the accumulating morphological, molecular and distribution data unsurprisingly show that the genus is paraphyletic (Kottelat 1990, 2017b-c andunpublished; see also, e.g., Freyhof et al. 2016). ...
Schistura epixenos, new species, is described from the Nakai Plateau in Laos. It is distinguished from its congeners in Southeast Asia with a pattern of dark brown bars on a pale brown background by a combination of characters including, among others, a slender body, body with 13–17 bars reaching downwards to the level of the pectoral fin, a complete lateral line, scales present in the predorsal area, and the pelvic-fin origin below the dorsal-fin origin.
... The genus has its greatest diversity in Southeast Asia (Irrawaddy, Salween, Mae Khlong, Chao Phraya, Mekong and Red River drainages, and drainages in between) from where about 160 species have been described; most are described and figured in Kottelat (1990Kottelat ( , 1998Kottelat ( , 2000Kottelat ( , 2001 and Freyhof & Serov (2001). Besides, new species are still regularly described (e.g., Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2010;Ou et al., 2011;Plongsesthee et al., 2011Plongsesthee et al., , 2013Bohlen et al., 2016), especially in Myanmar Taxonomy & Systematics (e.g., Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2013a, b;Bohlen et al., 2014;Chen & Neely, 2012;Kottelat, 2017). The interrelationships within Schistura have not been thoroughly studied yet but the accumulating (and still unpublished) morphological, molecular and distribution data unsurprisingly show that the genus is paraphyletic. ...
Malihkaia aligera, new genus, new species, is described from the Mali Hka River in the northernmost Kachin State, Myanmar. It is distinguished by strongly furrowed lips and a type of sexual dimorphism new in Nemacheilidae: the pectoral fin of males is greatly elongated as a ‘wing’, rigid and curled, with the first branched ray the longest, and with all branches and sub-branches adjacent and without membranes between them. Schistura nubigena, new species, is described from the same locality. It is distinguished by its colour pattern that evolves from 4 broad bars in juveniles about 20 mm SL, to a pattern of 8 bars that become coalescent along the flank and along the back, leaving a row of pale spots between them. Schistura wanlainensis, new species, is described from the Mon Lan Chaung, a tributary of the Mali Hka. It is distinguished by its unique colour pattern of a pale grey to whitish background with 18–32 narrow, regularly shaped black bars, extending from dorsal midline and reaching downwards to below level of pectoral fins, continuous over back with contralaterals, wider than interspaces anteriorly, narrower than interspaces on caudal peduncle; some of anterior bars fused at their dorsal extremity.
... The genus Schistura belongs to the family Balitoridae comprises of total 180 valid species (Eschmeyer, 2012) distributed in South and Southeast Asia (Kottelat and Leisher, 2012). The genus Schistura McClelland (1838) were summarized by Kottelat (1990) distributed from Thailand (Plongsesthee et al., 2011) and other parts of Southeast Asia (Vidthayanon and Jaruthanin, 2002;Ou et al., 2011). The family Balitoridae, play an important in freshwater ecosystem as cleaning of aquatic system and the species of genus Schistura under this family have been exploited for the aquarium fish (Vishwanath, 2010) due to its small size and striking colour pattern on the body. ...
Genetic based study provide emphasis on the population study of geographically isolated population, gene flow among them and evolutionary history of the species. In the present study, we aimed to detect the genetic variations in species of genus Schistura from Uttarakhand. Very little is known for the pattern of distribution and genetic diversity of the species of genus Schistura from the Garhwal and Kumaun region. Out of six primer only four primers were used to generate the fragments patterns from the samples collected. Polymorphism within and between the populations were assayed and total 60 bands were amplified ranging from 1-150 kb. Maximum number of bands was observed in Schistura montanus from the Srinagar, Garhwal and Uttarkashi regions. Total 60 bands were amplified in the all four primer with high percentage of polymorphic loci 50% Schistura montanus from Garhwal region and 28.8% in the S. montanus from the Kumaun region were observed. The level of heterozygosity were found 0.006-0.18 in the all three species. The percentage of polymorphism was 50% within the populations and high heterozygosity the sample of S. montanus when compared with other species. Observed pattern of RAPD markers reveals that the samples from the Garhwal region exhibit high diversity and used four primers are sufficient to distinguish the different population in the both region except the samples of the S. gangiticus of Garhwal region.
... g. Bohlen & Šlech tová, 2009Bohlen & Šlech tová, , 2011Bohlen & Šlech tová, , 2013Bohlen et al., 2014;Kottelat & Leisher, 2012;Lalramliana, 2012;Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012;Ou et al., 2011;Plongsesthee et al., 2011;Zheng et al., 2012) whenever material from formerly unsampled areas is examined, indicating that the diversity of the genus is even larger. A recent collection in Myanmar revealed a new species of Schistura described in the present study. ...
... not reported). Data for other species taken from Bohlen et al., 2014, Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2009, 2013a, 2013bFreyhof & Serov, 2001;Kottelat, 1990Kottelat, , 1998Kottelat, , 2000Kottelat & Leisher, 2012;Lalramliana, 2012;Lokeshwor & Vishwanath, 2012;Menon, 1987;Ou et al., 2011;Plongsesthee et al., 2011;Zheng et al. 2012;Zhu & Wang 1985. ...
