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Distribution of Icterus graduacauda and Icterus chrysater. The line shows the approximate delimitation of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec following Peterson et al. (1999). Scale varies due to longitude; however, width of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec along the black line is 200 km. Each number represents a sample locality (see Supportiing information).
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The Isthmus of Tehuantepec has played an important role in shaping the avian diversity of Mexico, as well as the rest of the Western Hemisphere. It has been both a barrier and a land connector between North and South America for many groups of birds. Furthermore, climatic change over the Pleistocene has resulted in ecological fluctuations that led...
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... Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Fig. 2) is a strip of land that constricts to a width of roughly 200 km between the Atlantic and the Pacific. Furthermore, the Oaxacan highlands to the west and the highlands of Chiapas to the east (Binford 1989;Barrier et al. 1998) are only separated by 50 km. Elevation drops from 2000+ m in the high- lands on either side of the isthmus to ...Context 2
... obtained frozen tissues and toepads from individuals of Icterus graduacauda (N = 38) and Icterus chrysater (N = 49) collected from across each species' range ( Fig. 2). DNA was extracted from both fresh muscle and toepad samples using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). To improve DNA yield from toe- pad samples (age of the samples ranged between 1940 and 1980), we added 20 lL of dithiothreitol (DTT) to the sample in addition to 20 lL of proteinase ...Similar publications
Animal dispersal patterns have important implications for many biological processes, but the measurement of dispersal is challenging and often requires the use of complementary approaches. In this study, we investigated the local-scale sex-biased dispersal pattern in a social bird, the black-throated tit (Aegithalos concinnus), in central China. Sp...
Animal dispersal patterns have important implications for many biological processes, but the measurement of dispersal is challenging and often requires the use of complementary approaches. In this study, we investigated the local-scale sex-biased dispersal pattern in a social bird, the black-throated tit (Aegithalos concinnus), in central China. Sp...
Dispersal and gene flow have traditionally been thought to counteract the effects of divergent selection and thus prevent evolutionary differentiation. However, recent research suggests that, if non-random, dispersal may promote population differentiation even at microgeographic scales. Examples of the eco-evolutionary consequences of non-random di...
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... However, we found an exception when we analyzed samples of P. totontepecus from both sides of the isthmus. Contrary to previous expectations, mitochondrial sequences were quite similar (Fig. 2, Table 2), showing that the Isthmus of Tehuantepec has acted as a geographic barrier in the P. mexicanus species group, but not for all species (see references in Cortés-Rodríguez et al., 2013). The species that live in the highest elevations in the P. mexicanus group are placed in the clades II and III, and all of them are restricted to the east (Pérez-Consuegra & Vázquez-Domínguez, 2015. ...
Although deer mice (Peromyscus spp.) are among the most studied small mammals, their species diversity and phylogenetic relationships remain unclear. The lack of taxonomic clarity is mainly due to a conservative morphology and because some taxa are rare, have restricted distributions, or are poorly sampled. One taxon, P. mexicanus, includes southern Mexican subspecies that have not had their systematic placement tested with genetic data. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships and genetic structure of P. mexicanus populations using sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. We inferred that P. mexicanus is paraphyletic, with P. m. teapensis, P. m. tehuantepecus, andP. m. totontepecus more closely related to P. gymnotis than to P. m. mexicanus. This highly divergent clade ranges from northeastern Oaxaca to northern Chiapas, including southern Veracruz, and southern Tabasco. In light of this group’s mitochondrial distinctiveness, cohesive geographic range, and previously reported molecular, biochemical, and morphological differences, we recommend it be treated as P. totontepecus. Our findings demonstrate the need for an improved understanding of the diversity and evolutionary history of these common and abundant members of North American small mammal communities.
... The clade from the Isthmus Table 4.-Loading of the first 2 principal component (PC) axes based on 13 log-transformed craniodental variables from 5 clades of the gray mouse opossum (Tlacuatzin canescens), from the 3 currently recognized subspecies of T. canescens, and from the didelphid genera Tlacuatzin, Marmosa, and Monodelphis. Abbreviations of variables are described in "Materials and Methods." of Tehuantepec is bordered by the Sierra Mixe to the west and the Sierra Madre de Chiapas to the east (Cortés- Rodríguez et al. 2013). The clade from the Península de Yucatán is restricted to the tropical dry forest that occurs to the north of this Peninsula (Duno-de Stefano et al. 2012). ...
The gray mouse opossum (Tlacuatzin canescens) is a poorly studied marsupial endemic to México. Phylogenetic or phylogeographic information on this species and its evolutionary history is scarce and scattered. We investigated the origin and the diversification of this taxon using molecular and morphological data. We examined mitochondrial (cytochrome-b) and nuclear (interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein) sequences to test species monophyly and assess phylogenetic relationships within the species. We also used multivariate statistical analyses of 13 craniodental variables to assess the phenotypic distinctiveness of mitochondrial haplotypic clades. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that T. canescens is a monophyletic group divided into 5 well-differentiated clades. Genetic divergence among clades was 3.1-8.9%, while the intragroup divergence was 0.5-3.7%. Our molecular clock estimates indicate that the diversification of this taxon occurred during the Pleistocene, which suggests that climatic changes and the presence of geographical barriers influenced the genetic differentiation of its populations. Morphological analyses also showed that there are cranial differences among these clades. Our results suggest the recognition of T. gaumeri, T. insularis, and T. sinaloae as valid species, and the recognition of 1 clade that we describe here as a new species.
... The Isthmus of Tehuantepec is a narrow continental area separating the Gulf Coast and the Pacific Ocean that is the product of a complex geologic history of tectonic uplift and sea level change over the past 6 million years since the late Miocene (Barrier, Velasquillo, Chavez, & Gaulon, 1998;Ferrusquía-Villafranca, 1993). Periodic episodes of geographic isolation imposed by uplift of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and glacial oscillations in sea level have served as important biogeographic events for other taxa, including freshwater fishes (Huidobro, Morrone, Villalobos, & Alvarez, 2006), insects (Halffter, 1987), snakes (Bryson, García-Vázquez, & Riddle, 2011;Castoe et al., 2009;Daza, Castoe, & Parkinson, 2010), shrews (Esteva, Cervantes, Brant, & Cook, 2010), and other birds (Barber & Klicka, 2010;Cortés-Rodríguez et al., 2013 (Escalante, Navarro-Sigüenza, & Peterson, 1993), alongside more than 30 endemic amphibians (García, 2006), over 120 endemic nonavian reptiles (García, 2006), numerous mammals (Escalante, Szumik, & Morrone, 2009;García-Trejo & Navarro-Sigüenza, 2004), and terrestrial invertebrates (Morrone & Márquez, 2001). This region comprises the northwestern limits of the Neotropical lowlands that characterize the Mexican transition zone (Halffter & Morrone, 2017). ...
Phenotypic and genetic variation are present in all species, but lineages differ in how variation is partitioned among populations. Examining phenotypic clustering and genetic structure within a phylogeographic framework can clarify which biological processes have contributed to extant biodiversity in a given lineage. Here, we investigate genetic and phenotypic variation among populations and subspecies within a Neotropical songbird complex, the White-collared Seedeater (Sporophila torqueola) of Central America and Mexico. We combine measurements of morphology and plumage patterning with thousands of nuclear loci derived from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial DNA to evaluate population differentiation. We find deep levels of molecular divergence between two S. torqueola lineages that are phenotypically diagnosable: One corresponds to S. t. torqueola along the Pacific coast of Mexico, and the other includes S. t. morelleti and S. t. sharpei from the Gulf Coast of Mexico and Central America. Surprisingly, these two lineages are strongly differentiated in both nuclear and mitochondrial markers, and each is more closely related to other Sporophila species than to one another. We infer low levels of gene flow between these two groups based on demographic models, suggesting multiple independent evolutionary lineages within S. torqueola have been obscured by coarse-scale similarity in plumage patterning. These findings improve our understanding of the biogeographic history of this lineage, which includes multiple dispersal events out of South America and across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec into Mesoamerica. Finally, the phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness of the range-restricted S. t. torqueola highlights the Pacific Coast of Mexico as an important region of endemism and conservation priority.
... It is an area of low elevation, formed c. 6 Ma ( Barrier et al., 1998), occupied mainly by dry, scrubby coastal plants, which contrasts with the moist mountainous areas on either side ( Warren, Glor & Turelli, 2008). Existing studies suggest the Isthmus of Tehuantepec disrupts gene flow in a variety of vertebrates as well, including birds ( Navarro-Sigüenza et al., 2008;Cortés-Rodríguez et al., 2008, 2013Rodríguez-Gómez, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez & Ornelas, 2013), small mammals ( Sullivan, Arellano & Rogers, 2000;León-Paniagua et al., 2007), snakes ( Castoe et al., 2009) and toads ( Mulcahy, Morrill & Mendelson, 2006). Based on the mtCOI gene, the closest relatives of the Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, population are to the north in Querétaro, Hidalgo and San Luis Potosí. ...
The cactophilic sister species Drosophila arizonae and Drosophila mojavensis, distributed across southwestern USA, Mexico and Guatemala, constitute a well-suited model to study ecology, genetic divergence and speciation. Although D. arizonae is the more broadly distributed of the two, its evolutionary biology has been less intensively investigated than D. mojavensis. Given the important role of genitalic variation in reproductive isolation, we explored the relationship between male aedeagus morphology and genetic differentiation of geographically distinct strains of D. arizonae. We used mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data to establish the phylogenetic relationships among different D. arizonae strains and compared morphological variation, using elliptic Fourier descriptors, among five populations. Our results indicate that the Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, population may be at the early stages of lineage divergence. Tuxtla Gutiérrez was the only locality sampled south of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, both of which have been implicated as gene flow barriers in other organisms. Our results suggest that D. arizonae is an emerging model system for studies of incipient speciation.
... Pérez-Emán 2005; Honey et al. 2013;Barrera et al. 2012;Cortés-Rodríguez et al. 2013;Arbeláez et al. 2010) Es por esto que el grado de aislamiento de los bosques templados de México ha tenido papel importante al motivar patrones filogeográficos que se han reportado previamente en aves de montaña(García-Moreno et al. 2004;Milá et al. 2000;Bonaccorso et al. 2008;Cortés-Rodríguez et al. 2008;McCormack et al. 2008;Puebla-Olivares et al. 2008). ...
El estudio filogeográfico ha documentado que los eventos geológicos del Plioceno junto a los ciclos glaciares del Cuaternario, tuvieron un papel muy importante en la diversificación biológica de Norteamérica. La especie Myioborus miniatus habita desde el norte de México hasta Argentina, tiene un registro de 12 subespecies a partir de diferencias morfológicas.
Un estudio filogeográfico relacionó la variación genética subespecífica con la discontinuidad del hábitat y cambios climáticos durante el Pleistoceno Tardío. Sin embargo, no se integró a la subespecie Myioborus miniatus miniatus. Este trabajo se plantea como propósito deducir el patrón filogeográfico de la subespecie Myioborus miniatus miniatus.
A partir de la obtención de 62 secuencias del gen mitocondrial ND2, se realizó un árbol filogenético bayesiano, una red de haplotipos y se obtuvieron los índices de diversidad genética y valores de FST entre las poblaciones. La historia demográfica fue descrita con
los índices D de Tajima, F de Fu y valor de regardness, el valor de Tau permitió calcular el tiempo desde que comenzó la expansión. Por último, el tamaño efectivo de la población a través del tiempo fue graficado por medio de un análisis bayesiano Skyline Plot.
El análisis filogenético, que incluye todas las subespecies de Myioborus miniatus, indico que M. miniatus miniatus se encuentra en el linaje basal, además, este presenta un nodo bien soportado pero sin monófilia. . La diversidad genética presento un valor alto (0.8909) mientras que la diversidad nucleotidica promedio fue de 0.00191. El análisis de genética de poblaciones indica que no hay estructura genética. En cuanto a la historia demográfica,
el análisis Skyline Plot y pruebas de neutralidad indican un escenario de expansión demográfica. A su vez las pruebas de distribución mismatch indican un cambio súbito en el tamaño de la población. En conjunto los resultados indican un incremento del tamaño efectivo de la población durante el último máximo glaciar hace 60 mil años.
... However, a review of the taxonomy developed from an evolutionary and phylogenetic point of view was not developed until 2003, resulting in revision of species limits in 121 taxa and recognition of 122 additional endemic species (Navarro-Sigüenza and . Clearly, though, the job is still not done because additional species are documented from Mexico each year (e.g., Maley andBrumfield 2013, Arbeláez-Cortés andNavarro-Sigüenza 2013), but at least taxonomic levels are now roughly comparable across the Mexican avifauna . ...
Mexico has a megadiverse avifauna that includes many endemic elements, as well as rich sets of species ranging farther north or farther south in the Americas. This avifauna, nonetheless, has suffered considerable losses as a consequence of long-term, intensive human activity across the landscape. We review what is known about the Mexican avifauna, specifically its diversity and endemism, and how that knowledge has and has not turned into effective conservation measures to assure the long-term integrity of the avifauna. Conservación e investigación de biodiversidad sobre las aves de México: Estatus y prioridades México tiene una avifauna megadiversa que incluye muchos elementos endémicos, además de muchas especies que provienen de más al norte o más al sur en las Américas. No obstante, esta avifauna ha sufrido pérdidas considerables debido a la actividad humana intensa a largo plazo a través del país. En esta contribución, resumimos el estatus de conocimiento de la avifauna de México, en particular su diversidad y endemismo, y como estos conocimientos se han traducido (o no) en medidas eficaces hacia su conservación para asegurar su integridad a largo plazo.
... In Central America and Mexico, humid montane forest is patchily distributed, but from Costa Rica through the Andes it is represented by a nearly 5000-km belt of continuous forest (Terborgh, 1971). Nearly 1700 bird species inhabit Neotropical humid montane forest (Stotz et al., 1996), many of which are composed of highly isolated, well-differentiated populations with minimal gene flow along their distributions (Peterson et al., 1992;García-Moreno et al., 2004;Bonaccorso et al., 2008;Navarro-Sigüenza et al., 2008;González et al., 2011;Barrera-Guzmán et al., 2012;Cortés-Rodríguez et al., 2013;Rodríguez-Gómez et al., 2013). Thus, this avifauna is ideal to study patterns of differentiation among isolated montane populations. ...
Montane barriers influence the evolutionary history of lineages by promoting isolation of populations. The effects of these historical processes are evident in patterns of differentiation among extant populations, which are often expressed as genetic and behavioral variation between populations. We investigated the effects of geographic barriers on the evolutionary history of a Mesoamerican bird by studying patterns of genetic and vocal variation in the Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush (Turdidae: Catharus frantzii), a non-migratory oscine bird that inhabits montane forests from central Mexico to Panama. We reconstructed the phylogeographic history and estimated divergence times between populations using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. We found strong support for the existence of four mitochondrial lineages of C. frantzii corresponding to isolated mountain ranges: Sierra Madre Oriental; Sierra Madre del Sur; the highlands of Chiapas, Guatemala, and El Salvador; and the Talamanca Cordillera. Vocal features in C. frantzii were highly variable among the four observed clades, but vocal variation and genetic variation were uncorrelated. Song variation in C. frantzii suggests that sexual selection and cultural drift could be important factors driving song differentiation in C. frantzii.
Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.
... Based on examining four mitochondrial genes, the extant Bahama Oriole population on Andros appears to have significant population structuring. The two subpopulations we sampled appear to be relatively diverse compared with other bird species (Sgariglia & Burns, 2003; Fleischer et al., 2007; Cortes-Rodriguez et al., 2008; Cortéz-Rodríguez et al., 2013; Cadena et al., 2011). Given the oriole's estimated population size of fewer than 300 individuals, management interventions may be necessary to maintain this diversity in the future, as decreased mate choice and increased inbreeding may result in a loss of genetic variation and decreased fitness over time (Hedrick, 1998; Mitton, 1998; Grant, Grant & Petren, 2001; Spielman et al., 2004). ...
Bird species may exhibit unexpected population structuring over small distances, with gene flow restricted by geographic features such as water or mountains. The Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi) is a critically endangered, synanthropic island endemic with a declining population of fewer than 300 individuals. It now remains only on Andros Island (The Bahamas), which is riddled with waterways that past studies assumed did not hinder gene flow. We examined 1,858 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA sequenced from four gene regions in 14 birds (roughly 5% of the remaining population) found on the largest land masses of Andros Island (North Andros and Mangrove Cay/South Andros). We sought to discern genetic structuring between the remaining subpopulations and its relationship to current conservation concerns. Four unique haplotypes were identified, with only one shared between the two subpopulations. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity were higher for the North Andros subpopulation than for the Mangrove Cay/South Andros subpopulation. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) yielded a Wright’s fixation index (Fst) of 0.60 (PFst = 0.016), with 40.2% of the molecular variation explained by within-population differences and 59.8% by among-population differences. Based on the mitochondrial regions examined in this study, we suggest the extant subpopulations of Bahama Oriole exhibit significant population structuring over short distances,
consistent with some other non-migratory tropical songbird species.
... Generally, in case of incomplete lineage sorting, we would expect the shared cytoplasmic-nuclear haplotypes to be randomly distributed in a mosaic pattern over the species geographic range [8,9]. In contrast, if haplotypes sharing between both species arises as a function of introgression, we would expect co-occurring populations of the two species are more similar than randomly chosen population pairs [5,10,11]. ...
Leucomeris decora and Nouelia insignis (Asteraceae) are narrowly and allopatrically distributed species, separated by the important biogeographic boundary Tanaka Line in Southwest China. Previous morphological, cytogenetic and molecular studies suggested that L. decora is sister to N. insignis. However, it is less clear how the two species diverged, whether in full isolation or occurring gene flow across the Tanaka Line. Here, we performed a molecular study at the population level to characterize genetic differentiation and decipher phylogeographic history in two closely related species based on variation examined in plastid and nuclear DNAs using a coalescent-based approach.
These morphologically distinct species share plastid DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes. In contrast, Bayesian analysis of nuclear DNA (nDNA) uncovered two distinct clusters corresponding to L. decora and N. insignis. Based on the IMa analysis, no strong indication of migration was detected based on both cpDNA and nDNA sequences. The molecular data pointed to a major west-east split in nuclear DNA between the two species corresponding with the Tanaka Line. The coalescent time estimate for all cpDNA haplotypes dated to the Mid-Late Pleistocene. The estimated demographic parameters showed that the population size of L. decora was similar to that of N. insignis and both experienced limited demographic fluctuations recently.
The study revealed comprehensive species divergence and phylogeographic histories of N. insignis and L. decora divided by the Tanaka Line. The phylogeographic pattern inferred from cpDNA reflected ancestrally shared polymorphisms without post-divergence gene flow between species. The marked genealogical lineage divergence in nDNA provided some indication of Tanaka Line for its role as a barrier to plant dispersal, and lent support to its importance in promoting strong population structure and allopatric divergence.
The present day distribution and spatial genetic diversity of Mesoamerican biota reflect a long history of responses to complex topography, geological history and climate changes. The hummingbird Colibri thalassinus thalassinus is distributed in northern Mesoamerica, with geographically disjunct populations mainly separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (IT). Based on sampling across the species range in Mexico, we use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and distributional projections derived from ecological niche modeling (ENM) to test whether (1) populations are genetically differentiated according to the fragmented distribution of C. thalassinus thalassinus in Mexico, and (2) historical demographic patterns of these hummingbird populations correspond to those of expanded populations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Analysis of genetic variation revealed two main mtDNA lineages: populations west of the IT along the Sierra Madre Oriental, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and Sierra Madre del Sur and populations east of the isthmus in Chiapas and Guatemala. A significant signal of genetic differentiation, demographic expansion near the LGM, and contractions/expansions of suitable environmental conditions during the LGM fit a model of lineage divergence west of the isthmus after the LGM, and that the species’ suitable habitat was continuous connecting populations on either side of the isthmus. We conclude that the genetic differentiation of C. thalassinus thalassinus in Mexico resulted from recent geographical isolation of populations separated by the IT. In addition, this scenario is supported by the modeled paleodistribution that suggests that populations expanded during the LGM, and that the spread of the species into the highlands caused habitat fragmentation and population isolation for C. thalassinus thalassinus during the interglacial periods. The findings corroborate the profound effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on the genetic differentiation of C. thalassinus thalassinus in Mexico but challenge the generality of glacial refugia.
