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Context 1
... mango tree, a plant that originated in India found a favourable environment for its development in Brazil. As a consequence Brazil can produce mangoes over almost its entire territory. It is possible to see from table 2.3 that nearly all Brazilian states have a significant production of mangoes. India is the main producer of mangoes. This country regularly harvests more than 50% of the world's production. In 2001 India produced 10 million tonnes of mangoes, China appear in second place with 3.02 million tonnes and Mexico is in third place, producing 1.5 million tonnes of mango in 2001. Brazil is the ninth biggest producer of mangoes. In 1999 the country harvested 821.636 tonnes of this fruit (FAOSTAT, 2002). It can be seen in Figure 2.2 that there is a relative tendency to growth in the Brazilian production of mangoes. During 1999 576,413 tonnes of mangoes were traded on the international ...
Context 2
... In this area there are several irrigation projects that make the continual production of quality mangoes possible (see Figure 2.3 and Appendix ...
Context 3
... (Rio Grande do Sul) and Fraiburgo (Santa Catarina State). Fraiburgo is the main centre of production, processing and trade in apples in Brazil (see Figure 2.5 and Appendix D). To export apples is not an easy task, since the level of competition in the sector is particularly high. It is necessary to maintain sophisticated post-harvest processing units and refrigerated warehouses. To build and maintain these facilities implies high investments and a great dose of technical competence. This problem is a serious barrier to any increase in Brazilian apple ...
Context 4
... produced a total of 173,866,000 melons (see Table 2.5) in 1999 a volume of production that is considerably lower than the production of the other countries mentioned. The melon production fields in Brazil are concentrated in the Northeast Region of the country, an area that was responsible for harvesting 94% of the melon produced in Brazil. Within this area Rio Grande do Norte is the main producer of melons, and in fact this state alone harvested nearly 62% (108.622,000 fruit) of all the melons produced in Brazil during 1999. Inside the Rio Grande do Norte territory the production of melons is concentrated around the city of Mossoro (see Figure 2.7 and Appendix D). It is also possible to find in Mossoro most of the packinghouses destined to preparing melons for ...
Context 5
... five executives also affirmed that E-ATA forms only a small part of their fruit trade, an alternative used only to complement their own fruit production. It can be seen that E-ATA is composed by a hierarchy (fruit producers) followed by a market transaction (fruit gathering activities) followed by a hierarchy (agent exporters) that is finally followed by a market transaction (export activities). Each one of these stages is presented and discussed in the following sections ( Figure 6.2 11 ...
Context 6
... objective of the export transactions organised by Export Agents is to sell in the international market the fruit gathered in Brazil. This market type transaction materializes only when the exported fruit arrives at the port in the destination market ( Figure 6.2). However, before and after this moment, the negotiating parties (Export Agents and Importers) deal with several different issues. fruit volume; regularity of supply; and period of supply. ...
Context 7
... does not belong to the leading group of the grape producers. In 2000 the country harvested 998,545 tonnes of this fruit (See Table 2.13). Six different states account for the production of most of the grapes in Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, which are in the South of Brazil, are responsible for producing mainly grapes destined for wine production. São Paulo, which is in the South-east of Brazil, produces both wine and table grapes. Bahia and Pernambuco in the Northeast Region produce mainly table grapes (see Figure 2.13 and Appendix D). Most of Brazilian grapes are destined for the internal market. In 1998 the country exported 5,856.00 tonnes of grape, a value that is less than 1% of national production. Most of the Brazilian grape goes to the Netherlands, from where they are distributed to the main European markets. The second most frequent destination is Argentina, which buys grapes from Brazil during the winter in the Southern Hemisphere (against-season grapes). It is important to notice that the Brazilian grapes do not reach the USA market, which is the main importer of grapes in the world ...
Citations
... In sustaining such a high level of imports, British importers are showing the capacity to overcome serious logistical barriers. It is important to verify if they are using concepts of quality in their commercial activities (Carvalho, 2003). After analysing the EU legislation on fresh fruit trade, Malins and Woodhead (1996) concluded that the fruit importers tend to persuade their suppliers to adopt an active use of quality management in their operations. ...
Fruit is a highly perishable product, suitable to biological, physical and chemical hazards. All these risks are higher when fruit are transacted in international trade. In this case fruit suppliers and fruit buyers are exposed to elevated transaction costs, since both sides need to deal with questions like product specifications, post-harvest processing and logistics. Quality management can be employed in order to organize all production, processing and logistics operations. In this paper the aim was to verify if producers, exporters and importers of fruit are making use of quality management concepts in order to reduce risks and transaction costs. As investigation method, a survey was conducted in Brazil and UK. Semi-structured interviews were also employed. The results of the survey support the idea that quality consciousness is fundamental in the fruit trade. The majority of companies approached in the research were shown not to perceive as a problem, the several parameters that affect the quality of the final product. In other words, the results suggest that firms that are incapable of handling quality issues satisfactorily find little place in the fruit trade. Quality management concepts are vastly employed in order to guarantee product specifications and rationality in the operation processes and by doing so, it contributes to reduce transactions costs between the trading parties.
