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... resources are categorized as non-renewable (con- ventional) and renewable (non conventional) energy resources. Technologies based on renewable energy include PV modules, geo-thermal system and wind turbines. Where as co-generation plants, fuel cells and heat engines are the technologies based on non-conventional resources [12]. Fig. 2 shows different conventional and non-conventional energy resources are in- tegrated with distribution system. In [13] a new plan is presented to solve the network re-configuration problem in the existence of distributed generation (DG) with an aim of minimizing losses in real power and voltage profile improve- ment in distribution ...
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Citations
... The use of a conventional method for varying network characteristics involves the manipulation of the capacitance of capacitors (Vijaysimha & Kumar , 2013;Mondal, Chakrabarti, & Sengupta, 2014;Dulhe, 2015;Dinakaran & Venkateswara, 2015;Li, et al., 2015) Ahmad, 2017), DG in a distribution network helps in reducing power losses. Furthermore, a comparison of the level of reduction in power losses due to the introduction of DG (Pazouki & Kerendian, 2012;Chatterjee, Nath, Biswas, & Das, 2013;Rath, Ghatak, & Goyal, 2016) shows an improvement over what is provided by conventional mechanisms and FACTS technology. ...
Purpose: This article provides available information on the role of distributed generation (DG) in the performance of a power distribution network. Design/methodology/approach: The study reviewed articles about available methods for reducing technical losses in electrical distribution networks. The second step involved studying various researchers' views on renewable energy in some developing countries for introducing DG into a distribution network. The influence of DG on the economic performance of a distribution network. Finally, the study scouted for available information on the implementation of a demand response (DR) program on the performance of a distribution network in the presence of DG. Findings: Available information reveals that the reliability of DG for reducing the technical losses in a distribution network is higher than relying on alternating current controllers. There are indications of renewable energies in developing countries for introducing DG into a distribution network. According to the articles reviewed, the approach for the optimal location of DG did not include the combination of the voltage stability index and power loss reduction index. It is also worth considering using the power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) for DG sitting. The economic influence of DG on a distribution network's performance has not been evaluated based on the technical loss, generation cost, emission cost and reliability. It is also worth considering the benefits of demand response programs in the presence of DG. Research limitation: The review concentrated mainly on DG's influence in reducing technical loss. Articles relating to the effect of DG on other distribution network technical issues such as voltage stability, harmonics etc. also require attention Practical implications: Distribution network performance is essential for the operation of electrical gadgets. Therefore, improved distribution network performance will result in the economic development of a country. Originality/Value: This paper provides the platform that stimulates interest in using DG to improve the distribution network performance.
... The study 17 calculates the various reliability indices of the IEEE RBTS integrating DERs using the Markov model which is not efficient for a large network and there is no provision of multiple DGs. In a similar study using the VPP scenario in 18 , the ETAP software is used to evaluate the reliability of the IEEE RBTS integrating DERs at one or multiple locations but the financial aspects of these improvements are not taken into account. In 19 the study relates to the optimal allocation of DR with the utilization of other smart grid technologies for the reliability enhancement is proposed without considering DER. ...
One of the major driving factors in the shifting of the present grid paradigm to an active grid network is the reliability and resiliency of the utility network. With hefty investment in the distribution network protection and maintenance, the reliability of the feeders is considerably enhanced; however, large numbers of outages are still occurring every year which caused major production loss to the manufacturing sector. In this paper, the role of the solar grid-based Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is evaluated in the state power utility for the reliability enhancement and cost minimization using a multi-objective model based on MILP optimization. A 90 bus industrial feeder having automatic reclosers, DER, and DSM is selected on which the MCS method is utilized for computing reliability indices using the utility reliability parameters. The value of reliability indices such as EENS is declined by 68% by utilizing the VPP scenario. These values of this reliability index are fed into the multi-objective model for cost minimization. After running the optimization, the results reveal that the operational and the annual energy cost are reduced by 61% and 55% respectively which advocates the VPP implementation in the utility network. Both modes of the Virtual Power Plant such as grid-connected and autonomous mode have been discussed in detail. Lastly, the results of the developed model with MILP are compared with the proprietary derivative algorithm, and it is found that the proposed MILP is more cost-effective. The overall results advocate the VPP implementation in the utility grid as the economical advantage is provided to both utility and the consumers in terms of reduction in EENS and energy charges respectively.
... In [7], it is added that DGs help in improving network reliability, and the intermittent nature of the generation sources can be utilised to complement protection devices to ensure maximum energy available to customers. Furthermore, [8] brings network automation into the picture and conducts a study using various reliability indices to prove that using both system automation and auto-reclosers can deliver reliability improvements. ...
... Many simulation techniques are adopted by using different power system simulation software which also provides good output indicators to arrive at suitable conclusions based on the simulation results. Simulation studies are carried out using Neplan software in [1], [24], [26] using ETAP in [3], [8], [12], [16], [17], [18], [19], [21] DigSILENT PowerFactory in [7], [14], [25], [28]. [29], using MiPower in [6], [15], using DISREL in [30] and using MATLAB in other works. ...
... Solar PV has been considered as choice for DG in most of the literature. Energy storage has been considered in [1], micro hydro in [13], Diesel generator in [26] and wind in [7], [9], [12], [13], [15], [18], [22], [26]. ...
As an effective supplement to the centralized fossil fuel based traditional generation, Distributed Generation (DG) has become an effective alternative choice and has been rapidly increasing since past few years due to growing demand for electricity and the new policies of governing bodies for usage of green energy. In overall power system, distribution systems are more vulnerable to faults and reliability aspects of such systems becomes an important issue. With higher penetration of DG into the distribution network, it will be necessary to study the impact of such generation on the various aspects of distribution system. Thus, increase in rate of penetration DGs into the distribution system on one side and increased faults in distribution network on another side, will make the study of impact of DG integration on distribution system reliability an interesting topic of research. The present work focuses on evaluation of impacts of integration of such DGs on reliability of local distribution network, typically in an urban scenario By using the simulation method using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, the impacts of integration of DG in terms of enhancement in distribution system reliability indices and reduction in system losses for different scenarios are studied and presented in this paper. Based on the simulation results obtained and after analysis of the distribution system, overall results are summarized by focusing on the installation of suitable capacity of DG and the location of DG which are important factors affecting the system losses and system reliability indices.
... From now on, policies are oriented towards energy production as close as possible to the centres of consumption with interconnections, to the extent possible of production centres. This new trend that is referred to as DG creates a new grid structure that the difference with the traditional one is illustrated in Fig. 4. [20]. ...
This thesis addresses the global question of grid-connected utility-scale energy storage for the integration of energy generated from variable sources, in the context energy transition. Specifically it focus on the case of Cameroon with the objective to formulate an objective point of view about the idea of promoting the pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) alternative for sustainable power generation in Cameroon. To reach this objective, some key aspects supporting the need for bulk energy storage in the power system of Cameroon were analysed, based on a critical analysis of the country’s power sector. Afterwards, the technical feasibility of inland small-scale PHES operable with limited environmental impact was analysed, using a spatial analysis model implemented in a geographical information systems (GIS). Finally, the compliance of the local PHES opportunities with sustainability requirements was checked, using a multi-criteria decision-making model for PHES siting. As results from this study, massive grid-connected storage was presented as the missing link in the country’s energy commitment. The feasibility of PHES in Cameroon was established as 21 suitable sites were identified totalling an energy storage potential of about 34 GWh, and finally a ranking of these opportunities from a sustainable development perspective was proposed. It was therefore suggested that the Government of Cameroon works with other stakeholders in the power sector to produce a comprehensive energy storage roadmap to valorise the country’s graceful energy assets.
... According to Kehinde (2013); Ahmad (2017); Ayamolowo et al. (2017), distribution system failure accounts for 85 to 90 percent of the total power unavailability when compared with failure of other sections of electric power systems, therefore reliability assessment of distribution system is important to ensure formidable and effective power systems. The inclusion of distributed generators (DGs) in a distribution system helps to improve the overall reliability of the electrical network, reduces system loss and assists in meeting the overall power demand of the system (Pal & Ghosh, 2012;Martinez-Velasco & Guerra, 2016). ...
... Figure 1 (c) shows the meshed structure with all substation and consumers connected via more than two lines. This design has an improved reliability, reduced downtime and repair time (Ahmad, 2017). ...
... These reliability indices are expressed as defined in (Bertling, 2002;Pal & Ghosh, 2012;Adebayo et al., 2013;Zhou, & Huo, 2014;Ahmad, 2017 ...
... In addition, there are two index groups to evaluate the reliability performance of distribution systems, which are the system index and the customer load point index [41]. The generally accepted reliability indices, IEEE, which is the Standard P1366 number, are defined as the Rules for the Distribution of Electrical Reliability Indexes [42]. ...
The main task of distribution systems is to provide acceptable reliability, economic and quality service of electrical power according to the demanded load value. To fulfill this task more accurately, the reliability performance of the distribution system can be performed and measured using a wide variety of indices, which are divided into energy indices and frequency/expectation indices. This study evaluates the reliability indices of a part of the distribution network selected as a model and deals with the selection of the most suitable feeder by connecting energy storage units to the busbars. Using IEEE Standard 1366 reliability indices, historical data from Prosperous Electricity Distribution Company (PEDC), which is used to evaluate reliability based on the 5-year past reliability assessment of the power system (RAPS), was selected. In addition, as an innovation in this application process, energy storage systems (ESS) have been evaluated according to four different network configurations (A-B-C-D) to increase RAPS and achieve more realistic results. Using DigSILENT, ESS-based configurations are designed, comparisons are made, and configuration B is the best result to increase system reliability and the 80E6 feeder is optimal. In addition, reliability changes achieved by network configuration have demonstrated the importance of optimal configuration planning to improve the uninterrupted and sustainable energy quality of the system based on storage technology.
... Power system is designed to provide sufficient electrical power supply to the customers in its area with an acceptable level of the supply reliability [1,2]. Today, utilities try to maximize system reliability, improve efficiency, and reduce costs by using protection system, distributed generation system, by reconfiguring the feeder, by connecting the end of the feeder to other substation [3]. ...
... Power system is designed to provide sufficient electrical power supply to the customers in its area with an acceptable level of the supply reliability [1,2]. Today, utilities try to maximize system reliability, improve efficiency, and reduce costs by using protection system, distributed generation system, by reconfiguring the feeder, by connecting the end of the feeder to other substation [3]. ...
... According to [1][2][3], distribution system failure accounts for 85 to 90 percent of the total power unavailability when compared with failure of other sections of electric power systems. Therefore reliability assessment of distribution system is important to ensure a formidable and effective power systems is obtained. ...
... Meshed structured distribution system has all substation and consumers connected via more than two lines. This design has an improved reliability, reduced down and repairs times [3]. ...
... Power system hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly performance can be measured using the IEEE standard reliability indices such as Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI), System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), the Average Service Availability Index (ASAI) [6][7]. These reliability indices are expressed as defined in [3], [5], [6], [8][9][10]. (5) Nai = Number of customers interrupted at load point i. ...
