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Distinction between different scenarios of the involvement of natural and human factors in soil water erosion changes.
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Previous research has primarily focused on soil erosion issues in arid and semi-arid regions, with a limited understanding of soil erosion mechanisms in tropical areas. Additionally, there is a lack of a holistic perspective to determine the spatial attribution of soil erosion. The conversion of tropical rainforests into economically driven plantat...
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Context 1
... scenarios were classified according to trends in the three forms of S A , S P , and S R to illustrate the driving mechanisms of climatic and anthropogenic factors on soil erosion changes in the study area (Table 1). Note: IC, IH, and IB refer to increases in soil water erosion driven by climatic, anthropogenic, and climateanthropogenic factors, respectively. ...Context 2
... scenarios were classified according to trends in the three forms of S A , S P , and S R to illustrate the driving mechanisms of climatic and anthropogenic factors on soil erosion changes in the study area (Table 1). Note: IC, IH, and IB refer to increases in soil water erosion driven by climatic, anthropogenic, and climateanthropogenic factors, respectively. ...Citations
... Ma et al. [16] utilized the CSLE to study long-term soil erosion variation in the Zhifanggou watershed. Zou et al. [54] discussed principal causes of soil erosion occurring in the key watersheds of Hainan Island and demonstrated that changes in soil erosion in tropical regions are predominantly influenced by a mix of natural and human-induced factors. A multitude of studies have demonstrated that the CSLE has evolved to fulfill the standards for soil erosion evaluation and monitoring in China. ...
The damage caused by soil erosion to global ecosystems is undeniable. However, traditional research methods often do not consider the unique soil characteristics specific to China and rainfall intensity variability in different periods on vegetation, and relatively few research efforts have addressed the attribution analysis of soil erosion changes in tropical islands. Therefore, this study applied a modification of the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) to evaluate the monthly mean soil erosion modulus in Hainan Island over the past two decades, aiming to assess the potential soil erosion risk. The model demonstrated a relatively high R², with validation results for the three basins yielding R² values of 0.77, 0.64, and 0.78, respectively. The results indicated that the annual average soil erosion modulus was 92.76 t·hm⁻²·year⁻¹, and the monthly average soil erosion modulus was 7.73 t·hm⁻²·month⁻¹. The key months for soil erosion were May to October, which coincided with the rainy season, having an average erosion modulus of 8.11, 9.41, 14.49, 17.05, 18.33, and 15.36 t·hm⁻²·month⁻¹, respectively. September marked the most critical period for soil erosion. High-erosion-risk zones are predominantly distributed in the central and eastern sections of the study area, gradually extending into the southwest. The monthly average soil erosion modulus increased with rising elevation and slope. The monthly variation trend in rainfall erosivity factor had a greater impact on soil water erosion than vegetation cover and biological practice factor. The identification of dynamic factors is crucial in areas prone to soil erosion, as it provides a scientific underpinning for monitoring soil erosion and implementing comprehensive water erosion management in these regions.
... In theory, an increase in runoff resulting from an increase in the volume and intensity of rainfall, favors the desagregation and transport of soil particles, intensifying the water erosion process. This climatic factor assumes an even greater weight in soil losses in tropical regions, where the variation of air and rain temperature controls, in a more intense way, the magnitude of the erosion process (Machado et al., 2008;Zou et al., 2024). ...
This work is based on the hypothesis that in climate change scenarios, the hydrosedimentological cycle is affected and the amount of sediment produced in the basin is altered. The area used for the study is the Marombas watershed. Future flow was projected by the SWAT model under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios, from 2020 to 2099. The SWAT model was calibrated on a daily scale between 1979 and 1989 and validated between 1994 and 1997. The Nash-sutcliffe values found were 0.91 for calibration and 0.74 for flow validation and 0.74. for calibration and 0.50 for sediment validation. The long-term hydrological projection (2020-2099) indicated an increase in monthly average flow of 10.4% and 16.5% for scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. The results showed an increase in modal flow (Q50) in both scenarios evaluated and in the occurrence of extreme events in RCP 8.5, as well as a reduction in the grantable flow (Q95 and Q98), in both scenarios. The results also indicated a trend of sediment production three times higher in the future than in the base period. This increase was attributed to the better temporal distribution of rainfall, resulting in higher soil moisture throughout the days, which is conducive to increased flow and intensified water erosion.
... Based on the digital elevation data (DEM) of the Changhua River Basin with a 30m spatial resolution, the data related to the filling depression, flow direction, flow rate, and water flow length were calculated and ultimately integrated to obtain the raster maps of the slope length factor and slope factor in the Changhua River Basin. The slope length factor is calculated as shown in equation (5) [59]: ...
Soil erosion is one of the most serious ecological and environmental problems facing southern China. The Changhua River Basin on Hainan Island is affected by soil erosion, which is causing the soil environment to become more fragile. Compared with the Revised Soil Erosion Equation (RUSLE), the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) is based on a large amount of Chinese local data and research results, which more accurately reflect the actual situation of soil erosion in China and therefore have better accuracy and applicability in the Chinese region. By combining GIS and RS technologies, this study establishes the CSLE model of the Changhua River Basin, quantifies the soil erosion data via image elements from 2020 to 2022 using the spatial interpolation method, classifies the erosion intensity, and analyzes the spatial and temporal change characteristics of soil erosion. The statistical results show that, during the period from 2020 to 2022, the area of slight erosion in the Changhua River Basin increased by 553.25 km², with a rate of change of 15.83 %, and the areas of mild erosion, moderate erosion, intense erosion, very intense erosion, and severe erosion decreased by 446.42 km², 64.4 km², 25.73 km², 11.25 km², and 5.45 km², respectively, with rates of change of −31.05 %, −30.08 %, −36.58 %, −18.02 %, and −13.85 %, respectively. Slight erosion is defined as soil erosion less than the permissible soil loss and is not regarded as soil erosion, and the other erosion intensities showed a yearly decreasing trend, indicating that the soil erosion control was effective during this three-year period. In the work of soil and water conservation, it is especially necessary to determine the main factors influencing soil erosion and predict the areas that may be prone to such erosion. Therefore, on the basis of establishing a characteristic model using land use type, slope and soil type, and through superposition analysis, we obtained the spatial and temporal change characteristics of soil erosion. The research results are as follows: (1) slight erosion is mainly concentrated in forested areas, and forested land has a better capacity for soil and water conservation; (2) mild, moderate, and strong erosion mainly occur in cultivated areas and areas with a slope of 0–5°; (3) areas of built land and areas with a slope of 8°–15° are more prone to intense erosion, although they cover a smaller area; (4) when the slope is greater than 15°, the overlap range with the forest area is larger and the slope is no longer the main factor leading to soil erosion. Thus, it can be seen that forest land significantly reduces the impact of soil erosion. (5) among the different soil types, Technosol, Ferralsol and Fluvisol all have less than 55 per cent uneroded area and are generally less erosion-resistant, while Lixisol and Acrisol are relatively more susceptible to a high degree of erosion hazard (Extremely strong erosion, severe erosion).
