Figure 5 - High Cryptic Diversity across the Global Range of the Migratory Planktonic Copepods Pleuromamma piseki and P. gracilis

Figure 5. Digital images of the posterior prosome and urosome of P. piseki – P. gracilis animals from four genetic clades.
Animals from (A) clade A, (B) clade C, (C) clade G, and (D) clade E are shown in ventral and right lateral views. By traditional morphological criteria, animals in (A), (B), and (C) would be identified as P. piseki and the animal in (D) would be identified as P. gracilis. Note that clade A and C both have a large black pigment spot at the copulatory pore, as well as a marked groove on the left side of the genital double-somite near the posterior margin (marked by an arrow), which was included in the original species description for P. piseki (Farran 1929). Clade G (panel C) also has a large black spot at the copulatory pore, but the spot is located at the posterior edge of the genital boss, and appears as a right-left oval rather than round in shape. Animals from this clade apparently lack the marked groove on the left side of the genital double-somite (absence visible at the black arrow). Finally, animals in clades E and B have genital characters that appear ‘gracilian’ (P. gracilis-like), as shown in panel D on a clade E specimen.

Digital images of the posterior prosome and urosome of P. piseki – P. gracilis animals from four genetic clades. Animals from (A) clade A, (B) clade C, (C) clade G, and (D) clade E are shown in ventral and right lateral views. By traditional morphological criteria, animals in (A), (B), and (C) would be identified as P. piseki and the animal in (D) would be identified as P. gracilis. Note that clade A and C both have a large black pigment spot at the copulatory pore, as well as a marked groove on the left side of the genital double-somite near the posterior margin (marked by an arrow), which was included in the original species description for P. piseki (Farran 1929). Clade G (panel C) also has a large black spot at the copulatory pore, but the spot is located at the posterior edge of the genital boss, and appears as a right-left oval rather than round in shape. Animals from this clade apparently lack the marked groove on the left side of the genital double-somite (absence visible at the black arrow). Finally, animals in clades E and B have genital characters that appear ‘gracilian’ (P. gracilis-like), as shown in panel D on a clade E specimen.

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Reference

High Cryptic Diversity across the Global Range of the Migratory Planktonic Copepods Pleuromamma piseki and P. gracilis - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Digital-images-of-the-posterior-prosome-and-urosome-of-P-piseki-P-gracilis-animals_fig1_258117708 [accessed 13 Jun 2025]

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Figure 5.  Digital images of the posterior prosome and urosome of P. piseki – P. gracilis animals from four genetic clades.
Animals from (A) clade A, (B) clade C, (C) clade G, and (D) clade E are shown in ventral and right lateral views. By traditional morphological criteria, animals in (A), (B), and (C) would be identified as P. piseki and the animal in (D) would be identified as P. gracilis. Note that clade A and C both have a large black pigment spot at the copulatory pore, as well as a marked groove on the left side of the genital double-somite near the posterior margin (marked by an arrow), which was included in the original species description for P. piseki (Farran 1929). Clade G (panel C) also has a large black spot at the copulatory pore, but the spot is located at the posterior edge of the genital boss, and appears as a right-left oval rather than round in shape. Animals from this clade apparently lack the marked groove on the left side of the genital double-somite (absence visible at the black arrow). Finally, animals in clades E and B have genital characters that appear ‘gracilian’ (P. gracilis-like), as shown in panel D on a clade E specimen.

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<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Digital-images-of-the-posterior-prosome-and-urosome-of-P-piseki-P-gracilis-animals_fig1_258117708"><img src="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258117708/figure/fig1/AS:340773766746117@1458258205219/Digital-images-of-the-posterior-prosome-and-urosome-of-P-piseki-P-gracilis-animals.png" alt="Digital images of the posterior prosome and urosome of P. piseki – P. gracilis animals from four genetic clades.
Animals from (A) clade A, (B) clade C, (C) clade G, and (D) clade E are shown in ventral and right lateral views. By traditional morphological criteria, animals in (A), (B), and (C) would be identified as P. piseki and the animal in (D) would be identified as P. gracilis. Note that clade A and C both have a large black pigment spot at the copulatory pore, as well as a marked groove on the left side of the genital double-somite near the posterior margin (marked by an arrow), which was included in the original species description for P. piseki (Farran 1929). Clade G (panel C) also has a large black spot at the copulatory pore, but the spot is located at the posterior edge of the genital boss, and appears as a right-left oval rather than round in shape. Animals from this clade apparently lack the marked groove on the left side of the genital double-somite (absence visible at the black arrow). Finally, animals in clades E and B have genital characters that appear ‘gracilian’ (P. gracilis-like), as shown in panel D on a clade E specimen."/></a>