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Different stages in the development of Corydoras aeneus: (a) eleutherembryonic phase (3.6 mm SL), (b) protopterygiolarval phase (5.3 mm SL), (c) pterygiolarval
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An ontogenetic series of in-captivity bred Corydoras aeneus was used, in order to study the developmental changes in the external morphology. Allometric growth of several body parts was studied, attempting to reveal important steps in the species’ early life history. Based on the external morphology, the different stages during early development of...
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Context 1
... hatching, larvae have a SL of 3.5 ± 0.2 mm (±SD). From this size up to 4.4 mm SL, a yolk sac is present. During this eleutherembryonic phase (Fig. 2a), specimens are unpigmented and the mouth and anal opening are still closed. Distinctly large, ovally shaped, pectoral fins are present, lacking any fin rays and mainly consisting of a large skin fold. Two pairs of oral barbels, the maxillary and external mandibular barbels, are present and the median finfold is undifferentiated. The ...
Context 2
... 3 to 5 dph, at a SL of 4.4-5.7 mm, a yolk sac is no longer present and an extra pair of oral barbels, i.e. the internal mandibular barbels, begin to develop (Fig. 2b). The anus and mouth open, as does the opercular cavity. At this protopterygiolarval phase, faint body pigmentation appears on the lateral side and head of these specimens. The pigmentation on the head is concentrated in a double line, which runs from the buccal area over the eye, to the back of the head. Further, pigmentation is ...
Context 3
... specimens aged 7-23 dph, with a SL between 5.7 and 14.0 mm (the pterygiolarval phase), the finfold further differentiates (Fig. 2c). At 11 dph (SL 7-8 mm), the dorsal fin is almost fully detached from the finfold, the pelvic fins start to develop and pigmentation is present at the base of the future anal and adipose fin, where in both cases the finfold also starts to indentate. At 16 dph (SL 11-12 mm), all the fins are fully detached, except for the adipose fin. ...
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Early life-history stages of the loricariid catfish Ancistruscf.triradiatus are described, from pre-hatch embryos to juveniles. The descriptions, as well as metric characters, indicate that the free-swimming embryonic stage is followed directly by the juvenile stage, without a true larval stage or metamorphosis. Intense, but gradual ontogenetic hea...
Citations
... The length-weight relationship of Qihe C. auratus in this study presented a high correlation, with R 2 > 0.97, which reflects the high dependability of the obtained data in expressing the relationship between length and weight (Shi et al., 2019). In addition, the phenomenon of allometric growth during early larval development has been reported in different fishes (Huysentruyt et al., 2009;Peña and Dumas, 2009). Allometry is an adaption to a changing external environment, improving the capacity of growth and survival by producing some adaptive changes in organs or body external morphology (Peña and Dumas, 2009). ...
Qihe crucian carp (Carassius auratus) is a valuable fish species in China that has two reproduction modes, unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction. However, little is known about the differences between offspring of Qihe C. auratus produced by these two reproduction modes. A thorough multi-aspects comparison of the offspring produced via the two reproduction modes would provide essential guide to aquaculturists in the artificial breeding and farming of Qihe C. auratus. Therefore, this study compared the growth performance, feed utilization, and morphological traits between homologous and heterologous juvenile Qihe C. auratus after three-month successive culture. Noticeably, homologous fish grew faster than heterologous fish in terms of the body size and final body weight; the feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and the values of all 15 measured traits of homologous fish were significantly higher than that of heterologous fish. However, for external morphology, heterologous fish had relatively larger head size and thicker body. Additionally, the significant direct effects of the morphological traits on body weight varied between homologous and heterologous fish at different culture stages. Therefore, six independent regression equations were constructed to evaluate the relationships between different morphological traits and body weight. Further, in some traits, the homologous and heterologous fish presented discrepant allometric growth patterns. Finally, discriminant function equations (total accuracy: 92.78%) were successfully constructed based on morphological indexes to ease the identification of homologous and heterologous Qihe C. auratus. These findings suggest that homologous fish can grow faster, but heterologous fish have a thicker body, which is of higher economical value and a key parameter that determines quality and price.
... Embryonic and larval development is very rapid in most ornamental fish species. For example, egg hatching time in African tiger fish (Hydrocynus vittatus) is 22 hours (Steyn et al., 1996), in striped gourami (Colisa fasciatus) 30-36 hours (Barman et al., 2013), in jewel tetra (Hyphessobrycon eques) species 16 hours (Park et al., 2014) and 3-4 days in bronze corydoras (Corydoras aeneus) (Huysentruyt et al., 2009). This situation is essential in terms of monitoring the developmental stages of sampling more frequently, especially in ontogeny studies of ornamental fishes. ...
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önemli bir besin ve istihdam alanını oluşturmuştur. Geçmişte kısıtlı
imkanlar ile yapılan avcılık ve yetiştiricilik faaliyetleri günümüz
teknolojisinin gelişmesi ile birlikte çok farklı bir boyut kazanmıştır. Bu
bağlamda son yıllarda su ürünleri alanında yapılan bilimsel
araştırmalarda kayda değer artışlar yaşanmıştır. Bilimsel çalışmalardaki
artış ile eş zamanlı olarak su ürünleri sektöründe de büyük bir gelişme
yaşanmış ve üretim miktarındaki artış hızı, sektörü dünyanın en önemli
alanlarından biri haline getirmiştir. Günümüz dünyasında vazgeçilmesi
mümkün olmayan bir kaynak durumunda olan su ürünleri kaynaklarının
sürdürülebilir kullanımı, yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar sonucu elde edilen
verilerin kullanılması ile mümkündür. Bu noktada yapılan her bir
çalışma su ürünleri kaynaklarının sürdürülebilir kullanımına katkı
sunmaktadır.
Su ürünleri sektörüne daha sürdürülebilir ve güçlü bir yapı kazandırmak
için bilim camiası ve özel sektör için rehber niteliğinde olduğunu
düşündüğümüz bazı modern perspektifler bu kitapta sunulmaktadır. Bu
amaç doğrultusunda yapılmış bazı araştırmaları içeren bu kitap ile su
ürünlerinin farklı alanlarındaki teorik ve pratik konular ele alınarak su
ürünleri camiasına faydalı bilgiler verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kitabın
hazırlanmasında emeği geçen bölüm yazarlarına, teknik ekibe ve böyle
bir kitabı bilim dünyasına kazandıran İKSAD Yayınevi'ne
teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Kitabın su ürünleri sektörüne ve diğer
araştırmacılara yararlı olmasını içtenlikle diliyorum.
... Embryonic and larval development is very rapid in most ornamental fish species. For example, egg hatching time in African tiger fish (Hydrocynus vittatus) is 22 hours (Steyn et al., 1996), in striped gourami (Colisa fasciatus) 30-36 hours (Barman et al., 2013), in jewel tetra (Hyphessobrycon eques) species 16 hours (Park et al., 2014) and 3-4 days in bronze corydoras (Corydoras aeneus) (Huysentruyt et al., 2009). This situation is essential in terms of monitoring the developmental stages of sampling more frequently, especially in ontogeny studies of ornamental fishes. ...
... Pimelodus species occurring in the Lower Amazon The pectoral fin of P. blochii appears in later stages of development (flexion onset), as described for other Pimelodus species Almeida et al. 2018b). This late formation is unlike other siluriform larvae, which have buds of pectoral fins at hatching, as has been recorded in species of Auchenipteridae and Doradidae Huysentruyt et al. 2009;Santos et al. 2017b). The functionality of the mouth and anus, together with eye pigmentation and the development of barbels, recorded in P. blochii larvae in the preflexion stage, may be associated with the beginning of exogenous feeding a food transition phase when individuals acquire greater insight to obtain their prey (Oliveira et al. 2012;Mello et al. 2015;Santos et al. 2020;Oliveira et al. 2020). ...
Larval ontogeny of the long-whiskered catfish Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840 is described, providing useful characters for identification and determining the growth pattern throughout its development. Eighty-nine larvae classified in three stages (preflexion, flexion and postflexion) and 30 juveniles were analyzed, totaling 119 individuals. The specimens were collected monthly from January 2013 to May 2019 in the lower Amazon river. A suite of morphological, morphometric, and meristic data was used to describe the stages of development. Three analytical regression models were used: simple linear, quadratic and piecewise regressions. The larvae are characterized by small to moderate eyes, subinferior mouth, and long barbels (maxillary larger than the mental barbels), triangular-shaped adipose fin, and the final part of the intestine reaching half the body. Pigmentation consists of dendritic chromatophores distributed irregularly in the body, ventral region and head, intensifying in the flanks and dorsal region throughout development. The total number of myomeres has a mode of 42 muscle bundles, ranging from 40 to 42 (15 to 16 pre-and 25 to 26 post-anal) and the number of fin segments corresponded to: pectoral = I + 9, pelvic = 6, dorsal = I + 6 and anal = 11–12. All body variables showed discontinuous isometric growth, indicating a deceleration in the structural modeling of the body, between the flexion/post-flexion stages and acceleration in post-flexion/early juvenile period. Precisely when the formation of the fin rays, muscles and organs of the digestive system and ossification are observed, suggesting low morphological variation during ontogenetic development. Pimelodus blochii differs from other congeneric species in the lower Amazon river by meristic characters, which helps to correctly identify individuals in early stages of development.
... These sizes are generally in line with the growth curves presented in (Huysentruyt et al., 2009). These videos were then scored to analyse larval behaviour. ...
Many social animals acquire social behaviours during development, and social experience during development can be vital for acquiring necessary social behaviours in adulthood. We investigated the development of a distinctive tactile interaction behaviour in Bronze Cory catfish, in which adults interact with one another tactilely during foraging and during group responses to threats. We found that larvae respond to applied tactile stimulation with a flight response significantly less often as larvae matured. This habituation to tactile stimulation is consistent with developing appropriate adult social behaviour. We also found that social exposure affects the larval response to tactile interactions with conspecifics, and that isolation in early life leads to a greater likelihood of responding to tactile interactions with conspecifics with a flight response. This suggests that social exposure is important for developing social tactile interaction behaviour and underscores the particular importance of early experience in social development.
... This is not surprising, as the brains of fish have previously been shown to keep growing, even during adulthood (Lindsey & Tropepe 2006). Moreover, several studies have already reported allometric growth of different organs in relation to body size during development (Osse & Boogaart 1995, Van Snik et al. 1997, Huysentruyt et al. 2009). In medaka, we observed a correlation between pituitary length and brain size in juveniles, but this was not the case in adults. ...
Luteinizing hormone (Lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) control reproduction in vertebrates. Using a transgenic line of medaka, in which green fluorescent protein expression is controlled by the endogenous lhb promotor, we studied development and plasticity of Lh cells, comparing juveniles and adults of both genders. Confocal imaging and 3D reconstruction revealed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Lh cells in both genders from juvenile to adult stages. We show that Lh cell hyperplasia may be caused by recruitment of existing pituitary cells that start to produce lhb, as evidenced by time lapse recordings of primary pituitary cell cultures, and/or through Lh cell proliferation, demonstrated through a combination of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incubation experiments and proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining. Proliferating Lh cells do not belong to the classical type of multipotent stem cells, as they do not stain with anti-sox2. Estradiol exposure in vivo increased pituitary cell proliferation, particularly Lh cells, whereas pituitary lhb and gpa expression levels decreased. RNA-seq and in situ hybridization showed that Lh cells express two estrogen receptors, esr1 and esr2b, and the aromatase gene cyp19a1b, suggesting a direct effect of estradiol, and possibly androgens, on Lh cell proliferation. In conclusion, our study reveals a high degree of plasticity in the medaka Lh cell population, resulting from a combination of recruitment and cell proliferation.
... Food capturing and predator avoidance are critical issues contributed to essentially related organogenesis for feeding (Porter and Theilacker, 1999;Makrakis et al., 2005) and swimming (Murphy et al., 2007;Huysentruyt et al., 2009). Development of organs associated with these functions must occur in a mutual balance Rodríguez-Mendoza et al., 2011;Saemi-Komsari et al., 2018). ...
... Nimbochromis venustus larvae exhibited positive growth in tail length by day 9 followed by negative allometric growth pattern later on. The positive allometry of tail has been reported in sturgeon (Gisbert and Doroshov, 2006), croaker (Shan and Dou, 2009) and catfish (Huysentruyt et al., 2009). Tail length positive growth coefficient in the early life history could enhance swimming capacity considering the changes in swimming style from anguilliform to subcarangiform (Van Snik et al., 1997;Osse and Boogaart, 1999;Osse, 1990). ...
The giraffe cichlid Nimbochromis venustus Boulenger, 1908 is a well-known species in aquarium trade. The laboratory-reared electric giraffe cichlid was studied in terms of early morphological development and allometric growth pattern from hatching until the juvenile stage i.e. 51 dph. Total length increased linearly from hatching until 51 dph, with a high regression coefficient. The yolk sac exhaustion completed throughout 15 days. Significant morphological and morphometric variations occurred before the yolk sac absorption and early juvenile stage by evolving the anterior and posterior body section which improve swimming ability and food capturing. Positive growth coefficient of the body and trunk lengths were occurred after inflexion point coinciding with development of digestive system function. Eye diameter showed negative allometry at the inflexion point of 9.3 mm, continuing with positive growth rate until day 51. Body shape variation in early life history revealed consequent development in anterior and posterior body section in preflexion phase and development of body and trunk length in post flexion phase to support high survival of larvae. The present study emphasizes ontogenic study of different species to interpret biology and ecology of fish in association with evolutionary biology.
... The differentiated growth of the body, especially in height suggests the development of the musculature (Taguti et al., 2009) and indicates changes in the type of diet (Andrade et al. 2014). Regarding the distances between the snout and the pectoral (SnP), dorsal (SnD) and anal fin (SnA), these alterations may be reflecting the change in the mode of swimming and locomotion, as observed in Corydoras aeneus larvae (Gill 1858) by Huysentruyt et al. (2009). ...
The early development of Tatia neivai (Ihering 1930) was analyzed (i) to characterize its morphological, morphometric and meristic development; and (ii) to examine its possible ontogenic variation as a result of the development of structures and organs necessary for survival. Samples were collected in the Baía River, basin Paraná River, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, between February 1999 and April 2000. After identification, the specimens were separated according to notochord development, and the morphometric and meristic characters were measured and counted. Forty-seven larvae and one juvenile with standard length ranging from 6.10 to 23.10 mm were analyzed. Larvae exhibit a cylindrical and highly pigmented body, small eyes, short intestine, terminal mouth, one pair of maxillary barbels and two pairs of mentonian barbels (relatively short). The juveniles presented a body shape similar to their adults. The total number of myomeres (33–35, 12 to 14 pre-anal and 20 to 23 postanal). Number of fin rays: dorsal I+4, anal I+9; pectoral I+5 and ventral six. During ontogeny, morphological changes observed in T. neivai have important ecological consequences, especially between flexion and postflexion stages (metamorphosis) when the larvae develop all necessary structures for its survival, such as locomotion and feeding.
... The information on larval morphology and relative growth patterns during early development of the new candidate species for aquaculture upholds the optimal rearing protocols and greatly improve effective production of high quality juveniles and adults (Çoban et al. 2009). In this aspect morphometric ratios could be used as a combine criteria for the qualitative evaluation of control and cultured larvae and juveniles to determine intraspecific variations (Koumoundouros et al. 1999).The allometric growth model is widely used for relative growth analysis during early larval development (Celik and Cirik 2011) especially in the last decade with many taxa of teleost, such as sparids (Çoban et al. 2009), sturgeon (Gisbert and Doroshov 2006), catfish (Huysentruyt et al. 2009), sea horse (Roos et al. 2010) and serpae tetra (Celik and Cirik 2011). Allometric growth model, also evaluates the developmental plasticity of a particular species (Koumoundouros et al. 1999;Celik and Cirik 2011). ...
... Positive allometric growth of the head is a common feature in the early ontogeny of fish like the carps ) sturgeons (van Snik et al. 1997Gisbert 1999;Osse and Boogaart 2004) and catfishes (Huysentruyt et al. 2009). The positive allometric growth of eye diameter during this period concurs with the findings of Packard and Wainwright (1974), where the linear eye dimension is a direct indicator of brain growth during early life history of fish to enhance the vision. ...
In the present study the relationships between morphometric variables of Chitala chitala (Hamilton 1822) (Osteoglossiformes: Notopteridae) larvae reared at a constant temperature (30±2°C) from hatching to 30 days after hatching (DAH) were characterised through analysis of their allometric growth. The yolk sac and preflexion stage (TL = 13.24 to 16.90 mm) was distinguished by a precedence of sensorial, feeding, respiratory and swimming systems, and the accelerated growth of head (b = 1.36, r 2 = 0.94) and tail length (b=1.12, r 2 = 0.97). The flexion stage (TL = 17.89 to 25.35 mm) was characterised by a change in growth priorities. The body depth (b= 1.28, r 2 =0.86), snout length (b= 1.51, r 2 =0.95) and pectoral fin length ((b= 1.83, r 2 =0.87) showed positive allometry in this phase. At the end of the postflexion stage (TL = 25.97 to 30.45 mm) there is a tendency to isometry for all the growth coefficients including the head length (b= 1.07, r 2 =0.90) and the tail length (b= 1.0, r 2 =0.98), corresponding to transition towards metamorphosing stage for the acquisition of the juvenile form.
... Analysis of differential relative growth pattern, i.e. allometric growth pattern is a common method and important key factor during early development of fishes, since it contains crucial information on ecological and biological demands and functional performance of fishes (Gisbert 1999;Osse and van den Boogaart 1999;Huysentruyt et al. 2009;Peña and Dumas 2009;Ç oban et al. 2012). Most important features during early developmental stages of fishes are starvation and predation, which affect their survival (Bailey and Houde 1989). ...
The early development of the angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) was studied from 1 up to 51 days post-hatching under culture conditions. The left side of specimens was photographed and morphometric parameters, including total length, head length, tail length, trunk length, eye diameter, caudal peduncle and body depth, were measured using the software ImageJ. Allometric growth pattern was calculated as a power function of total length and the patterns in allometry were described by the growth coefficient to reveal important steps in the species’ early life history. In addition, the anatomical changes were described. The early development of this species was divided into four stages: the eleuthero-embryo, propterygio-larval, pterygio-larval and juvenile. During the first two stages, the growth rate of the head and tail was higher, whereas, in last two stages, the growth rate of the head decreased and the growth rate of the trunk increased, especially at the juvenile stage. This body shape changes revealed priorities to develop the organs related to vital functions such as branchial respiration, nervous system and exogenous feeding during preflexion stages (TL = 4.52–5.54 mm). The growth pattern of the trunk turned to relatively positive allometric growth pattern during the juvenile stages reflected in a deeper body shape along with developed long dorsal and anal fins and higher position of the pectoral fins, an adaptation to its adult lifestyle. The results confirmed this fact that morphological development and growth patterns during early life stages in P. scalare closely match its immediate required function.