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Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is one of the most common fused-filament feedstocks for 3D printing. The rapid growth of the 3D printing industry has resulted in huge demand for ABS filaments; however, it generates a large amount of waste. This study developed a novel method using waste ABS to fabricate electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs)...
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Plastic waste is an outstanding environmental thread. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most abundantly produced single-use plastics worldwide, but its recycling rates are low. In parallel, additive manufacturing is a rapidly evolving technology with wide-ranging applications. Thus, there is a need for a broad spectrum of polymers to...
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... ABS can be utilized in various applications and industries since its characteristics and cost are between low-cost commodity thermoplastics and high-performance engineering plastics [34]. It has been extensively used as housing material for electrical appliances, desktops, and transportation systems [35]. ...
... polymers, ABS, is in high demand due to its outstanding technology. The increased waste from ABS is partly a result of its high demand [35]. ...
... The addition of PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) to the waste ABS increased the fiber diameter and porosity of the ENMs, improving their wettability and hydrophilicity. The hydrophilic ENMs allow water to pass through more easily, making them useful for water filtration [35]. ...
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a polymer used for diverse applications such as automobile parts, electronic components, and consumer goods owing to properties like high impact strength, lightweight nature, and chemical resistance. However, the extensive use of ABS polymer generates a significant amount of waste, which has environmental repercussions due to improper disposal, such as landfilling and incineration, which severely threaten the ecosystems around us. Recycling ABS waste reduces the burden on landfills and enables us to reuse waste ABS, which aligns with the principles of sustainability. This article discusses the processes involved in recycling ABS waste, including collection, segregation, recycling technologies, preparation of blends, and applications of recycled ABS. Mechanical and chemical recycling technologies are comprehensively covered as these are the two main recycling technologies employed for ABS waste recycling. This review attempts to cover recent ABS recycling techniques and highlight the significance of ABS plastic recycling for the circular economy. Recycling ABS waste is vital in extending its lifespan, leading to more cost-effective and resource-efficient industrial processes. Embracing the transformative potential of ABS waste unlocks many possibilities and opportunities for innovation while upholding sustainability principles.
Graphical abstract
... The porosity of the membrane surface was determined through a two-dimensional calculation on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, following the methodology in previous studies. 31,32 The elemental component of the dye, which served as the source of the foulant in this experiment, was determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis conducted on a Rigaku NEX OC+EZ series instrument (serial number QC1520) operating in the range 3000−20,000 keV. The chemical bonds in the foulants were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS10). ...
The persistent issue of ceramic membrane fouling poses significant challenges to its widespread implementation. To address this concern, ozone nanobubbles (ozone-NBs) have garnered attention due to their remarkable mass transfer efficiency. In this investigation, we present a novel ozone-NB generator system to effectively clean a fouled ceramic membrane that is typically employed in the dye industry. The surface characteristics of the ceramic membrane underwent significant alterations, manifesting incremental changes in surface roughness and foulant accumulation reduction, as evidenced in atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Remarkably, the sequential 4 h cleaning process demonstrates an effective outcome leading to an almost 2-fold enhancement in the membrane flux. The initial fouled state of 608 L/ h/m 2 increased to 1050 L/h/m 2 in the 4 h state with a recovery of 50%. We propose such membrane performance improvement governed by the ozone-NBs with a size distribution of 213.2 nm and a zeta potential value of −20.26 ± 0.13 mV, respectively. This effort showcases a substantial innovative and sustainable technology approach toward proficient foulant removal in water treatment applications.
... First, pure water's flux was determined, followed by separating antacid particles (Mylanta, USA). 65 Figure 15 shows the distribution graph of the antacid particle size measured using a particle size analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Delsa Nano C). Antacid particles of 852.1 nm in size were reconstituted in distilled water to prepare a 2500 ppm solution. ...
The electrospun nanofiber membrane from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste for water treatment applications has been successfully produced. The PVC precursor solution was prepared by dissolving the PVC waste in DMAc solvent, and a centrifuge was used to separate undissolved materials from the precursor solution. Ag and TiO2 were added to the precursor solution before the electrospinning process. We studied the fabricated PVC membranes using SEM, EDS, XRF, XRD, and FTIR to study the fiber and membrane properties. The SEM images depicted that Ag and TiO2 addition has changed the morphology and size of fibers. The EDS images and XRF spectra confirmed the presence of Ag and TiO2 on the nanofiber membrane. The XRD spectra showed the amorphous structure of all membranes. The FTIR result indicated that the solvent completely evaporated throughout the spinning process. The fabricated PVC@Ag/TiO2 nanofiber membrane showed the photocatalytic degradation of dyes under visible light. The filtration test on the membrane PVC and PVC@Ag/TiO2 depicted that the presence of Ag and TiO2 affected the flux and separation factor of the membrane.
... This trend is in agreement with other studies, which shows a decrease of conductivity with increasing the amount of PVP. 35,36 In contrast to the viscosity, the higher conductivity causes higher stretchability, resulting in a smaller fiber diameter. Although PVP addition also affected the surface tension of the solution, the difference in surface tension was insignificant. ...
Nanofiber membranes were successfully synthesized from expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste with the addition of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) for water microfiltration using the electrospinning method. The EPS-based nanofiber membranes exhibited a smooth morphology and were uniform in size. The concentration of the EPS/PVP solution changed some of the physical parameters of the nanofiber membrane, such as viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension. Greater viscosity and surface tension increase the nanofiber membrane diameter, whereas the addition of PVP results in hydrophilicity. Additionally, increasing the pressure increased the flux value of each variation of the nanofiber membranes. Furthermore, the rejection value was 99.99% for all variations. Finally, the use of EPS waste for nanofiber membranes is also beneficial for decreasing the amount of EPS waste in the environment and is an alternative to the current membranes available in the market for water filtration applications.
This review paper examines the potential of electrospun nanofibrous membranes as a transformative solution to address the increasing worldwide water issue, with a focus on meeting the rising need for effective and environmentally friendly water filtration technology. The utilization of electrospinning facilitates the manufacturing of nanofibrous membranes that possess distinctive structural characteristics, hence providing an outstanding ratio of surface area to volume and allowing for the customization of membrane features. Notwithstanding notable progress, obstacles such as membrane fouling, scalability, and cost-effectiveness impede their extensive implementation. To mitigate these constraints, the use of standardized testing protocols is crucial for evaluating enduring efficacy and dependability within authentic contexts. The analysis highlights the promising prospects of electrospun nanofibrous membranes in the field of water filtration, with a particular focus on the continuous exploration of material advancements, novel manufacturing methods, and the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence and data analytics. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject and encourage stakeholders and researchers to use electrospun nanofibrous membranes in conventional water purification methods. This will help build a reliable water supply for future generations.
The repurposed oral use of spironolactone (SP) as an anti-rosacea drug faces many challenges that hinder its efficacy and compliance. In this study, a topically applied nanofibers (NFs) scaffold was evaluated as a promising nanocarrier that enhances SP activity and avoids the friction routine that exaggerates rosacea patients' inflamed, sensitive skin. SP-loaded poly-vinylpyrrolidone (40% PVP) nanofibers (SP-PVP NFs) were electrospun. Scanning electron microscopy showed that SP-PVP NFs have a smooth homogenous surface with a diameter of about 426.60 nm. Wettability, solid state, and mechanical properties of NFs were evaluated. Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 96.34% ± 1.20 and 11.89% ± 0.15, respectively. The in vitro release study showed a higher amount of SP released over pure SP with a controlled release pattern. Ex-vivo results showed that the permeated amount of SP from SP-PVP NFs sheets was 4.1 times greater than that of pure SP gel. A higher percentage of SP was retained in different skin layers. Moreover, the in vivo anti-rosacea efficacy of SP-PVP NFs using croton oil challenge showed a significant reduction in erythema score compared to the pure SP. The stability and safety of NFs mats were proved, indicating that SP-PVP NFs are promising carriers of SP.
