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Dengue remains one of the most serious and widespread mosquito-borne viral infections in human beings, with serious health problems or even death. About 50 to 100 million people are newly infected annually, with almost 2.5 billion people living at risk and resulting in 20,000 deaths. Dengue virus infection is especially transmitted through bites of...
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Vector-Borne Disease (VBD) is an infectious disease transmitted through the pathogenic female Aedes mosquito to humans and animals. It is important to control dengue disease by reducing the spread of Aedes mosquito vectors. Community awareness plays a crucial role to ensure Aedes control programmes and encourages the communities to involve active p...
Fogging with insecticides is one of the main control measures for adult mosquito populations employed in countries that are affected by dengue. In many such countries, urban communities are increasingly characterised by high-density residence in high-rise condominia. Although fogging is typically applied at the ground level, its efficacy in three-d...
Dengue, a vector-borne disease remains as one of the most serious public health problems globally. Incidence of this disease is on an increasing trend and currently over a billion people in tropical and subtropical regions are at risk. In the absence of an operational vaccine, prevention of dengue virus (DENV) is primarily focused upon controlling...
Citations
... Additionally, substandard sanitation practices and inadequate water storage methods have exacerbated the spread of this disease. Collectively, these factors have contributed to an increase in dengue fever cases in urban settings [7]. The increasing prevalence of dengue fever in urban areas can be attributed to several factors. ...
Dengue fever has become a significant public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions and affects millions of people annually. Approximately 390 million people worldwide are estimated to be infected with dengue every year, of which 96 million develop dengue fever. Recently, there has been a noticeable increase in dengue cases, primarily in areas with tropical and subtropical climates. Vaccines have been developed to prevent or reduce the severity of the disease. This study reviews the number of publications on dengue vaccines and related topics worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the research output and create a narrative on global vaccine distribution, challenges in vaccine initiatives, and the future of dengue vaccines as a strategy to combat the virus in endemic countries. We used keywords such as ‘Dengue virus’ AND ‘Vaccines,’ ‘Dengue fever’ AND “Vaccine initiatives” AND ‘Dengue virus’ AND ‘Vaccine safety’ to collect data from the Scopus database. We performed a descriptive analysis to determine the frequency of publications and reviewed the relevant articles for information from the Scopus database. The dengue vaccine initiative is vital in the fight against dengue through collaboration, innovation, and knowledge sharing.
... Although humans are not capable of transmitting the virus, it can be transmitted via blood transfusion from an infected to a non-infected person. Once in the bloodstream, DENV can systematically enter and sequentially damage lymph nodes and blood vessels inducing viremia [83]. ...
Dengue illness, caused by the dengue viruses, continues to be a major global health concern, with increasing incidence and the emergence of severe manifestations such as neurological complications. An overview of the current understanding of dengue epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and research priorities is presented here. Dengue transmission has escalated in recent years, exacerbated by factors such as vector expansion, climate change, and socioeconomic challenges. The clinical spectrum of dengue ranges from mild febrile illness to severe manifestations, including hemorrhagic fever and neurological complications. Neurological manifestations of dengue, once considered rare, are now increasingly reported, encompassing encephalitis, myelitis, and Guillain–Barré Syndrome, among others. Diagnosis primarily relies on laboratory methods such as RT/PCR, NS1 antigen detection, and serological assays. Despite advancements in understanding the dengue pathogenesis, there remains a critical need for effective vaccines, antiviral drugs, improved surveillance methods, predictive models for disease severity, and long-term studies on post-Dengue sequelae. Integrated programs and holistic approaches to dengue control are essential for mitigating its impact. Addressing these research priorities will be pivotal in combating dengue and reducing its global burden.
... The ratio of asymptomatic to symptomatic infection is 2.2:1, and asymptomatic infection has a significant role in viral spread. Transmission of the DENV virus is maintained in two cycles: one is sylvatic between Monkey-Aedes-Monkey in jungle epidemic regions of Southeast Asia where Chimpanzee, Gibbon, and Macaque are the important natural reservoirs of the virus, whereas in village and city areas, the transmission pattern of the virus is Aedes-Human-Aedes that is the human cycle [18]. The incubation period of the virus within the mosquito body is 8-12 days; after that, the mosquito becomes infected with the virus for the rest of its 1-month life span. ...
Dengue, a viral disease, is transmitted by vectors such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. A dramatic rise in dengue cases, exacerbated by climate change and urbanization in recent years, has caused public health challenge. Global warming, associated rise in sea level, and unpredictable rainfall accelerate the survival, development, and dispersal of Aedes mosquitoes significantly influencing dengue disease dynamics. Coupled with increased global trade and travel, dengue has spread to previously unaffected areas. Poor urban planning, overcrowding, inadequate sanitation, and improper water storage are important for favorable breeding environment of mosquitoes. Climate change triggers genetic adaptations in both vectors and virus, mostly enhancing their survival and transmissibility and influencing their virulence and epidemic potential. Effective outbreak control requires timely detection and reporting through integrated disease surveillance systems, and sustainable vector control through breeding site elimination and application of insecticides. Despite there is significant progress in vaccine and antiviral development, its implementation needs further research including community involvement and awareness campaigns. Dengue prevention is possible by understanding the interactions of climate, mosquito ecology, and disease transmission and by successful implementation of appropriate interventions. Therefore, integrated approach of public health agencies, policymakers, and communities is crucial to control and mitigate climate-driven dengue transmission.
... Factors influencing dengue virus transmission include geography, climate, urbanization and globalization (Hoque, 2023). Each year, 50-100 million new infections occur, resulting in approximately 20,000 deaths (Islam et al., 2021). ...
... All authors confirm that we have complied with all relevant ethical regulations. This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) [JKEtika 3/23 (13)] and the Animal Ethics Committee of UMS (AEC 007/2023). ...
Understanding the susceptibility status of mosquitoes to insecticides is critical for effective decision making regarding the use or rotation of insecticides in control programs. In this study, we demonstrated the use of amino acid profiling for the detection of deltamethrin-resistant Aedes albopictus (L.). Mosquitoes collected in the field were first tested with WHO adulticide bioassay kits, and the amino acid profiles of the resistant mosquitoes were compared with the susceptible strain of Ae. albopictus . Samples were lyophilized and derived by silylation and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using standardized, known concentrations of amino acids, we quantified the amino acids in both resistant and susceptible strains. An independent t-test was performed to compare the concentrations of each amino acid between strains. Logistic regression was then performed to assess the relationship between amino acid concentrations and susceptibility status of the mosquitoes. Our results showed that the amino acids in resistant mosquitoes differed significantly from those in susceptible mosquitoes, with the exception of serine. Further regression analysis showed that seven amino acids significantly predicted susceptibility, suggesting that they are suitable as biological indicators for rapid assessment of resistance status in field mosquitoes.
Graphic abstract
Identification of deltamethrin-resistant mosquitoes based on differences in the amino acid profile: Deltamethrin-susceptible and -resistant mosquito strains were lyophilised and converted into esters by silylation, which were then analysed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The difference between susceptible and resistant could be classified by developing a classification model with logistic regression.
... The overlapping symptomatology, including fever, malaise, nausea, and elevated liver enzymes, can obscure the diagnosis and complicate the management. Moreover, the co-occurrence may exacerbate the severity of clinical manifestations, leading to increased morbidity and posing challenges for healthcare providers in regions where both infections are prevalent [6]. ...
Based on the examination of four distinct cases, this case series offers a thorough investigation of the intricate relationship between dengue fever and hepatitis A infection. Despite their distinct origins, both illnesses manifest overlapping clinical features, posing considerable diagnostic hurdles, particularly in endemic regions. The cases reveal consistent symptoms such as elevated fever, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, and irregular liver function test results, underscoring the intricate nature of an accurate diagnosis. Variations in age distribution and the severity of symptoms underscore the necessity for tailored treatment approaches. Diagnostic challenges stem from the similarity in clinical presentations and shared laboratory abnormalities, necessitating comprehensive serological assessments. Therapeutic strategies entail a multidisciplinary approach addressing both hepatic and systemic manifestations, with supportive measures ensuring favorable clinical outcomes. Despite the complexities involved, timely interventions facilitate gradual symptom amelioration and successful patient recovery. Informing clinical practice and directing public health actions, this case series provides insightful information about the diagnostic and treatment complications associated with co-occurring dengue fever and hepatitis A infection.
... During the past few decades, the dengue virus (DENV) became hyperendemic in many areas in the tropics and subtropics [5] and is now considered the most important arboviral disease in humans worldwide, causing 100-400 million infections with approx. 500,000 hospitalizations and 20,000-40,000 deaths annually [6][7][8][9]. ...
Arboviral diseases are serious threats to global health with increasing prevalence and potentially severe complications. Significant arthropod-borne viruses are the dengue viruses (DENV 1-4), the Zika virus (ZIKV), and the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Among the areas most affected is the South Pacific Region (SPR). Here, arboviruses not only cause a high local burden of disease, but the region has also proven to contribute to their global spread. Outpatient serum samples collected between 08/2016 and 04/2017 on three islands of the island states of Vanuatu and the Cook Islands were tested for anti-DENV- and anti-ZIKV-specific antibodies (IgG) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). ELISA test results showed 89% of all test sera from the Cook Islands and 85% of the Vanuatu samples to be positive for anti-DENV-specific antibodies. Anti-ZIKV antibodies were identified in 66% and 52%, respectively, of the test populations. Statistically significant differences in standardized immunity levels were found only at the intranational level. Our results show that in both the Cook Islands and Vanuatu, residents were exposed to significant Flavivirus transmission. Compared to other seroprevalence studies, the marked difference between ZIKV immunity levels and previously published CHIKV seroprevalence rates in our study populations is surprising. We propose the timing of ZIKV and CHIKV emergence in relation to recurrent DENV outbreaks and the impact of seasonality as explanatory external factors for this observation. Our data add to the knowledge of arboviral epidemics in the SPR and contribute to a better understanding of virus spread, including external conditions with potential influence on outbreak dynamics. These data may support preventive and rapid response measures in the affected areas, travel-related risk assessment, and infection identification in locals and returning travelers.
... The distribution of DENV is faster in areas with tropical and subtropical climates. 4 Indonesia is a tropical country which has a high humidity level so that mosquitoes can survive in almost all parts of Indonesia. 5 The majority of areas in Indonesia are DENV endemic areas with DVI cases which tend to increase every year. ...
Indonesia is one of the Dengue Virus (DENV) endemic areas which are dominated by DENV-2 and DENV-3. Until now, no specific drug therapy has been found to cure Dengue Virus Infection (DVI). Punicalagin is one of the active compounds that have the potential to be used as an antiviral. Unfortunately, not many studies have used punicalagin as a DENV antivirus. This study aims to determine the inhibitory potential of punicalagin compounds against NS5 DENV-3 protein through molecular docking. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Tools, ChemDraw, and Discovery Studio Visualizer. The target protein used is NS5 DENV-3 protein with PDB ID code: 4V0Q. The ribavirin compound was used as a positive control. The results obtained show that the punicalagin compound has the ability to attach to target receptors in the C-Terminal domain complex. This docking produces a bond free energy (ΔG) of-6.39 kcal/mol. This result is better than the ΔG of the control compound. Punicalagin's Inhibition Constant (Ki) value also showed better results than ribavirin. So it can be seen that the compound punicalagin effectively inhibits DENV replication and has the potential as a DENV drug candidate.
... Bioinformatics and Biology Insights DENV-2, genomics data show a higher prevalence of the DENV-2 Asian-American genotype and the sporadic detection of other genotypes, including the Cosmopolitan genotypes, which represents the bigger number of cases worldwide. 4,10,11 The constant change in the phylogenetic profile of DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 in the Brazilian Amazon, 2,12 has been sustained mainly by migratory factors. 9,13 This study aims to characterize the DENV genotypes circulating at the state of Rondônia and in the municipality of Humaitá, Amazonas State, both located at the West Amazon. ...
Background
Dengue virus (DENV) causes an important disease and directly affects public health, being the arbovirus that presents the highest number of infections and deaths in the Western Brazilian Amazon. This virus is divided into 4 serotypes that have already circulated in the region.
Methodology
Molecular characterization of a cohort containing 841 samples collected from febrile patients between 2021 and 2023 was analyzed using a commercial kit to detect the main arboviruses circulating in Brazil: Zika, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4 and, Chikungunya. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was performed for positive samples.
Results
The cohort detected 162 positive samples, 12 for DENV-1 and 150 identified as DENV-2, indicating co-circulation of serotypes. The samples were subjected to sequencing and the analysis of the sequences that obtained good quality revealed that 5 samples belonged to the V genotype of DENV-1 and 46 were characterized as DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype—lineage 5.
Conclusion
The results allowed us to identify for the first time the Cosmopolitan genotype in Rondônia, Brazilian Western Amazon, and its fast spread dispersion.
... [31,32] Factors aFFecting the Virus transmission DENV transmission to humans is mainly through mosquito bites of infected female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes [ Figure 1]. [33] This mosquito lives primarily in tropical and subtropical temperate countries. [34] The larva stages of the mosquitoes are found in water-filled areas such as artificial water containers at or near human residences and mostly indoor water collections. ...
... This finding aligns with a study, where gall bladder wall condensing was testified in 94% of patients with severe dengue fever and in 33% of mild cases of dengue. 9 In our research, the next frequently observed complication was ascites, with a prevalence of 38.33%. Numerous prior studies have consistently identified ascites as the most prevalent manifestation of dengue fever. ...
Objective: To assess the range of radiological observations in patients testing positive for dengue serology. Methodology: This retrospective, observational study was conducted at Islamabad Diagnostic Center, Islamabad from September 2022 to March 2023. The Ethical Committee approved this study. All the individuals who arrived at the IDC, Islamabad, complaining of fever and tested positive for dengue serology, from September 2022 to March 2023, were included in our study. A total of 240 patients met these criteria. Patient details, including age and gender, were obtained from the center’s computer system. Results: Severe cases of dengue fever, including thrombocytopenia, were observed in 62 out of 240 patients (25.83%), while mild clinical presentations were noted in rest of the 178 patients (74.16%). The most mutual radiological outcome was wall edema of the gall bladder (figure 2a), seen in 113 out of 240 patients (47.08%). This was followed by ascites (2b), that were observed in 38.33% (n=92) cases. Hepatomegaly was noted in 10.83% (n=26) (2c), splenomegaly in 3.75% (n=9) (2d) respectively. Conclusion: Dengue fever presents with a variety of manifestations. Imaging techniques, especially ultrasound, can be employed to promptly identify the characteristics and complications of dengue fever in emergency situations, even when serological tests are unavailable or delayed.
