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| Diagram of the BIM model during the design, construction, and maintenance phases of the building artefact.
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Recent emergencies have triggered a series of proposals, revisions, and regulatory updates. In Italy, as part of the Italian Decreto Rilancio, a proposal to introduce a compulsory building file seems to have been accepted. If this proposal is followed up, we could soon see the collection of a series of data and information on the building stock of...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the so-called BIM Decree, Italian Ministerial Decree 01/12/2017 n. 560, in the short term we will gradually come into contact more and more with numerous digital building information models (Building Information Model), models that can monitor and hold together all in the phases of the life cycle of buildings (Fig. 1). As is often the case following traumatic events, the pandemic spread of Covid-19 has triggered a series of proposals, revisions and regulatory updates. In particular, in Italy, as part of the Italian Decreto Rilancio, it seems that a proposal to introduce a mandatory building file has been accepted. If this proposal is followed, soon ...
Context 2
... and aligned working environments. If you connect model and database to a web service created ad hoc, i.e. a software able to share data between different systems that allow the exchange of data between the BIM model and web pages, you can create an interface for consulting data that is more immediate in updating and reading by various users (Fig. ...
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Citations
... Nowadays, digital tools give precious support to the investigation on complex urban contexts and processes, generally characterized by articulate relationships between multiple aspects Galizia, Santagati, 2012). Moreover, the fragility of historical city centers requires specific methodologies that respond to the need to have a rapid mapping of the investigated site (Predari et al, 2019) and/or models for the simulation or the management of critical scenarios (Bocconcino et al, 2021;La Russa, Santagati 2020). ...
The aim of the thesis is the definition of a parametric modelling methodology that allows, in a short time and at a sustainable cost, the digital acquisition, modelling and analysis of urban aggregates with the aim of facilitating seismic vulnerability mapping actions in historic centres. The research involves the use of direct data (site surveys) and derived data (available geodata) for the realisation of a parametric City Information Model (CIM). Grasshopper, a Visual Programming Language (VPL) within Rhinoceros, already widely used in the scientific community, was chosen as the working environment for the parametric computational design.
The methodology consists of several progressive steps that can be pursued through two innovative methods (Survey-to-CIM and Scan-to-CIM) defined and developed in this thesis. The choice of which method to adopt depends on the availability of project resources and the type of urban centre being studied. The first method, Survey-to-CIM, is intended to be a low-cost solution that integrates different data and acquisition techniques (direct survey, photo-rectification, expeditious 360 photogrammetry, Street-Level imagery, etc.) within a parametric and responsive flow useful for smaller urban centres and without the need for special professional skills. The second method, Scan-to- CIM, is developed to automate the cognitive operations of interpretation and input of survey data performed by the surveyor. This task is carried out by an Artificial Intelligence system that uses Machine Learning techniques (in particular Random Forest) to identify remarkable geometric-architectural features (openings, walls, stringcourses) within point clouds obtained through digital surveying. Both methods lead to the definition of a parametric CIM system developed in VPL.
The generated CIM model is equivalent to the definition of a semantic 3D City Model since all generated geometries, from the envelope to the interior, adhere to a semantic structure that defines relationships and dependencies. Since there are no guidelines in literature regarding the semantic structuring of city models in a parametric environment, an innovative format defined CityGH is proposed in this thesis. Based on the CityJSON standard, it proposes the same semantic structure of CityJSON but adapting it to the Data Structure of Grasshopper (Data Trees). This format is therefore proposed as an interchange format within parametric models to facilitate their dissemination and application. Thanks to its semantic structure, the parametric CIM model is capable of storing attributes and metadata that are fundamental steps in facilitating the beginning of the FEM analysis activities.
The parametric CIM model defined so far also allows the extraction of structural geometric models, both NURBS and MESH, necessary for the execution of FEM analyses. In particular, a workflow was developed in the thesis that allows FEM analysis both within the VPL environment (Karamba3D, Alpaca4D - OpenSees plugins) and in external software dedicated to structural analysis (SAP2000, FEM-Design).
... 4 For an in-depth review of the on-going experiences in City Information Modelling (CIM) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) and possible declinations in the Built Heritage field, see Bocconcino et al., 2021. 5 For a complete review on the modelling procedures adopted, see 6 The discussion on the reliability of the integrated digital survey data on the historic centre of Bethlehem with regard to acquisition, recording and integration processes has already been extensively addressed in previous project reports and publications. For further information, see De Marco R. (2019). ...
... We investigate the use of the brand-new iMMS BLK2GO Leica's instrument against GOPRO Fusion 360 and we test the possibility to extract from Google Earth 3D mesh tiles of the buildings. The aim is the creation informed and responsive 3D city models (City Information Modeling -CIM) that constitute a synthesis of the survey conducted and become the support for simulations in various contexts (seismic risk, hydraulic, energy performance) (Bocconcino et al, 2021). As case study we chose an emblematic area of the city of Catania (Italy), the ex "extra moenia" district of Rinazzo (made up of narrow, twisting streets and one/two-floor buildings) which in 1881 was affected by the opening of a new road. ...
... Nowadays, digital tools give a precious support to the investigation on complex urban contexts and processes, generally characterized by articulate relationships between multiple aspects (Boido et al, 2021;Galizia, Santagati, 2012). Moreover, the fragility of our historical city centers requires specific methodologies that respond to the need to have a rapid mapping of the investigated site (Predari et al, 2019) and/or models for the simulation or the management of critical scenarios (Bocconcino et al, 2021;La Russa, Santagati 2020). ...
... The integration of (H)BIM-GIS data towards the creation of a CIM for the management of historical heritage in city centers is an increasing need. Several research efforts have been done in this direction (Bonfanti et al, 2021;Vacca et al, 2018;Bocconcino et al, 2021;La Russa, Santagati et al, 2020) although this is still an open research topic. ...
Historical centers represent the outcome of transformations and stratifications of the cities across the centuries. The knowledge of a historical urban environment requires an analytical methodology articulated on several interconnected levels of investigation to model a multi-layered complexity that encompasses the geometric and stylistic features of places (blocks irregularities, narrow streets, stratified buildings), the accessibility (pedestrial zone, no flyzone), the use of existing data (GIS, cartographies). Today the challenge for historical centers is dual: on the one side to make use of expeditious technologies to acquire data, on the other one to create 3D city models that allow to manage, visualize, enquire and use these data in a unique digital ecosystem. Our research deals with a multi-sensor data acquisition, evaluation and integration with the aim of creating informed and responsive 3D city models (CIM) that constitute a synthesis of the survey conducted and become the support for simulations in various contexts (seismic risk, hydraulic, energy performance).
Let us imagine a large sports facility and an integrated system to control its maintenance (structures, facilities, furnishings, communication systems), pre-configure temporary set-ups, procurement of goods and materials, check compliance with technical regulations concerning the safety and regularity of sports and recreational events, contracts with sponsors and suppliers, and the work of technical staff. Then, let’s imagine that this mass of data is supplemented by tracking the flows of people attending events, recording their behaviour through the looks they make, the stops they make, the actions they take. This is the theme of the contribution proposed, an experimental application involving a sports facility of international importance and integrating BIM processes for design and maintenance, social and commercial information systems open to the public, marketing and usage analyses based on sensors and big data, and artificial intelligence capable of prefiguring the safest and most comfortable solutions.
Management and control of urban growth for the development of heritage and improvement of life in the city of Bethlehem a cura di / edited by Sandro Parrinello 3D BETHLEHEM Gestione e controllo della crescita urbana per lo sviluppo del patrimonio ed il miglioramento della vita nella città di Betlemme
Questo volume raccoglie le attività di ricerca e cooperazione allo sviluppo condotte durante il terzo e ultimo anno del progetto “3D Bethlehem”. Si tratta di un periodo che ha subito delle variazioni a causa della pandemia e che ha previsto azioni di sviluppo del sistema informativo per la conoscenza e la gestione della città storica. Docenti e ricercatori dell’Università di Pavia, congiuntamente con gli altri partner del progetto, hanno lavorato assieme alla municipalità di Betlemme per costruire un sistema GIS sul centro storico della città.
This volume collects the research and development cooperation activities carried out during the third and last year of the “3D Bethlehem” project. This is a period that has undergone changes due to the pandemic and which has provided for actions to develop the information system for the knowledge and management of the historic city. Lecturers and researchers from the University of Pavia, jointly with the other project partners, worked together with the municipality of Bethlehem to build a GIS system on the historic city center.
This volume collects the research and development cooperation activities carried out during the third and last year of the “3D Bethlehem” project. This is a period that has undergone changes due to the pandemic and which has provided for actions to develop the information system for the knowledge and management of the historic city. Lecturers and researchers from the University of Pavia, jointly with the other project partners, worked together with the municipality of Bethlehem to build a GIS system on the historic city center.
