Figure 5 - uploaded by Jürgen Bauhus
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Development of dead wood in forests pan-Europe. Note: Country groupings: NWE: Austria , Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark , Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway & Switzerland. SEE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro & Turkey. Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbadjan & Georgia. Eastern Europe: Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation & Ukraine. Source: UNECE/FAO, 2005
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... plays an important role in long-term carbon storage. The amount of dead wood per hectare is slightly increasing in most of Europe ( Figure 5), to some extent a result of increased management for biodiversity. However, the average amount is far below that in the primary forests of the Russian Federation. ...
Context 2
... to further increase the amount of dead wood will benefit both carbon stocks and biodiversity. It should be noted that increasing dead wood content in most forest types is a long-term process ( Figure 5). In some forest types dead wood accumulation is not desirable; this is particularly the case in Mediterranean conifer forests in which woody debris must be removed to reduce the fire risk. ...
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Purpose: REDD is being criticized on several fronts and thus, there is a need for an integrated, comprehensive paradigm that incorporates emissions reduction, biodiversity conservation, and community development, and is leveraged towards sustainability in forests and livelihoods rather than narrower goals such as emissions reduction or conservation.
Design/methodology/approach: A SWOT analysis of REDD is conducted and based on the results of the analysis, a new framework is proposed.
Findings: Although REDD has enormous potential to not just reduce emissions but also provide significant co-benefits, there has also been criticism on various fronts. A new theoretical framework with carbon, conservation, and community as the three pillars has been proposed.
Originality/value: The paper proposes a new paradigm that addresses GHG emission reduction, conservation of forests and biodiversity, community livelihoods support, and valuation of environmental services provided by forests. Forests, covering one-third of the earth’s surface, are home to more than half of the biodiversity on earth, provide multiple ecosystem services, and contribute to more than a billion livelihoods globally. However, forests have largely been mismanaged and remain one of the key challenges in international as well as national policy and governance. The dual role of forests in climate change, both as a source and sink of GHG emissions, adds to the urgency for action. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) is being intensely discussed for its likely role in climate change mitigation. The argument had originated with avoided deforestation, subsequently broadened to REDD and is currently being discussed around REDD+, an indication that there is more to this debate than just incentivizing emissions reduction. Although REDD has enormous potential to not just reduce emissions but also provide significant co-benefits, there has also been criticism on various fronts. The author proposes the climate, community, conservation, and sustainability (C3S) paradigm which would include objectives such as GHG emissions reduction, valuation of environmental services provided by forests, conservation of forests and biodiversity, and community livelihoods support.
