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... Despite the use of synthetic PGRs, shifting to natural PGR alternatives has recently become a favor for several reasons. Synthetic plant growth regulators and phytohormones can be replaced with natural plant extracts since they are less expensive and more environmentally friendly (Sherif, 2017). Specially, organic components have become very popular to accelerate the initiation of the roots from cuttings. ...
A recent trend in plant growth and propagation is to use natural substances rather than synthetic plant growth regulators. Two experiments were conducted to find out the effect of epidermal mucous secretion (EMS) of earthworms and other organic substances including Aloe vera gel, coconut water and ripe banana on rooting of
semi-hardwood cuttings of Citrus aurantifolia and top cuttings of Dracaena sanderiana compared to commercially available plant growth regulators (PGRs). Eleven treatments were prepared using sole application of EMS solution, Aloe vera gel, coconut water and ripe banana, and mixtures of EMS and other organic substances in two different ratios by allocating equal and more inputs from EMS. The present experiments were set up adopting a completely randomized design. The number of roots per cutting, total root length per cutting (cm), length of the
longest root per cutting (cm) and root vigor score were recorded for both plant species where destructive sampling was done at two months after planting for C. aurantifolia and one and two months after planting for D. sanderiana. The number of roots per cutting, length of the longest root per cutting and the root vigor score were significantly greater in the control treatment that used commercially available PGR and the cuttings treated with EMS: coconut water (1:1) for C. aurantifolia suggesting the possibility to us EMS and coconut water mixture to substitute the PGR for root induction in C. aurantifolia. The number of roots, total root length and the length of the longest root per cutting were significantly high in the treatments administrated with Aloe vera gel, ripe banana, and a mixture of EMS: ripe bananas (1:1) together with the PGR at two months after planting for D. sanderiana. Hence, the ingredients listed above could be utilized as alternative organic substances to produce adventurous roots in D. sanderiana top cuttings as same as the PGR. The results of the present study could be extremely valuable for developing a unique organic rooting replacement for the synthetic root inducing materials for C. aurantifolia and D. sanderiana. Nonetheless, additional research is required to validate the results of this study.
... Organogenesis represents the most common type of regeneration in plant tissue cultures, whereas the transition to an altered route of morphogenesis such as somatic embryogenesis necessitates specific signals and stressors for initiation [40]. These stressors are often in the form of plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as thidiazuron (TDZ) [41] and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) [42].The benefits of natural products on development and regeneration have been observed using Aloe vera and seaweed extracts [43,44]. Extracts of these species induced a greater abundance of shoots, leaves, and roots, along with increased height and weight in aspen [43], and improved the production and maturation of tomato somatic embryos [44]. ...
... These stressors are often in the form of plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as thidiazuron (TDZ) [41] and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) [42].The benefits of natural products on development and regeneration have been observed using Aloe vera and seaweed extracts [43,44]. Extracts of these species induced a greater abundance of shoots, leaves, and roots, along with increased height and weight in aspen [43], and improved the production and maturation of tomato somatic embryos [44]. ...
The medicinal plant tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) is acknowledged for its invigorating and healing properties that enhance resilience to stress in various human and animal models by modulating antioxidant compounds. While extensive research has documented these effects in humans, the adaptogenic potential of tulsi in stressful in vitro plant systems has not been explored. This study aimed to elucidate the adaptogenic properties of tulsi leaf extract on the in vitro regeneration of tobacco leaf explants through an investigation of the indoleamines at different developmental stages. Shoot regeneration from leaf explants on the medium supplemented with tulsi extract (20%) was compared to the control, and the differences in indoleamine compounds were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Treatment of the explants with the extract resulted in an almost two-fold increase in the number of regenerants after four weeks of culture, and 9% of the regenerants resembled somatic embryo-like structures. The occurrence of browning in the extract-treated explants stopped on day 10, shoots began to develop, and a significant concentration of tryptamine and N-acetyl-serotonin accumulated. A comparative analysis of indoleamine compounds in intact and cut tobacco leaves also revealed the pivotal role of melatonin and 2-hydroxymelatonin functioning as antioxidants during stress adaptation. This study demonstrates that tulsi is a potent adaptogen that is capable of modulating plant morphogenesis in vitro, paving the way for further investigations into the role of adaptogens in plant stress biology.
... Aloe vera gel is rich in minerals (e.g., calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc), enzymes (e.g., amylase, catalase, lipase, oxidase, and superoxide dismutase), amino acids (e.g., alanine, glycine, leucine, and proline), vitamins (e.g., B-complex, C, β-carotene, α-tocopherol), and phytohormones (e.g., gibberellin, indoleacetic acetic, and abscisic acid). Furthermore, the application of water-diluted, cold-pressed Aloe vera gel as bio-stimulant has been reportedly used on several plant species [4][5][6][7]. The Middle East and the Mediterranean region are home to the annual or biennial medicinal plant known as milk thistle, or Silybum marianum Agriculture 2022, 12, 1649 2 of 10 (L.) Gaertn. ...
... Aloe vera leaves were collected from a two-year-old plant growing at Al Sahab farm (25.2983, 49.6175) in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The Aloe vera leaf gel extract (ALE) was then extracted according to the method described in [5]. ...
... Notably, IAA, which was found in ALE at the concentration (0.63 mg/100 g), plays an important role in cell elongation and the promotion of the stem growth, while gibberellins (16 mg/100 g) enhance plant height and several macro-elements found on the ALE analysis in Table 1 [28]. Similarly, ALE enhancement of plant growth and yield has been well documented in several plants [2,[4][5][6], with ALE increasing the photosynthetic pigments and the potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen contents in S. marianum leaves, compared with control plants. ...
Biotic elicitors such as Aloe vera extract (ALE) have been shown to stimulate growth and modify the bioactive composition of various plant species. ALE has a unique mixture of nutrients that support plant production and growth. In this study, the bio-stimulative effects of ALE foliar spray on plant production and growth, silybin levels, and chalcone synthase gene expression in Silybum marianum were examined. The findings indicated that foliar spray of all the ALE concentrations under study increased plant growth and yield. Additionally, by raising the silybin level of the plant extract, ALE increased the therapeutic value of S. marianum. Further, the activation of the chalcone synthase gene by ALE was analyzed by gene expression research. S. marianum’s growth and production were improved by the application of 60 mL/L ALE, while the silybin level and the chalcone synthase gene expression levels were improved by the application of 40 mL/L ALE. In addition, methanolic fruit extract that contained a higher silybin content also demonstrated a higher anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
... These substances are useful in agriculture since they can improve plant growth in various ways, including the promotion of root development. These natural phytometabolites are free, environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and safe alternatives to synthetic plant growth regulators and phytohormones [19,20]. ...
Cyperus rotondus tubers possess substances with allelopathic qualities. Some of these substances can act as synergists of plant hormones and be used for root induction in cuttings. This study aimed to shed light on the development and rooting of Eucalyptus urophylla cuttings treated with C. rotondus (nutgrass) tuber extract and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% nutgrass extract and 0; 50; 250; 500; 750 and 1000 mg L-1 of IAA), with four repetitions per treatment and four cuttings per plot. Plantlet height, stem width and root length were measured. The greatest width and height values were recorded for the control (0% nutgrass extract and 0 mg L-1 of IAA), indicating that these substances did not contribute to the development of these variables. However, treatments of nutgrass extract up to 50% were associated with greater root length. C. rotundus extract concentrations of 53% can be used to improve root development in E. urophylla cuttings, and contribute to the production of higher quality plantlets.
... Aloe leaf extract (ALE) has been used to improve the vegetative growth of Abelmoschuses culentus, Oenothera biennis and Majorana hortensis 17 . El Sherif 18 suggested that ALE is an efficient alternative source to improve the growth of Populus trees grown under in vitro conditions. Many biologically active chemicals can be found in aloe vera, more scientific research into this medicinal plant would be beneficial, as would promoting its widespread use 19 . ...
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is a widely used herb in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms in fenugreek plants following the treatment of fenugreek seeds with different combinations of biotic and abiotic agents using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR technique. We assessed the effects of two strains of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum (Th-1 and Th-2), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and Aloe vera gel (AVG) on growth parameters of fenugreek plants. Combinations of Th-1, MeJA, AVG significantly increased fenugreek root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, number of true leaves, and chlorophyll content. The Th-2 isolate, on the other hand, markedly slowed plant development (except for root length which was not affected significantly). In contrast, the combination with MeJA had no considerable effect on all growth measures, whereas the combination with VAG resulted in a substantial drop in shoot height and chlorophyll content when compared to other growth parameters that were unaffected. The present study has shown that the PCR amplification of DNA, using five primers for RAPD analysis, produced 62 DNA fragments that could be scored in all genotypes. The total number of polymorphic bands was 26, and the average percentage of polymorphism was 54.21%. The RAPD-PCR results showed that the treatment of fenugreek seeds with Th-1 alone or in combination with MeJA and AVG induced polymorphisms in fenugreek leaves.
Biotic and abiotic elicitors have been reported to promote growth or multiplication as well as alter bioactive compositions of different plant species. Lavandula officinalis is a perennial plant, which produces fragrant flowers that are utilized to prepare the lavender oil. Lavender oil is rich in beta-linalool, cineol, camphor and many other bioactive compounds, which together contributes to its pain relieving, antimicrobial and cicatrizing activities. Micropropagation is a good alternative to propagate lavender as it reduces the time required to achieve the production of essential oil and eliminates the exposures of the lavender plants to environmental pollutants, thus ensuring a better quality of the oil produced. In this study, we have investigated the effects of 3 biotic elicitors - Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE), Aloe vera leaf extract (ALE), Spirulina platensis aqueous extract (SAE) and an abiotic elicitor - Sodium chloride (NaCl) on the growth, multiplication and phytochemical compositions of Lavandula officinalis in-vitro plantlets. All tested biotic elicitors (MLE, ALE, SAE) negatively affected the plantlets fresh weight and shoots height. However, these elicitors were found to enhance the number of leaves per explant. On the other hand, the effect of abiotic elicitor (NaCl) were opposite to that of the biotic elicitors. In contrast to the negative growth effects, SAE and high ALE concentration (40 ml/L) were found to enhance number of shoots per explant. Interestingly, we found that all tested biotic and abiotic elicitors were able to increase the beta-linalool contents in the L. officinalis in-vitro plantlets. We observed that SAE is the best elicitor among the 4 tested elicitors because both 0.5 and 1.0 g/L SAE were able to increase linalool production and enhanced shoots proliferation.
Biostimulants are a powerful tool for optimizing the propagation efficiency of vegetative cuttings, however, their optimal application rates are often species specific. Herein, the root promoting effects of Nutrifield’s biostimulant complex Root Nectar® and the biostimulant willow bark extract were tested on vegetative cuttings from lavender (soft wood) and chrysanthemum (semi-hard wood). Application of Root Nectar® at 1 mL/L achieved consistent improvements in the formation of adventitious roots and root branching in both lavender and chrysanthemum, and 1.06 μL/L willow bark extract achieved best results for both species. The root promoting biostimulant effects of Root Nectar® and willow bark extract can be utilized to speed up propagation of soft and semi-hard wood cuttings, highlighting their applicability to improve process efficiencies in horticultural industries, which are dependent on rapid large-scale vegetative propagation.
