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Organic farming is increasing its share of total world food output and receiving growing support from policymakers concerned with agricultural sustainability issues. This paper studies the characteristics of citrus farmers in the Spanish region of Valencia that affect their probability of becoming organic farmers. A fair understanding of these char...
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Context 1
... [2] has been esti- mated by maximum-likelihood using our sample of 238 Spanish citrus farmers and Stata 12 software (see Cameron & Trivedi, 2010, for details on the estimation pro- cedure). The results for the parameters of interest are displayed in Table 4. The sign of the estimated param- eters of each significant explanatory variable records its effect, either positive or negative, on the likelihood of using organic citrus farming practices, respectively. ...
Citations
... The average size of an orange farm in the Comunitat Valenciana has been reported to be about 3.35 hectares (Beltrán Esteve et al., 2012). However, the average size has also been cited to be less than 1 hectare (Peris Moll Glick (1970) has noted that in 1963, more than 70% of the land holdings in Valencia were less than 0.5 hectare. ...
... The driving force appears to the consumers' self-interest for better personal health (Wier et al., 2005), instead of the protection of the broader environment from destructive agricultural practices (Lillywhite et al., 2012;Swagemakers et al., 2012). The prospect of premium pricing is a critical driving force for farmers to undertake organic farming practices (Beltrán Esteve et al., 2012). There are also instances in which farmers will undertake voluntarily to organic farming because of the extensive use of pesticides and herbicides is harming the health of all farm workers. ...
Orange cropping has been in practice in Ribera Baixa (Valencia, Spain) for several centuries. During the past decade, orange cropping has been under severe economic stress arising from increasing competition from less-costly foreign imports. Consequently, farm-gate prices are depressed, under the regime of fixed percentage distribution of retail pricing. Orange groves are being abandoned in many instances. A practicable and sustainable solution to this persistent economic problem would require a re-structuring of the marketing system to facilitate the sales of organic products and introduction of organic growing practices for oranges as well as secondary organic tree crops.
... Selain itu, penelitian menyoroti bahwa peningkatan kesadaran https://doi.org/10.17509/jik.v21i3.68821 lingkungan dan kemampuan manajerial petani dapat mendorong konversi ke pertanian organik (Beltrán-Esteve et al., 2012). Dalam konteks pengembangan modul pelatihan untuk organisasi petani, penting untuk memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mendorong penggunaan pupuk organik, seperti keanggotaan dalam organisasi petani, pelatihan, dan persepsi positif terhadap manfaat penggunaannya (Velayudhan et al., 2021). ...
The availability of fertilizer is also a problem experienced by several regions in Indonesia, such as Mrayan Village and Baosan Lor Village, Ponorogo. This availability results in less than optimal quality and quantity of existing harvests. Several stakeholders directed the Association of Farmer Groups (Gapoktan) to optimize existing harvests. This research examines collaboration between relevant stakeholders such as the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Tourism, Perhutani, Extension, and LMDH in overcoming existing problems. One of the efforts is processing household organic waste into eco enzymes or alternative fertilizers that can be used when fertilizer availability is limited. This management requires stakeholders to guide and direct Gapoktan and Gapoktan Perempuan in managing waste and converting it into alternative fertilizers. Based on the program already running, creating a training module that the community can use to continue managing organic waste is necessary. The research was conducted using soft system methodology with the results of a farmer organization governance model through community empowerment. The results show stakeholders' role in providing guidance and direction to farmers through counseling by separating organic and inorganic waste and then processing it into eco enzymes that can be used as alternative fertilizer. Through this research, it is hoped that waste can be processed into alternative fertilizer, but its management requires extension workers and local community leaders. AbstrakKetersediaan pupuk turut menjadi problematika yang dialami oleh beberapa daerah di Indonesia, seperti Desa Mrayan dan Desa Baosan Lor, Ponorogo. Ketersediaan ini menyebabkan kurang optimalnya hasil kualitas dan kuantitas hasil panen yang ada. Menyikapi hal tersebut, beberapa stakeholders mengarahkan Gabungan Kelompok Tani (Gapoktan) untuk mengoptimalkan hasil panen yang ada. Penelitian ini mengkaji kerjasama antara stakeholders terkait seperti Dinas Pertanian, Dinas Pariwisata, Perhutani, Penyuluh hingga LMDH dalam mengatasi problematika yang ada, salah satu upaya yang dilakukan ialah pengolahan sampah organik rumah tangga menjadi eco enzym atau pupuk alternatif yang dapat digunakan dikala ketersediaan pupuk sedang terbatas. Pengelolaan ini membutuhkan peran dari stakeholders untuk membimbing dan mengarahkan Gapoktan dan Gapoktan Wanita dalam mengelola sampah menjadi pupuk alternatif. Adapun berdasarkan program yang telah berjalan, perlu dibuat suatu modul pelatihan yang dapat digunakan masyarakat untuk melanjutkan pengelolaan sampak organik. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode soft system methodology dengan hasil berupa model tata kelola organisasi petani melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat. Hasil yang didapat, adanya peran dari stakeholders dalam memberikan bimbingan dan arahan kepada para petani melalui penyuluhan dengan memisahkan sampah organik dan anorganik untuk kemudian diolah menjadi eco enzym yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk alternatif. Melalui penelitian ini, diharapkan sampah dapat diolah menjadi pupuk alternatif, namun dalam pengelolaannya dibutuhkan adanya peran dari penyuluh dan tokoh masyarakat setempat.Kata Kunci: modul pengembangan masyarakat; model tata kelola; stakeholders
... A fast-growing green manure crops are trimmed and ground in the field can provide significant amounts of humus and nutrients. Besides, in an organic system, the pruned parts of a trees should be chopped and incorporated into the soil enhances soil quality, reduces the requirement for chemical fertilizers inputs, and helps cut down on CO 2 emissions (Beltran-Esteve et al., 2012). Rock phosphate should also be added to supplement phosphorous. ...
... Growing flowering plants along the orchard border by arranging small plants towards the crop and taller plants towards the border also helps in creating diversity and the survival of beneficial insects (Shree, 2022). A high level of plant biodiversity encourages a comparably diversified population of microbial and insect species, which contribute to pest management; but, when natural predators are insufficient to exert biological pest control, treatments with mineral oil or paraffin are appropriate (Beltran-Esteve et al., 2012). Aside from cover crops, a variety of plants with pesticide value (such as adhathoda, Ipomea, Calotropis, nirgundi, and others) and insectary plants (such as mustard, sunflower, alfalfa, marigold, French bean, cowpea, maize, coriander, spearmint, peppermint, Ocimum, and others) can be interplanted and used as green manure or mulch. ...
Organic Cultivation of Citrus (Citrus spp.)
Organic Culture of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Plants
... Cerda et al. [27] reported that plant covers (crops and weeds) are valid measures to control extreme soil losses. Concerns for the environment, the welfare of future generations, the aspiration to produce high-quality products, higher economic profitability, and the will to reduce dependence on agrochemicals encourage citrus farmers in the Valencia Region toward the organic transition [28]. Most well-designed studies reported that organic farming has the potential to produce high-quality food, with some relevant increases in terms of health-promoting phytonutrients and certain vitamins and minerals, and lower levels of pesticide residues, which could be assumed to provide health benefits [29]. ...
A transition towards an organic food system is taking place around the world. This process is favored by growing consumer demand, who associate organic crops with being healthier, tastier, and safer for the environment than conventional crops. Citrus is one of the most widely produced crops worldwide and has important socio-economic and cultural significance in the Mediterranean area. The aim of this work is twofold; on the one hand, it reveals the variability of a set of physical–chemical and nutritional quality parameters of two citrus fruit varieties, ‘Navelina’ oranges and ‘Clemenules’ mandarins, from organic and conventional production in a long-term study. On the other hand, taking advantage of the large number of results, a model is proposed that allows the successful differentiation of citrus fruits from organic and conventional production and a tool that allows predicting the production system of citrus fruits. The results suggest that organically produced citrus fruits do not generate differences in terms of external aspects, providing fruits that are acceptable to the market. Organic production techniques influenced the lower peel content and higher pulp and juice content in ‘Navelina’ orange and ‘Clemenules’ mandarin fruits and led to a greater ability to synthesize vitamin C in the juice, more essential oils in the skin, and higher seed numbers, although in all cases, the fruits can be classified as having low seed numbers. Two discriminating equations were obtained that use easy-to-measure parameters to successfully classify organic citrus fruits. The classification and prediction models obtained constitute useful tools to help in the control of the purity/authenticity of organic citrus fruits.
... Beltrán-Esteve et al. [51] showed that agricultural professional training and university education of employees enhance the likelihood of a change to a green farmer. Research using psychological frameworks confirmed that employee efficacy and capacitation played relevant functions in adopting sustainable practices [52]. ...
This article aims to explore the perceptions of banana farms managers towards environmental sustainability practices through the impact of innovation, adoption of information systems, and training employees through a case study in the province of El Oro (Ecuador). Furthermore, the paper assesses how farmers’ perceptions could guide public policy incentives. PLS-Structural Equation Modeling are used as the framework by which the constructs is represented within the model. The model explained 59% of the environmental sustainability practices of Ecuadorian banana farms. The results indicate that environmental sustainability practices were positively influenced mainly by training employees, innovation, and adoption of information systems. Additionally, both the adoption of information systems and training employees indirectly influenced sustainable practices through innovation as a mediator. We may conclude that in the Ecuadorian banana farms, changes in environmental practices are derived from innovation strategies as an axis of development of useful information and training employees in public policies.
... The data collected for this study did not allow distinguishing producers of different crop types. Other potential obstacles for certification we were unable to address are related to bureaucracy and the required financial resources, lower education and insufficient information, and organizational support (Barrett et al., 2001;Beltrán-Esteve et al., 2012;Boncinelli et al., 2017;Salazar, 2014;Veldstra et al., 2014). ...
Organic farming has been proposed as a feasible way to reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture, provide better products to consumers, and improve farmers' income. How organic farmers are distributed worldwide, however, remains unknown. Using publicly accessible registries of organic crop farmers we mapped their distribution globally and related it to local socio-economic, climatic, and soil characteristics. We show that organic crop farmers are mostly present in areas with favorable socio-economic and climatic conditions, both globally but also within countries. Within developed countries, the locations of organic crop farmers often do not differ significantly from the locations of conventional crop farmers. In developing countries, there are, however, larger differences and organic crop farmers concentrate in the more accessible and developed regions. Our results suggest that crop farmers in poor areas may not have sufficient access to certification and markets. To promote the spread of organic farming, certification and other incentives could target farmers in areas with lower market access and higher levels of poverty which could improve value chains for organic products in these areas.
... Operator-related resources. In terms of ecological sustainability , a formal agricultural education (Price and Leviston, 2014) and agricultural professional training and/or university education (Beltr an-Esteve et al., 2012) e as forms of intellectual capital e trust in agronomy, concerns for animals and plants and a sense of being in control of one's destiny have a positive influence (Price and Leviston, 2014). Farms operated by older farmers, by contrast, are less likely to go organic (Beltr an-Esteve et al., 2012). ...
... In terms of ecological sustainability , a formal agricultural education (Price and Leviston, 2014) and agricultural professional training and/or university education (Beltr an-Esteve et al., 2012) e as forms of intellectual capital e trust in agronomy, concerns for animals and plants and a sense of being in control of one's destiny have a positive influence (Price and Leviston, 2014). Farms operated by older farmers, by contrast, are less likely to go organic (Beltr an-Esteve et al., 2012). This is in line with the general finding that farm sustainability (including all three dimensions) decreases with the farmer's age (Dabkien _ e, 2015) which might be explained by older farmers' tendency towards more traditional approaches. ...
Family farms are exposed to severe economic, political, social and ecological changes. To enable intra-family succession and to safeguard the long-term survival of the farm, farming families are therefore increasingly forced to pursue market-driven, innovative and sustainable strategies. A multitude of different research areas has dedicated its research to the future of family farming and a synthesis of the existing literature on innovation, succession and sustainability in family farming seems timely and relevant. The purpose of this article is to systematically review and critically reflect on 53 articles addressing factors related to innovative, sustainable and succession-oriented strategies in family farming. As a theoretical framework, we apply the resource-based view. Findings indicate a strong fragmentation of approaches in all three topics making a cumulative progress of knowledge challenging. Furthermore, we notice a lack of theoretical references in the majority of articles reviewed. This implies the problem that the findings lack connectivity to each other which makes a scientific discourse between the different areas that contribute to research on family farms difficult. From a methodological point of view, research on family farms is rigorous. However, there is room for improvement when it comes to the development of theoretically grounded and empirically approved measurement scales. Furthermore, to stimulate multidisciplinary exchanges, we highlight recent developments in family business research with regard to innovation, sustainability and succession in family businesses and discuss their possible implications for research on family farms.
... In this context, sales of organically farmed produce have climbed to 3% of the total marketed produce from practically null, and are expected to double in the coming years [8]. Organic farming is increasing its share of the world food market and receives growing support from agricultural policies concerned with sustainability [9,10]. Despite the fact that the desire for sustainable agriculture is universal [11], there is no consensus on how to achieve such an ambitious goal [12]. ...
... The cost structure analysis of the sample shows that the average cultivation costs in the region are lower than those of other areas [9,35]. Despite this relative cost advantage, low selling prices and the lack of economic profitability after the withdrawal of the public subsidies resulted in the abandonment of the conventional citrus farms of the region. ...
Over 1000 hectares of citrus fruits crops are grown in the Bajo Andarax district in Almeria
(Spain). The withdrawal of EU subsidies for conventional production led to a drastic loss of economic
profitability of the holdings and, consequently, the abandonment of most of the conventionally
managed farms of the district. In this context, a restructuring of the citrus sector from conventional
to organic farming was implemented as a strategic measure to achieve the long-term sustainable
development of the holdings. This study examines the citrus sector of the district and performs a
comprehensive evaluation of the economic sustainability of this shift from conventional to organic
production. In addition, the impact of the restructuring of the sector on the social sustainability both
at the farm level and at the municipality level is studied. The results of the study are of interest to
other agricultural areas of compromised profitability in which a shift towards organic production can
represent a viable alternative for the economic and social sustainability of the holdings.
... Many smaller farming units are becoming unprofitable because of the administrative and cost pressures. Organic fruit and vegetable producers and exporters face the following additional unique constraints (Beltrán-Esteve et al. 2012;Ndou 2012;Neeson 2008;FAO 2007): ...
http://www.sagreenfund.org.za/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Sustainable-Farming-in-SA-Lit-Review-Asset-Research.compressed.pdf
... Extension/education was very important for adoption of organic farming by farmers [52]. University education and agricultural professional training both increase the probability of becoming an organic farmer [54]. ...
