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Detector setup in the PSB dump line. The beam direction is from bottom to top intercepting first the ceramic plate, then the LIC and finally the IC.
Source publication
The Beam Loss Monitoring System (BLM) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is based on parallel plate Ionization Chambers (IC) with active volume 1.5l and a nitrogen filling gas at 0.1 bar overpressure. At the largest loss locations, the ICs generate signals large enough to saturate the read-out electronics. A reduction of the active volume and filli...
Context in source publication
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Citations
... The saturation of the readout system can take place in locations where highest losses are expected, such as at injection regions. To extend the dynamic range of the system in these locations, two other detector types, Little Ionization Chambers (LICs) [3] and Secondary Emission Monitors (SEMs) [4]- [5], were installed next to the ICs. ...
... To cover the gap between the ICs and the SEMs, a set of LICs were manufactured by filling the SEM-type detectors with N 2 . Various gas pressures were tested and for the LHC the same settings as for the ICs were selected [3]. ...
... Several tests with different gas pressure settings and radiation environments have been made with the LICs and with LIC prototypes [3], [9]. In here only two of the tests, an investigation test at the CNRad facility, and a validation test at the Gamma Irradiation Facility are discussed. ...
The main detector type for beam loss monitoring of the LHC is a parallel plate Ionization Chamber (IC). In the locations where the beam losses could saturate the read-out electronics of the ICs, two other monitor types, Little Ionization Chambers (LIC) and Secondary Emission Monitors, have been installed to extend the dynamic range of the ICs. The LICs have the same gas composition and pressure as the ICs, but the active volume is 30 times smaller. This reduction in geometrical acceptance reduces the collected dose and holds the LICs under the saturation limit in high loss events, such as during injection failures. In total there are 108 LICs installed in the LHC. In this document the performance of the LICs and their use in the LHC is discussed.
The Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system of the Large Hadron Collider protects the machine from beam induced damage by measuring the absorbed dose rates of beam losses, and by triggering beam dump if the rates increase above the allowed threshold limits. Although the detection time scales are optimized for multi-turn losses, information on fast losses can be recovered from the loss data. In this paper, methods in using the BLM system in diffraction studies are discussed.
