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A study was conducted to compare the response rate of telephone interview and Web Survey in Saudi Arabia utilizing Internet usage statistics, as well as experimental design. Official data shows that the reason that led the majority of Saudi people to choose not to interact with Web Survey similarly to the telephone interview is not technical due to...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... are usually expressed in the form of a percentage (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 2006), the later definition is adapted in the study because the sample size is small and item nonresponse is more likely to occur than unit nonresponse in telephone interview. Table 1 shows key descriptive statistics of Web and Telephone Survey response rates, and Figure 3 shows survey mode and respondent gender interaction. An interaction between mode and gender is said to be exist if the mean differences among survey modes are not similar for males and females. ...Context 2
... collection using Web Survey and telephone interview was performed precisely as described in the previous section. Table 1 and 2 show that, in general, males have significantly higher response rate average to research questionnaire than females (F = 4.714, and p-value = 0.035), and have incomparable variation values (i.e., males have significant less variance than females; Levene's Test = 215.683, and p-value = 0.000). ...Context 3
... is, Web Survey encourages Saudi male respondents to answer questionnaire questions more than females, though both genders have the same level of Internet access. Table 1 illustrates the little difference in both statistics between males and females in terms of Telephone Survey response rate. Data shows that males tend to cooperate with the data collectors more than females, yet the difference is not statistically significant (t = 1.419, and p-value = 0.176). ...Similar publications
In many countries, the proportion of the population using cell phones is higher than that with Internet access. Cell phone and Internet penetration rates are high in most university populations. Despite the recent attention focused on surveys of cell phone users, and the preference for using the Internet to survey university students, there have be...
Citations
... Alsubaihi (2008) found that Saudi males tend to participate significantly more in web surveys compared to females, despite both genders having similar levels of internet access. 28 However, future research and initiatives in this context should use strategies to include more females in surveys in order to ensure gender-balanced perspectives. Furthermore, in this work, 32.2% of the participants reported being on medication, while the prevalence of chronic diseases was 27.8%, similar to the findings of a retrospective study of 650,835 individuals aged 16 years or older, which found that 26.7% had multimorbidity. ...
Purpose
This study assessed public perceptions of medical errors in the Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia, and explored how misconceptions about medical complications influence their views on medical errors.
Methods
A cross-sectional study surveyed 432 participants via an online questionnaire. The collected data included demographics, participants’ knowledge, experiences, and perceptions of medical errors, and the accuracy in distinguishing errors from complications. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis.
Results
Overall, 37.5% of participants reported having knowledge of medical errors, and 31.5% had directly or indirectly experienced them. 62.4% believed that medical errors are common or very common, and 84% viewed medical errors as a real problem in the healthcare sector. Misdiagnosis (55.6%) was perceived as the most common type of error. While participants demonstrated 71.1% overall accuracy in differentiating medical errors from complications, 62% erroneously classified severe complications (internal bleeding due to blood thinner treatment) as errors. After controlling for confounders, regression analysis demonstrated that greater accuracy in differentiation error from complications was negatively associated with negative views on medical errors (β = −0.373, p < 0.001), though misconceptions alone explained only 16.4% of the variance in these views. Physicians were deemed most responsible for errors, while inadequate preventive measures, low competency, negligence, and lack of medical staff monitoring were identified as key contributors by the participants.
Conclusion
Negative views on medical errors stemmed in part from misconceptions about medical complications. Targeted educational initiatives clarifying the nature of medical errors and the error-complication distinctions are needed. These measures are essential to fostering trust, improving the accuracy of errors reporting and advancing collaborative safety efforts. The findings from this research advocate for public engagement in healthcare safety initiatives, bridging the divide between patient expectations and healthcare realities.
... Not all institutions publish this information. Additionally, the culture of the society in email use is not evident as seen in other countries as we personally noticed and previously published [20]; social media is a better accept method [21,22] and taking surveys might not be a priority then especially in a topic that is unknown to the survey taker. This affected the response rate significantly [20][21][22]. ...
... Additionally, the culture of the society in email use is not evident as seen in other countries as we personally noticed and previously published [20]; social media is a better accept method [21,22] and taking surveys might not be a priority then especially in a topic that is unknown to the survey taker. This affected the response rate significantly [20][21][22]. ...
Objectives
Oral medicine is a specialty of dentistry that is concerned with the nonsurgical management of disorders and conditions affecting the oral cavity and the oral health care of medically compromised patients. This study assessed the attitude of physicians toward the use of oral medicine services in Saudi Arabia.
Methods
A validated survey was sent, by email and social media, randomly, to medical practitioners located in different cities in Saudi Arabia. This was conducted between October 2017 and December 2017.
Results
Sixty-five physicians (33 %) completed the survey. The majority were in their 30 s; 60 % were male, and 29 % were dermatologists. Sixty percent of physicians knew about this specialty but about half of them did not refer cases to oral medicine specialists. Some of them did not know any oral medicine specialists, while others simply diagnosed and treated cases by themselves.
Conclusion
There is slight knowledge of the oral medicine specialty among medical practitioners in Saudi Arabia, indicating that oral medicine specialists should spend more effort to increase awareness of the specialty which will improve the quality of health care.
... First and foremost, the low response rate (722 responses out of 22,734 sent emails) despite three online reminders that were sent asking faculty members in different Middle Eastern healthcare colleges to participate; this can be due to a multitude of factors. These factors can be cultural in which people in the Middle East are not used to fill out online questionnaires; something that was confirmed in a study that was conducted in Saudi Arabia to compare the response rates between Web and telephone surveys, and found a significantly lower response rate for Web survey compared to telephone survey despite the fact that the number of Internet users is significantly higher than the number of telephone landline subscribers [35]. In addition to the cultural factors, Web surveys had traditionally lower response rates compared to telephone, paper, or personal interview surveys mainly due to people's concern with the confidentiality of the provided information as well as the reliability of the sources of Web surveys [36,37]. ...
... Moreover, the majority of the responders were between 25 to 54 years of age which could be attributable to the low digital literacy level and use of Internet among old faculty members compared to their younger counterparts [39]. In addition, more than 50% of the responders were from Saudi Arabia, which can be due to the familiarity of the responders with the academic institution in which the questionnaire was developed and sent from as well as the higher rate of Internet utilization compared to most Middle Eastern countries [35]. Furthermore, some Middle Eastern countries such as Syria and Morocco were excluded mainly because of the language barrier where most of their healthcare colleges' curricula are not taught in English. ...
Background
Multiple studies have explored the use of active learning strategies among faculty members in different healthcare colleges worldwide, however, very few have described the use of these strategies in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of the implementation of active learning and its various techniques across different fields of healthcare education in various countries in the Middle East.
Methods
A Web-based questionnaire was developed to obtain information on the use of active learning methods. This survey was disseminated among faculty members in healthcare colleges in 17 Middle Eastern countries.
Results
Out of 22,734 online invitations that were sent to faculty members in different healthcare colleges, 2085 (9.17%) accepted the invitations, however, only 722 (34.63%) of those who agreed to participate filled out the questionnaire. Eighty-seven percent of the responders utilized at least one technique of active learning. Active learning was used more frequently by female responders. For example, 54.30% of the female responders reported using learning by teaching as one of their teaching methods compared to 41.30% of their male counterparts (p = 0.0005). The various forms of active learning were used at similar levels in both public and private healthcare colleges. Only minor differences were seen among different age groups or academic positions of the responders, but significant variabilities were noted among the several fields of healthcare education. For example, 61.54% of responders from the nursing faculty reported using reaction to videos as one of their teaching methods compared to 31.11% of their counterparts in the faculty of dentistry (p = 0.0021). The most frequently reported obstacles interfering with the effectuation of active learning include the lack of technical support and time constraints.
Conclusions
Although some barriers to the implementation of active learning exist, it is extensively used by faculty members in healthcare colleges in the Middle East.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s12909-019-1580-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
... Operating companies use these surveys to monitor the perceptions of the users about the service they provide every year or at a 6-month frequency (2). These surveys are usually conducted through traditional methodologies (face-to-face surveys), although currently, Internet-based surveys are increasing in popularity because of the advantages they offer, such as greater cost-effectiveness and a higher degree of anonymity (3)(4)(5). ...
This paper investigates the relationship between perceived service quality, customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions for the Metro of Seville (Spain), a metropolitan partially underground light rail transit (LRT). 3,211 users participated in the case study by completing a questionnaire with 4 different parts: users’ attitudes with regards to the public transit service, users’ perceptions of service quality, travel habits and socioeconomic characteristics of the participants. A 7-step analytic process was applied to the questionnaire instrument in order to adapt it to the specific characteristics of the service, to purify the scale and reduce the number of items describing the service into less number of underlying dimensions. Then, the above-mentioned relationships between perceptions, satisfaction and intentions of users in regards to the LRT service were estimated by using a Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach. Three SEM were calibrated: one for all the users, another one for captive users and the last one for non-captive users of the service. The outcomes of the models provided interesting findings and identified some differences in the attitudes of these two groups of passengers towards the LRT service.
... Previous studies have compared the advantages and disadvantages of both phone and online surveys with respect to the representativeness of the resulting samples (e.g. Al-Subaihi, 2008;Fricker et al. 2005;Chang and Krosnick 2009). These studies indicate that online surveys have poorer coverage of the general population than randomdigit-dialing (RDD) phone surveys. ...
... On the other hand, online surveys employ a self-administration approach that decreases the possibility of social desirability concerns in comparison to phone surveys. Online surveys also enable respondents to control the time and pace of completing the survey questions themselves, potentially reducing the level of satisficing (which is related to task difficulty, respondents' ability, and motivation to answer survey questions [Krosnick, Narayan, and Smith 1996]) and distraction compared to phone surveys (Al-Subaihi 2008;Fricker et al. 2005). Visual presentation of the online survey also helps to reduce measurement error. ...
... Studies have also compared responses to online and RDD phone surveys, checking the similarity of descriptive characteristics of the samples with respect to sociodemographics as well as responses to factual and attitudinal questions. For example, Al-Subaihi (2008) found that males were more likely to respond to an online survey than were females. Fricker et al. (2005), however, showed that the demographic characteristics of online and phone respondents who have access to the Internet do not differ significantly, a finding also confirmed by Vehovar, Batagelj, and Lozar (1999). ...
Researchers in the transportation field rely heavily on traditional random-digit-dialing phone surveys and increasingly on online surveys. Many studies have looked at the strengths and weaknesses of the two methods, but few have examined differences in the inferences that can be drawn from the data generated by the two survey methods. In this paper, we compare both descriptive and inferential results from online and phone surveys with identical questions conducted in Davis, California. Results show that although bicycling behavior does not differ across the two survey samples, many socio-demographic characteristics do. The models developed from each sample have several statistically indistinguishable coefficients but also notable differences in key explanatory factors. The results suggest that online and phone survey methods have the potential to produce significantly different results, both descriptively and inferentially.
... In face-to-face surveys the interviewer conducts a personal interview by asking questions to the respondent; on the contrary, in telephone surveys an interviewer conducts a survey by contacting respondents by telephone, and in mail surveys questionnaires are mailed to sampled individuals persons who complete and return them by mail [23]. More recently, the increasing popularity and wide availability of web technologies provide researchers with a new data collection method called web survey; this method uses the Internet to collect data from sampled populations [2] by interactive interviews or by questionnaires purposefully designed for self-completion. Face-to-face interviews provide for the maximum degree of communication and interaction between the interviewer and the respondent. ...
... For example, Bonnel and Le Nir [6] compare face-to-face and telephone interviews, and Walker and Restuccia [50] and Coderre et al. [10] telephone and mail surveys. Al-Subaihi [2], Braunsberger et al. [7] and Fricker et al. [23] compare telephone interviews and web surveys, while Cobanoglu et al. [9] and McDonald and Adam [37] mail interview and web survey. While these comparisons provide useful information, little research has been done to compare web-based and face-to-face interview surveys. ...
In this paper we investigate on the perceptions of the drivers on the risk of road accident. An objective of the research is to understand how driving attitudes and behaviour influence road accident risk according to the opinions of the drivers. We analyse two different kinds of perceptions: perceptions of users interviewed through a face-to-face survey, and perceptions of users reached by web. So, another important objective of the research is to verify the differences between the two samples, and the reliability of the responses. We proposed to the users an experiment based on the Stated Preferences according to which respondents had to express a ranking of hypothetical driving scenarios characterized by different levels of attributes describing driving attitudes. Logit models are used to estimate the influence of each attribute on accident risk. The results obtained from the two samples conduct to very different interpretations, but we can definitively say that the respect/violation of the driving rules and the correct/incorrect driver behaviour certainly affect the level of accident riskiness perceptions. From the results, we could retain online survey as reliable, and a valid alternative to traditional methods such as face-to-face survey, especially if we consider the advantages linked to the lower cost and the reduced risks of social desirability bias associated with self-administration.
... Initially, 400 copies of the questionnaire were distributed by hand through the researcher's students to a random sample of four different user-groups of COR: financial analysts, managers, bank credit officers and auditors. Overall, 155 copies were fully completed and usably returned which represent a response rate of 38% of the entire population, considered favorably according to Al-Subaihi (2008). The 155 respondents consisted of the following: 20 Jordanian financial analysts, 35 academics in the area of business from Jordanian private and public universities, 75 managers and officers at a higher level from different companies located in Jordan and 25 auditors working in Jordan. ...
The purpose of this paper is to propose a contingency framework of e-readiness for corporate online reporting as a step towards establishing an e-readiness assessment methodology regarding corporate online reporting. This framework reflects the attempt to provide a theoretical background in the field. An extensive review of a number of instruments for assessing e-readiness as well as of other previously developed accounting frameworks was performed to identify the potential factors to be included in the proposed framework. Thirteen exploratory interviews and informal discussions were conducted with academics in the area of accounting and information technology and management information systems, and a pilot questionnaire survey was distributed to collect the perceptions of four different user-groups of corporate online reporting, (financial analysts, managers, bank credit officers and auditors) regarding the potential factors that should be included in the proposed framework. The contingency perspective was employed to integrate several internal and external factors in the form of the proposed framework. A framework was developed to integrate both endogenous and exogenous factors that recognise actual features regarding the e-readiness of corporate online reporting.
... In other cases the original copy of the questionnaire was delivered on the 15 th of July and collected two weeks later by hand in order to maximise the response rate. Overall 114 were fully completed and usable returned which represents a response rate equal to 57% of the participants, considered favorably according to Al-Subaihi (2008). The survey response description is presented in Table 2. ...
This study seeks to explore the perceptions of users regarding Internet financial reporting (IFR) practices inJordan. A questionnaire survey of 200 possible participants of four different user-groups was conducted toinvestigate their perceptions regarding the usefulness and usability of IFR as a source of information in Jordan.114 received responses were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the analysis revealed that there is astrong agreement among the respondents on IFR being useable, accessible and available any time and fromanywhere as a source of information for users’ decision making in Jordan. However, users’ perceptionsregarding usefulness of IFR in decision making significantly differed. They addressed economic factors such asthe cost of having Internet access and the cost of printing accounting information as two concerns regarding thefuture of IFR in Jordan. They also clarified that the traditional copy of the annual report is still the preferablesource of accounting information for Jordanian users.
... Another limitation is the drop-out rate, which was remarkably higher among women (37%) than men (14%) in the present study. The finding appears similar to what was found in a previous Saudi study reporting a higher refusal rate among women than among men [39]. This possibly has implications not only for studies in Saudi Arabia or the Middle East region but also for efforts to involve immigrant women from this part of the world in studies conducted in other countries. ...
... The response rate was 6.8%. Although some authors report on higher response rates [Dennis 2003;Al-Subaihi 2008], we consider the participation in our study satisfactory when generally declining response rates in surveys [Schiefer & Reynolds 2009] and the tight time budgets of the top managers contacted are taken into account. Of the respondents, 56% are board members. ...
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are handled differently in different countries. Whereas global acreage of GMOs jumped to 134 million hectares in 2009 [Cultivation... 2010], in many European countries opposition to GMOs is still strong, and their acreage is very small. This situation poses a difficult situation for many companies and their corporate social responsibility [CSR] strategies. Against this background, we conducted an online survey of 170 agribusiness firms in order to shed some light on how companies handle the conflict between, on the one hand, the growing use of GMOs worldwide and, on the other, the rejection of GMOs by European consumers. The empirical results show that many agribusiness firms perceive the use of GMOs as a highly relevant management issue that shapes their CSR strategies. All in all, agribusiness firms apply a wide spectrum of CSR activities, furthermore, CSR is considered a top management responsibility. GMOs are of aboveaverage relevance in firms that have been criticized for their attitudes towards and use of GMOs. The empirical results have interesting implications for the management of CSR and legitimacy in the agribusiness sector
