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Source publication
Introduction:
Postlingual adults demonstrate impressive performance in speech recognition in silence after cochlear implant (CI) surgery. However, problems in central hearing abilities remain, which complicates understanding in certain situations, such as in competitive listening and in the perception of suprasegmental aspects of speech.
Objectiv...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... is observed that in the GIN test, for both the threshold and percentage, the CG had better results than the SG. These results are better visualized in Fig. 1. Table 2 shows that there was a statistically significant difference between the performance of the groups in the FPT test. It is observed that CI users have worse performance when compared to adults without hearing impairment. ...
Context 2
... the performance of CI users in the tempo- ral ordering ability, this study showed that the individuals had significant difficulty in recognizing and ordering the fre- quency tones (Table 2 and Fig. 2). These results corroborate other studies found in literature, 18,19 that showed a worse performance in the hearing ability of temporal ordering by CI users. ...
Citations
... Previous studies have reported varying opinions on the temporal resolution abilities of CI users. Some researchers (Busby & Clark, 1999;Reed et al., 2009) assumed that NH individuals and CI users have similar temporal resolution skills, whereas others (Duarte et al., 2016;Wei et al., 2007) assumed that CI users have significantly weaker temporal resolution. Blankenship et al. (2016) reported that even though the skills of some NH individuals (mean composite GDT = 5.58 ms) and CI users (mean composite GDT = 24.96 ...
Purpose
Speech-in-noise performance of cochlear implant (CI) users varies considerably, and understanding speech in a complex auditory environment remains challenging. It is still unclear which auditory skill is causing this difficulty. This study aimed to evaluate spectral resolution, temporal resolution, and melodic contour identification (MCI) skills to determine which of these skills is most closely related to speech understanding in noise and to investigate whether these three skills differ among CI users with varying performances in speech-in-noise tasks.
Method
The three-syllable word identification test (in quiet), the Turkish Matrix Test (in quiet, at fixed +8 dB SNR, and adaptively in noise) were administered to evaluate speech perception to 24 adult CI users (18–55 years old). To evaluate auditory abilities, tests involving spectral-temporally modulated ripple, gap detection, and MCI were administered. CI recipients were separated into two groups (good and low performers) based on their adaptive matrix speech reception threshold (SRT) in noise.
Results
The abilities of temporal and spectral resolution were correlated with speech understanding at +8 dB SNR. However, the effect of spectral resolution on understanding at +8 dB SN was not significant. The skill most associated with the Matrix SRT in noise was spectral resolution. The groups differed significantly in both the speech tests and spectral resolution skills.
Conclusions
Varying spectral resolution skills among CI users may affect their speech perception performance in noise. The effects of spectral and temporal resolution on speech perception in noise varied across noise conditions. Thus, there may be an increased requirement for spectral resolution in more adverse listening environments.
... Reduced spectral resolution can lead to difficulties in understanding speech and differentiating frequency information in a complex sound, especially in noisy surroundings [23]. Studies have shown poorer temporal processing abilities in CI users, assessed using gap detection, temporal modulation detection, pitch pattern, and duration pattern tests [24][25][26][27][28]. Few studies have shown the relationship between these spectral and temporal abilities with their music perception. ...
... The impact of the peripheral auditory process cannot be overlooked, as electrical stimulation differs fundamentally from the natural stimulation of the cochlea [25,46]. Additionally, the number of independent channels in the natural cochlea, which play a critical role in spectro-temporal processing, is significantly greater than the limited number of channels available in a cochlear implant. ...
Background
Psychoacoustic abilities play a significant role in speech perception, especially in noise and other abilities such as music perception and cognition. This systematic review intends to understand the psychoacoustic abilities of post-lingually hearing-impaired cochlear implant (CI) users.
Methods
An extensive systematic literature search in the following databases and search engines—PubMed, Google Scholar, ComDisDome (ProQuest), and ScienceDirect, was conducted. Only articles published between 2004 and 2024 that examine the various psychoacoustic abilities of post-lingually hearing-impaired adult CI users were reviewed. A PRISMA statement was followed for the systematic search, and Rayyan software was used to compile and screen articles. The National Institute of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool for observational cohort studies was used for the quality assessment.
Results
Out of 13,664 articles, 13 were selected for the review following a thorough screening of titles, abstracts, and full-length articles. These selected studies collectively evaluated the performance of 212 participants. The articles with a quality rating of fair to good were included in the study. In the 13 studies, researchers investigated temporal processing abilities, spectral abilities, intensity, and frequency discrimination abilities.
Conclusion
Some studies included in the review had small sample sizes. Significant variations were observed in temporal processing performance and spectral abilities among CI users. Overall, CI users demonstrated poorer results across all tests discussed in the studies, with some tests showing statistically significant differences. Multiple subject-related and device-related factors influence these outcomes.
... The basis of these changes is poorly understood, but CI users with post-lingual HL provide a unique opportunity for researchers to understand the role of auditory feedback in speech production more generally (Perkell, 2012;Ubrig et al., 2011). Although CIs are thought to transmit temporal, in comparison to spectral, speech properties quite well, post-lingual CI listeners still have poorer temporal resolution, as measured via gap detection, than typically hearing listeners (Blankenship et al., 2016;Cesur & Derinsu, 2020;Duarte et al., 2016) -if better temporal resolution than pre-lingual CI recipients (Wei et al., 2007). Hence, CI speakers' variable articulatory strategies may reflect not only the absence of auditory feedback during the pre-implantation period, but the temporally degraded nature of the information provided by their device post-implantation. ...
MacIntyre, A. D. (in press). Speech Rhythm in Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implant Listening. In L. Meyer, & A. Strauss (Eds.), Rhythms of speech and language. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/czmea. Abstract: A substantial portion of the global human population live with some level of hearing loss, and the World Health Organisation estimates this disability may affect up to one in four people by 2050. For people who use speech to communicate, hearing impairment can cause serious disruption to daily life, yet we do not fully understand how speech rhythm perception is impacted by hearing loss. Moreover, in the case of people who use cochlear implants to listen, it is unclear how well aspects of speech rhythm are captured by hearing devices. This chapter surveys an interdisciplinary literature, bringing together insights from perception, speech therapy, and hearing and audiological sciences across the lifespan to construct an emergent picture of speech rhythm processing in the context of hearing disability.
... 14 These tests are recommended to assess people with peripheral hearing loss, [15][16][17][18] and they have been validated for the Brazilian population for people with normal hearing. [19][20][21][22] Despite being recommended for use in individuals with peripheral hearing loss, most studies apply tests previously mentioned to compare the effectiveness of auditory rehabilitation after auditory training 23,24 and/or adaptation of hearing aids [25][26][27][28] and there are a gap in the assessment of people who did not undergo auditory rehabilitation. ...
Introduction Peripheral hearing loss, besides causing inadequate auditory input, can lead to distortions in the tonotopic auditory map and reorganization of neural networks. Therefore, the processing of temporal aspects of a sound stimulus and, consequently, the effectiveness of human communication can be negatively impacted.
Objective To test the temporal ordering and auditory resolution of people with mild and moderate sensorineural hearing loss and to compare them with the those of people with normal hearing.
Methods A total of 19 right-handed individuals aged 16 to 59 years with mild to moderate postlingually acquired symmetric bilateral sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study. They were submitted to frequency and duration pattern tests and a random gap detection test.
Results The mean correct response rate in the frequency pattern test was of 66.3%, and, in the duration pattern test, 71.7%. The mean threshold in the random gap detection test was of 14.1 ms. A comparison with the criteria established for normal subjects without peripheral hearing loss revealed that more than half the subjects had abnormal results in the temporal ordering test, while a smaller fraction had reduced temporal resolution.
Conclusions The performance of the subjects with acquired sensorineural hearing loss was poorer than that of the participants without peripheral hearing loss. Their results on the temporal ordering test were also poorer than in the temporal resolution test, demonstrating the importance of analyzing both these auditory skills in people with peripheral hearing loss.
... In many studies in the literature, the temporal resolution ability of CI users has been evaluated using Temporal Modulation Detection Threshold [10,18], Gap Duration Identification [9], and the Gaps-in-Noise test (GIN) [19,20]. The temporal ordering ability was measured using the Frequency Pattern Test and the Duration Patterns Test [20,21]. ...
... In many studies in the literature, the temporal resolution ability of CI users has been evaluated using Temporal Modulation Detection Threshold [10,18], Gap Duration Identification [9], and the Gaps-in-Noise test (GIN) [19,20]. The temporal ordering ability was measured using the Frequency Pattern Test and the Duration Patterns Test [20,21]. However, these studies are generally conducted with adults. ...
... In this test, tonal stimuli with a duration of 17 ms, descent and ascent times of 1 ms, frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz were used. The gaps between the stimuli are presented in randomly prepared order at 0-40 ms intervals (0, 2,5,10,15,20,25,30,40). Although RGDT-EXP has the same stimulus properties as RGDT, gap durations are between 50 and 500 ms [23]. ...
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to compare the temporal processing performance of children with cochlear implant (CI) according to the age of implantation and to determine their relation with auditory perception scores.Methods
In this study, 30 cochlear implant users and ten normal hearing children at 9 and 10 years were included. Children with cochlear implants are divided into two groups according to the age of implantation: group I includes participants whose implantation age is between 13 and 35 months (20 children), group II includes participants whose implantation age is between 36 and 45 months (10 children). Individuals were evaluated with random gap detection test (RGDT), duration pattern test (DPT), frequency pattern test (FPT), the Mr. Potato Head task, word recognition, and sentence recognition test.ResultsA significant difference was found between the control and CI groups in temporal processing performance. The temporal processing ability of CI groups was significantly worse than those of normal hearing. Although there was no significant difference among the groups with cochlear implant in terms of temporal processing performance, children who started to use CI at an earlier age showed a tendency of better performance on temporal processing tasks. There was a significant relationship between Daily Sentence Test and FPT, and the Mr. Potato Head task and FPT rev (the score calculated by accepting the reverse patterns correctly). There was a significant relationship between duration of implant use and temporal ordering performanceConclusion
In this study, children with CI cannot perform as well as normal-hearing peers on temporal processing tasks, even if they had started to use their CIs at an early age. It is important to evaluate temporal processing in implanted individuals and to guide auditory training considering the evaluation results.
... The Gaps in Noise (GIN) test (Musiek et al., 2005) is a clinically feasible and accepted test of temporal resolution but has only been tested in YCI users. Duarte et al. (2016) and Saki et al. (2016) found that YCI users had poorer GIN performance than age-matched YNH listeners, but the correlation between GIN performance and speech recognition was not examined. ...
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aging and cochlear implant (CI) on psychoacoustic and speech recognition abilities and to assess the relative contributions of psychoacoustic and demographic factors to speech recognition of older CI (OCI) users.
Method
Twelve OCI users, 12 older acoustic-hearing (OAH) listeners age-matched to OCI users, and 12 younger normal-hearing (YNH) listeners underwent tests of temporal amplitude modulation detection, temporal gap detection in noise, and spectral–temporal modulated ripple discrimination. Speech reception thresholds were measured for sentence recognition in multitalker, speech-babble noise.
Results
Statistical analyses showed that, for the small sample of OAH listeners, the degree of hearing loss did not significantly affect any outcome measure. Temporal resolution, spectral resolution, and speech recognition all significantly degraded with both age and the use of a CI (i.e., YNH better than OAH and OAH better than OCI performance). Although both were significantly correlated with OCI users' speech recognition, the duration of CI use no longer had a significant effect on speech recognition once the effect of spectral–temporal ripple discrimination performance was taken into account. For OAH listeners, the only significant predictor of speech recognition was temporal gap detection performance.
Conclusion
The preliminary results suggest that speech recognition of OCI users may improve with longer duration of CI use, mainly due to higher perceptual acuity to spectral–temporal modulated ripples in acoustic stimuli.
... A mediana de idade foi de 39 anos, sendo a faixa etária de adultos jovens a mais frequente em outros estudos que avaliaram a percepção de fala em pacientes pós-linguais usuários de IC (18,19) . Em se tratando de indivíduos com idade máxima é de 52,6 anos, não seriam esperadas diferenças relevantes no desempenho, em relação à percepção de fala, uma vez que esta começa a declinar a partir dos 70 anos, pela deterioração da via auditiva do gânglio espiral até o córtex e, também, devido ao declínio no processamento temporal (14,20,21) . Além disso, sabe-se que, quanto mais cedo o indivíduo com perda auditiva pós-lingual recebe um IC, pode haver uma possível redução dos efeitos no córtex auditivo decorrentes do avanço da idade em si (15) . ...
Objetivo
Avaliar o ganho de percepção de fala na ausência e na presença de ruído competitivo; avaliar, após três meses de uso do implante coclear, se houve correlação entre a percepção de fala nas duas condições e correlacionar o tempo de privação auditiva e o lado implantado com a percepção de fala na ausência e na presença do ruído.
Métodos
Participaram deste ensaio clínico 12 indivíduos com perda auditiva de severa a profunda, submetidos à cirurgia de implante coclear. A percepção de fala foi avaliada através do teste Listas de Sentenças em Português, utilizando a direcionalidade Opti Omni, em situações de ausência e presença de ruído competitivo.
Resultados
A percepção de fala na ausência e na presença de ruído competitivo aumentou, em comparação com a percepção de fala pré-operatória com a utilização da direcionalidade Opti Omni e estes achados não tiveram associação com o tempo de privação auditiva ou o lado implantado.
Conclusão
Houve ganho na percepção de fala, tanto na ausência, como na presença do ruído competitivo, com forte correlação entre essas duas situações. Além disso, não houve associação entre tempo de privação auditiva sem o uso do aparelho de amplificação sonora individual ou o lado implantado com o desempenho na percepção de fala.
... As relações do processamento do sinal pelo sistema auditivo central e o uso do IC ainda são fontes de várias pesquisas que relacionam os benefícios do uso do dispositivo a percepção auditiva individual e de outros fatores não auditivos 14,15 . Pesquisas já buscaram analisar as habilidades temporais de resolução e ordenação temporal em adultos pós-linguais usuários de IC por meio do TPD, TPF e pelo teste Gaps in Noise (GIN) 3,16 . A limitada produção de pesquisas nessa área prejudica o conhecimento e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que possam beneficiar essa população. ...
... Sabendo da importância do PAC para o processamento de estímulos verbais e não verbais da fala, nota-se que ainda há poucos estudos que buscaram avaliar as habilidades auditivas na população usuária de IC 3,16 . ...
... Na literatura verificou-se vários estudos com usuários de estimulação bimodal para avaliar o reconhecimento de fala no ruído 6,29,31 e poucos com estimulação bimodal relacionando os aspectos temporais 16 . ...
Objective:
to analyze temporal ordering auditory ability in unilateral cochlear implant users with bimodal stimulation.
Methods:
the study included 15 unilateral cochlear implant users, six with bimodal stimulation and nine with exclusive cochlear implant and a control group consisting of 15 hearing individuals. Both groups underwent the standard duration and the standard frequency tests for temporal ordering auditory ability analysis. In the inferential analysis of the data, the nonparametric statistical tests Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis were used (p<0,05).
Results:
there was a significant difference in the performance of the standard frequency test, and subjects with bimodal stimulation presented a better performance than those with exclusive cochlear implants. The standard frequency test was associated with education and speech therapy. On the other hand, in the standard duration test, there was a relation with the implanted ear. The most frequent errors were discrimination for both temporal tests.
Conclusion:
bimodal stimulation, education and speech therapy influenced the performance of the frequency pattern test, while the implanted side influenced the performance of the duration pattern test.
... The effect of peripheral processes on the temporal resolution is not negligible. Electrical stimulation generated by CI is significantly different from the natural stimulation of the cochlea (Kirby and Middlebrooks, 2009;Duarte et al, 2016). It is obvious that CI cannot completely fulfill the functions of the cochlea. ...
... In this study, we found that the temporal resolution abilities of CI users were significantly low compared with normal participants. These findings corroborate studies by Zeng et al (1999), Duarte et al (2016), and Sales de Meneses et al (2014), in which they found that CI users have considerably low gap detection performance compared with normal hearing participants. However, it is found that these declines in temporal resolution do not affect speech perception in quiet. ...
Objective
The aim of study was to compare the reading, cognitive and auditory processing skills of university educated cochlear implant (CI) users and normal hearing individuals with similar levels of education and to examine the relationship between these skills. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between the demographic information of CI users and the skills that were assessed in the study.
Methods
This study included 30 normal hearing individuals and 30 CI users who were matched for age, gender and cortical maturation. The reading speed of the participants was determined by using a text from the Informal Reading Inventory. Additionally, the Phonemic Verbal Fluency (PVF) Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), P300, Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), and Gaps-in-Noise (GIN) tests were performed.
Results
Reading speed, PVF, FPT and GIN tests were significantly better in normal hearing individuals. However, AVLT and P300 results were not significantly different between the groups. Significant correlations were identified between the skills assessed in both groups. Furthermore, significant correlations were identified between the age at start of auditory (re)habilitation and reading speed in CI users.
Conclusions
Although university educated CI users have worse reading speed and auditory processing skills than their normal hearing peers, their learning and memory performance is similar. In addition, there may be different factors affecting these skills in both groups.
