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The concept of grit refers to an individual’s tendency to keep perseverance and passion for long-term goals despite setbacks or obstacles. The present research examines the psychometric properties of the Georgian version of the Grit. 431 individuals participated in the study. Results from the confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) supported a two-dimen...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... CFA for the two-dimensional higher-order model did not fit of Effort (PE) were first order latent factors loaded on the first order factor. The factor structure and factor interrelations are presented in Figure 1 and Table 2, respectively. Table 2. Also, mean and standard deviations are provided for men and women, indicating that there are no significant gender differences in terms of grit. ...Citations
... In the initial development study by Duckworth et al. (2007), they found a hierarchical model for Grit-O fit the data better than a one-factor model. The same results were shown in a Georgian sample (Sordia & Martskvishvili, 2020); the hierarchical model with two facets fit the data well, albeit after they included residual correlations between three items' residuals. However, others have indicated the factor structure for Grit-O fit better as a first-order factor model in different countries such as Mexico (Marentes-Castillo et al., 2019) and India (Beri & Sharma, 2019). ...
... Some researchers adhere to the hierarchical grit model as outlined before (e.g., Fleckenstein et al., 2014;Schmidt et al., 2019Schmidt et al., , 2021Sordia & Martskvishvili, 2020;Sudina & Plonsky, 2021). Meanwhile, Duckworth et al. (2021, p. 573) themselves have acknowledged that their hierarchical model is not provable with their grit scales ("we here acknowledge our error in interpretation"). ...
The allegedly new volitional-motivational personality construct “grit” is seen as both theoretically and empirically relevant for a host of educational and life outcomes. In a recent debate, however, it has been argued that the construct should be considered as the amalgam of its two assumed subdimensions of Perseverance of Effort (PE) and Consistency of Interest (CI). Opponents of this argument note that the distinction between the two dimensions may merely be the result of different wording (positive and negative) in associated questionnaires. We systematically investigated this notion based on a sample of N = 881 high school students. Participants responded to one of four versions of the short grit scale (Grit-S) asking about their grit in math, foreign language English, and history. The items for PE and CI were each worded either positively or negatively, with all combinations realized. Our results support a strong wording effect but still support the notion of two correlated but distinguishable subdimensions. Finally, our results highlight the importance of differentiating between subjects when investigating grit.
... Criticisms have referred to its factorial structure, the lack of validity of the global grit score for achievement, and the alleged "novelty" of the construct. The hierarchical factor structure of grit that was postulated by Duckworth and colleagues [83,84] and other authors [100][101][102][103][104][105] cannot be conformed empirically, as the fit indexes of a hierarchical model with only two primary factors are always identical to those of a non-hierarchical model with two primary factors [106][107][108][109][110]. ...
The importance of self-related constructs in predicting academic achievement has been increasingly emphasized in recent decades. Typically, bivariate associations of self-related variables with achievements have been reported. Research quantifying the combined predictive power of more than two self-variables has been scarce. Moreover, except for the academic self-concept, these variables have almost always been measured across domains, i.e., without considering the specifics of individual school subjects. The current study aimed to statistically predict academic achievement (operationalized via school grades) in three major subjects (Chinese (native language), mathematics, and English (foreign language)) by using subject-tied scales, namely academic self-concept, conscientiousness, need for cognition, perseverance of effort, and consistency of interest. The sample comprised 791 Chinese adolescents. Each scale was related separately to each of the three school subjects. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were run. The control variable, biological sex, accounted for 2% of Chinese grades and 8% of English grades, but not of mathematics grades. Adding subject-specific self-concept scales increased the explained variance to 7% (Chinese), 16% (mathematics), and 32% (English). Further additions to the other four self-related scales did not increase the variances that were accounted for. The discussion underlines the relevance of subject-specific academic self-concepts as predictors for subject-tied academic achievements.
... It is important to mention that, despite the positive findings on the psychometric properties of the GRIT-O scale in some studies, there are also investigations in which its psychometric results have been questioned and modifications have been made in response to low fit indices in the scale structure. For example, a study conducted by Sordia and Martskvishvili (2020) evaluated the adapted version of the GRIT-O scale in a Georgian population using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The sample consisted of 431 participants ranging in age from 17 to 66 years. ...
... In the European context, favorable results regarding the fit of the bifactorial structure of the GRIT-O scale have been found in countries such as Georgia and the Netherlands. Previous studies conducted in these countries, such as that of Sordia and Martskvishvili (2020) in Georgia and Van Zyl et al. (2020) in the Netherlands, have supported this bifactor structure of the scale. Through these studies, the versatility and adaptability of the GRIT-O scale in diverse cultural and work environments is evidenced. ...
Background
The concept of Grit refers to a person’s ability to maintain perseverance and passion in the pursuit of long-term objectives. However, research on the applicability of the Grit-Original scale (Grit-O) in the Latin American context is limited.
Objective
This instrumental design study aimed to analyze the structure of this scale and its factorial invariance in relation to gender, as well as to examine its convergent validity with job satisfaction and happiness.
Methods
A sample of 364 Peruvian workers that were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling in 2021.
Results
The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-dimensional structure of 12 items presented adequate goodness-of-fit indices. Additionally, the instrument is invariant between men and women. Likewise, the convergent relationship between the Grit scale, job satisfaction, and happiness variables was confirmed, which supports the validity of the instrument in the study context.
Conclusion
The findings of the study confirm that the GRIT-O is a measure with adequate psychometric properties in the Peruvian context.
... Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20; Bagby et al., 1994). The Georgian version of TAS (TAS-20-G) (Martskvishvili, 2020) contains 20 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), assessing the three dimensions of the construct: Difficulty Describing Feelings subscale 5 items); Difficulty Identifying Feeling (7 items); Externally Oriented Thinking (8 items). The TAS-20 is the most widely used instrument to measure Alexithymia, which has been validated in clinical and nonclinical population, including mental and chronic physical illness. ...
... TAS-20 has demonstrated good test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and a replicable three-factor structure remains relatively stable in several cultures and languages Taylor et al., 2003). The psychometric investigation of TAS-20-G (Martskvishvili, 2020) reveals replication of the three-factor structure, good internal consistency coefficients (alphas range from .71 to .84), and reasonable correlations with relevant measures (see also Abuladze & Martskvishvili, 2016). (Krueger et al., 2012). ...
The current study presents the psychometric investigation of the Georgian version of the Cognitive Distortion Scale (G-CDS) (Covin et al., 2011). The Cognitive Distortion Scale measures the 10 cognitive distortions in interpersonal and achievement domains. Altogether 941 individuals, across seven samples (37 clinical participants amongst them) participated in the standardization of the instrument. Confirmatory factory analysis demonstrated good model fit with a 10-factor solution. The G-CDS exhibited acceptable internal reliability and correlated in expected directions with other clinically relevant inventories. Although women scored higher than men on one factor (Should Statements) there were no other gender differences. There were significant differences in all cognitive distortions scores between clinical and control group. Given its respectable psychometric properties, the G-CDS appears to have a high degree of both clinical and research potential.
This study investigates the predictive effects of career expectations and grit on Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) students’ entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, the study examined the effects of demographic variables (gender, college and GPA) on the levels of entrepreneurial intention, career expectations and grit. The study sample consisted of (323) students from undergraduate levels at SQU. The results indicated that career expectations and the "perseverance of effort" domain in grit scale were able to predict entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, based on demographic variables, a statistically significant difference was found in entrepreneurial intentions, career expectations, consistency of interest and perseverance of effort. Considering the current findings, the study recommended expanding research on factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions among university students by adding psychological and social variables as mediators and moderator's factors. Furthermore, the study emphasized the necessity for workshops and training programs to enhance students' understanding of the significance of career expectations and grit in entrepreneurial intention, given the evolution in the educational system. Keywords: Entrepreneurial intention, career expectations, grit, university students, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman.
