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... To overcome the challenges and deficiencies faced by female entrepreneurs, the government and agencies have begun to develop business incubators to help new businesses and startups overcome the challenges they encounter. Entrepreneurs may benefit from being a part of the mentorship, training, and motivation provided by these programs (Wang et al., 2020). An incubator is an economic development program established to increase success and development in business (Leitão et al., 2022). ...
... Business incubators help entrepreneurs translate their ideas into viable and sustainable businesses (Wang et al., 2020). Business incubation gives entrepreneurs the expertise, network, and tools they need to succeed (Hausberg et al., 2021). ...
Economic growth promotes entrepreneurial activity that provides job opportunities, reduces unemployment and social problems, and improves the standard of living. This positive contribution can also reduce dependence on imported goods. Business incubators have proven to be effective in accelerating the growth of new businesses. This chapter aims to investigate and identify the factors of business incubators as a catalyst to facilitate female entrepreneurs' success and bankability. This study adapted the survey method using a questionnaire as a research instrument. This study examines 180 samples through structural equation modeling (SEM). Testing the structured model shows business incubator training has significant relationships with bankability and business success. On the other hand, networking significantly influences business success and does not affect bankability. This study is expected to contribute to generating ideas, programs, and entrepreneurial activities to increase the effectiveness of female entrepreneurship.
... Mashau (2018:54) adds that incubators serve as a strategy for starting business and industry partnerships and fostering innovation and entrepreneurship. Business incubators, as the procedures and venues for technology transfer to encourage the growth of innovation and entrepreneurship, aid more technology entrepreneurs nowadays (Wang et al. 2020:2). ...
Background: Unemployment has been the central socioeconomic issue in South Africa since the democracy in 1994. As a result, the nation’s unemployed youth continue to be at risk in the job market. In the quest for alternatives, youth entrepreneurship has been acknowledged as a crucial strategy for empowering youth through innovation and technology.Aim: This study sought to analyse the impact of innovative entrepreneurial incubators (IEIs) in fostering youth employment within Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality.Setting: This study was conducted within the Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality to analyse the effectiveness of IEIs in supporting young entrepreneurs, thus increasing employment opportunities for the youth in South Africa.Methods: A sample of 20 semi-structured open-ended interviews was conducted, and thematic coding was used for data analysis.Results: The study found that there are several challenges pertaining to the effective implementation of IEIs to foster youth employment in South African municipalities. This is attributed to a lack of funding and educational programmes.Conclusion: The main recommendation is that all municipalities must establish IEIs and devise strategies to ensure that these are implemented effectively.Contribution: This study contributes to improved municipal governance through providing innovative mechanisms that foster effective and efficient implementation of IEIs in South African local government. This contribution aims to ensure that municipalities discharge their constitutional mandate to improve citizens’ standard of living through IEIs, especially in areas with high youth unemployment.
... Business incubators are organisations that provide facilities, services, and business support to help the growth and development of businesses to prospective entrepreneurs or start-ups in the early stages of operation so that they possess the ability to not only endure, but also thrive and achieve success as corporations within a fiercely competitive commercial landscape (Alzaghal & Salah, 2023;Tengeh & Choto, 2015). The business incubator concept is spreading globally (Hu et al., 2023;Torun et al., 2018) and is being implemented in developed and developing countries (Wang et al., 2020). The dynamics of implementing business incubators attract the attention of both academics and practitioners who want to conduct research based on different perspectives (Dhiman & Arora, 2024;Hausberg & Korreck, 2018). ...
Business incubators contribute to the development of entrepreneurship, innovation, and regional economy. However, in developing countries, implementation faces challenges and obstacles that threaten the success and sustainability of their operations. This research examines the influence of incubator resources, service capabilities, and government support on the success of business incubators. We conducted a national survey and used structural equation modelling analysis to test hypotheses on a sample representing seventy-six percent of the business incubator population in Indonesia, one of the developing countries in Asia. Empirical evidence shows that most incubators in Indonesia are non-profit, university-based, and technology business incubators. The incubator's resources and government support impact its service capabilities. However, the incubator's resources and government support do not directly impact its success. The novelty is that service capability acts as a full mediating variable on the influence of government support and incubator resources on the success of business incubators. The final section outlines managerial implications and future research directions.
... The objectives outlined within this perspective hold vital importance in motivating entrepreneurs to foster sustainable entrepreneurial endeavors. This perspective assesses the significance of a strategy that supports technical development as an effective means to drive the adoption of sustainable entrepreneurship (Farinha & Ferreira, 2017;Mason & Brown, 2014;Wang et al., 2020). ...
... To achieve this, implementing programs focused on innovation and sustainability is crucial for developing an entrepreneurial mindset in leaders and employees. Kalar & Antoncic (2015); Lee et al. (2016); Mavi (2014); Wang et al. (2020) The analysis of experts' opinions provided interesting and valuable insights into the key perspectives for enhancing the adoption of innovation in sustainable entrepreneurship. The findings highlighted that two variables, namely increasing economic feasibility and further developing the technical system within innovation ecosystems, hold the greatest influence. ...
... This is particularly the case of the high level in the economy development and the urbanization. Furthermore, the process of urbanization has contributed largely to the social and economic development in many emerging economies, such as, China [6][7][8]. ...
Experience from several advanced economies shows that active government involvement is important for developing entrepreneurial ecosystem and start-up companies. Should Chinese government also participate in entrepreneurial ecosystem development? Much governance policies and measures by Chinese government has been undertaken to support innovation and entrepreneurship, but do these things bring benefits at home? Rooted in the empirical approach, this study offers a case analysis of governance and ecosystems based on a selection of Hangzhou Dream Town, and find local government plays a vital role in the development of local entrepreneurial ecosystem. Furthermore, this study also identifies governance mechanisms-Government-led and market-based that moderate the development of local entrepreneurial ecosystem.
... Las incubadoras de empresas son relevantes porque fomentan el crecimiento de las empresas incubadas (Al Hawamdeh, 2021;Al Mubaraki y Busler, 2012;Ali y Nazmi, 2023;Gao et al., 2021;Owda et al., 2019); ayudan a las empresas a crear oportunidades de empleo, proporcionando desarrollo local (Ali y Nazmi, 2023); son lugares propicios para fomentar y desarrollar ideas innovadoras (Binsawad et al., 2019;Lukeš et al., 2019;Magd y Gharib, 2021;Mas-Verdú et al., 2015;Owda et al., 2019;Wang et al., 2020). ...
... Dada la sinergia que proporciona su estructura, las incubadoras de empresas desempeñan un papel importante para las empresas de base tecnológica porque promueven el flujo y el intercambio de conocimiento (Ratinho et al., 2009;Schmitz et al., 2017;Wang et al., 2020), lo que puede dar lugar a la innovación (Schmitz et al., 2017). ...
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar cómo se produce el proceso de intercambio de conocimientos en una incubadora de empresas de base tecnológica. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria-descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo. El método utilizado fue el estudio de caso. El objeto de estudio fue una incubadora de empresas de base tecnológica ubicada en la provincia de Loja, al sur de Ecuador. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas con las empresas incubadas, cuyo guion fue desarrollado a partir de la identificación de elementos de modelos de intercambio de conocimiento encontrados en la literatura consultada. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que el intercambio de conocimiento en las incubadoras de empresas de base tecnológica se da en función de la presencia de las siguientes variables: conocimiento, fuente de conocimiento, destinatario, contexto y canal. Los factores que influyen en este proceso son las alianzas establecidas por las empresas incubadas y la incubadora, con énfasis en las instituciones de enseñanza e investigación; las interacciones en la incubadora y las motivaciones relacionadas con la búsqueda de innovación; los entornos que utilizan las empresas incubadas para realizar sus interacciones y compartir información, y los conocimientos compartidos por las empresas incubadas, que en su mayoría están relacionados con el desarrollo de los negocios de las empresas incubadas.
... Thus, a region with a larger number of such organizations is expected to have better innovation environment. Furthermore, studies have found evidence of the positive impacts of national incubators on local innovation performance [72,73]. In addition, although few studies pay attention to the potential influence of patent agencies on local innovative activities, it may be an effective indicator of services for local innovators. ...
As the continuous improvement of the quality of innovation becomes increasingly significant for balanced regional development in China, it is critical to provide insights into the sustainability of regional innovation in China from the viewpoint of value. This study estimates regional innovation values based on an improved regional innovation value model incorporating patent values and a regional innovation indicator system. Data for invention patents as well as regional innovation indicators in 282 cities from 1987 to 2019 in China are utilized for estimation. Based on the estimated parameters and Monte Carlo simulation, city-level innovation values are calculated as benchmarks, along with provincial and regional innovation values, to analyze the patterns of the spatial distribution and agglomeration of regional innovation value. The findings are as follows. (1) The regional innovation value model provides an effective way to measure regional innovation in terms of value. (2) The regional innovation values are unevenly distributed; cities with higher innovation values are clustered in Eastern China, while most other cities have much lower innovation values. (3) The innovation values in Eastern China are notably higher, and the differences in innovation values between Eastern China and other regions are large and show a trend of first widening and then narrowing during the sample period. (4) The sustainability of regional innovation is not widely achieved, since highly concentrated innovation value is found in only a few regions in the eastern coastal areas. These findings suggest that promoting China’s innovation capacity and the sustainable development of technological innovation requires continually implementing innovation-driven development strategies, cultivating high-value innovation, optimizing industrial transfer, improving the layout of the national research infrastructure, giving full play to spatial spillover effects, and promoting interregional innovation information exchange in order to achieve the balanced and sustainable development of regional innovation.
... New ventures face many challenges and need assistance for subsequent growth (Hackett and Dilts, 2004). Accelerator programs can help new ventures with the development and utilization of existing resources by providing services in the areas of marketing, management, planning, industry contacts (Scillitoe & Chakrabarti, 2010), intellectual property protection (Hannon, 2005), etc. Existing literature suggests that accelerator programs positively influence new venture performance (Chan et al., 2020;Del Sarto et al., 2020;Pauwels et al., 2016;Hayter et al., 2018;Stayton and Mangematin 2018;Radojevich-Kelley & Hoffman, 2012;Wang et al., 2020Wang et al., , 2021. These programs help new ventures with networking through external and internal networks (Lyons, 2000). ...
... The variable 'Accelerator Program Effect' included two groups --new ventures who were successful and unsuccessful applicants for the program and, a year later, both the applicants/ventures and unsuccessful applicants/ventures from the prior year. We employed the inverse-probabilityweighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) method that uses probability weights for obtaining outcome-regression parameters (Azoulay et al., 2009;Rider & Negro, 2015;Wang et al., 2020;Wu, 2012). IPWRA estimators use one model to predict treatment status and another to predict outcomes. ...
Plain English Summary
Entrepreneurs with high education and experience get more value-added benefits from accelerators. The accelerator programs can help create a 'community of organizations, institutions, and individuals that impact the enterprise and the enterprise's customers and suppliers; entrepreneurs’ resources help create an environment that increases the potential of the new ventures. Additionally, a team of entrepreneurs with education, industry, and entrepreneurial experience can help with the venture's performance. Therefore, accelerator programs should focus on firms with highly educated entrepreneurs since entrepreneurs with high education and experience get more value-added benefits from accelerators. For the corporate managers engaged in corporate/intrapreneurship, employees with industry and entrepreneurial experience can be a great resource, and human resource managers can help with recruiting these individuals. Policymakers should pay close attention to younger firms since they are vulnerable. Further, policymakers should pay close attention to ventures with entrepreneurs with educational experience since entrepreneurs’ industry and entrepreneurial experience can complement their lacking.
... A foundational strand of research considers questions relating to what ESOs are (Grimaldi & Grandi, 2005), what functions they provide within an entrepreneurial ecosystem (van Rijnsoever, 2020), what activities they undertake (Baraldi & Ingemansson Havenvid, 2016;Hackett & Dilts, 2004), and what strategies they should adopt to support entrepreneurs (Tang et al., 2021). A second body of literature has sought to measure the impact of ESOs, both on individual entrepreneurial firms (Woolley & MacGregor, 2021) and on broader economic growth (Wang et al., 2020). Far from being an unqualified success, scholars working in this area find their efficacy to be mixed (Lukeš et al., 2019), with some observing that entrepreneurs participating in an incubator and/ or accelerator program may experience lower chances of venture survival than those not supported by such programs (Schwartz, 2013). ...
Plain English Summary
Incubation research overlooks the artful social practices required to sustain a fruitful incubation context. To maintain a balance between entrepreneurial autonomy and guided entrepreneurship programs, entrepreneurs and incubator management mutually engage in four practices: onboarding, gathering, lunching, and feedbacking. Onboarding fosters a shared understanding of norms, values, and practicalities of participation. Gathering facilitates collective decision-making. Lunching maintains a desirable level of trust. Feedbacking enables the co-creation of ideas and maintains reciprocity. Our findings deepen theory on the interplay between entrepreneurship and context and contribute to research and practice on incubation processes.
... These endogeneity issues may arise through investment effects, or the self-selection of better-performing firms. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and within estimators will tend to overestimate the effects of the explanatory variables and are also unable to address the simultaneity and endogeneity issues (Li et al., 2016;Wang et al., 2020). Thus, our study employs the generalized method of moments (GMM). ...
... It provides an alternative to the standard first difference GMM estimator. Therefore, the system GMM is regarded as an appropriate method for dealing with unobserved heterogeneity, endogeneity, and also situations where the explanatory variables are not strictly exogenous (Liu et al., 2014;Wang et al., 2020). To solve the potential endogeneity problem in the model, we estimate the equation using the system GMM approach developed by Blundell and Bond (2000). ...
The popularity of the circular economy attracts more attention to balance environmental and economic impacts. Many supply chain remanufacturing firms have started to use the cash flow to invest in cost-reduction technologies to increase profits. However, the uncertainty of cash flow significantly affects the technology investment effectiveness, and therefore, some firms attempt to adopt cash hedging strategies to mitigate the uncertainty. This study investigates the impacts of cash hedging on remanufacturing firms' profits and the environment through the lenses of cost-reduction technologies investments. The proposed nonlinear programming models were drawn on cash hedging and risk management theory. Empirical regression analysis was conducted using longitudinal datasets of listed Chinese remanufacturing firms for ten years ranging from 2010 to 2019. Different from the traditional wisdom which argues that cash hedging has a single effect (i.e., positive, negative, or no impact) on corporate economic performance, this paper's results indicate that the impact of cash hedging on corporate profits varies in different conditions; Further, this study is one of the first to identify some interesting conditions, in which cash hedging can bring along remanufacturing firms with profits while protect environment. This study provides insightful suggestions for the manufacturer's and government's policy design.
