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Climate change is expected to affect the most diverse regions of the world in diverse ways, posing additional challenges to managers and populations in the countryside and in the cities. In this chapter, we adopt climate anomaly scenarios considering the variables such as maximum temperature, consecutive days of rain, and number of dry days, to sel...
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... Thus, by exploring the water-food nexus from a territorial perspective, this study contributes to the literature by helping to understand dynamics beyond the urban-rural dichotomy [23], and also fills the gap from previous studies dedicated to problematizing the degree of human and municipal development in relation to the food production of municipalities located in the same administrative or geographic region [17,[24][25][26]. ...
... Following this issue, it is clear that the agriculture-human development-resource nexus is particularly vulnerable to climate change [24] and has an impact on the natural landscape and the environment [8,9,12]. As such, a previous study highlighted that several sugar cane-dependent municipalities in the Southeast (characterized by high agricultural dependency and land concentration, as illustrated by some municipalities described in Table 6) experienced economic collapse following the financial downturn in the sugar cane industry. ...
Efforts to promote human development through agriculture highlight issues that require balanced approaches, considering socio-environmental factors, including equitable water allocation in regions with significant inequalities. This study aims to assess human development disparities across Brazilian regions, particularly in municipalities with high water consumption for irrigation in agriculture and livestock watering. Using public data from 2007 and 2016, a total of 300 municipalities were selected each year for analysis based on water use types. The study compared groups using the Firjan Index of Municipal Development (FIMD) as a measure of human development, employing the Kruskal–Wallis test with a 95% confidence level. We found statistically significant differences in FIMD distribution across all of the groups studied. We also verified that a set of municipalities in the Southeast did not experience significant advancements in development between 2007 and 2016, despite having high water allocations for livestock watering. Additionally, intense water use for irrigation was insufficient to elevate less advantaged regions, such as the Northeast, where half of the municipalities were classified with moderately low values in both years. The challenges in this water–food nexus study highlight the need for more integrated policies to ensure greater justice in human development and in the distribution of natural resource exploitation for agribusiness income.
The application of scientific knowledge to resolve the real-world problems faced by the people of society is essential for any scientific discovery or invention. In handling any problem or crisis, whether man-made or naturally induced, a proper investigation is needed to understand the actual scenario of the matter. Based on collected information about the targeted problem from the real world, an analysis can do in a meaningful way. After that, anybody can decide on beneficial strategies to resolve the targeted issue. In this context, geographical information system (GIS) is a widely used software technology for spatial mapping data about different phenomena in nature and human society. In human society, agriculture is one of the most important economic activities adopted by human beings to sustain their livelihoods. Agriculture is an environmentally influenced and artificially controlled activity that faces several environmental and man-created problems. To overcome the said problems in the agricultural sector, visualization of the real situation in the spatiotemporal context in a more precise way GIS is a powerful and suitable technology for the geographers and planners of the different development authorities in a nation. Based on accrued real-word data, a detailed analysis can be done and hence can decide better strategies to mitigate the problems related to agricultural activities. Again, GIS helps clear visualization of strategies in spatial context and assists in implementing the strategies in more fruitful ways. In the age of globalization, agriculture is considered a high-tech industry due to commercializing agricultural productions and agro-based industries. GIS is being used to estimate and identify the potential agricultural regions for more improvement in the agricultural sector. The selection of crops for production in more profitable ways is necessary to meet the challenge of the global market by a nation. On a national level, the government can estimate the net sown area, probable production of particular crops, and amount of loss in the agricultural area due to any disaster by mapping the spatial situation through GIS. On the basis of the estimation, government can take effective measures to resolve the crisis faced by the farmers. So, applying GIS to resolve the crisis in agriculture is beyond question.
The urban water-energy-food (WEF) nexus approach in cities represents a pathway for coping with trade-offs in the search for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The scientific literature on the WEF nexus has grown enormously since 2012. Recently, it has become more diversified with the evolution of new topics and expanded scope, demonstrating the inherent complexity associated with nexus thinking and placing this methodology at the science-0policy-society interface. Cities are central to the sustainability agenda and have been at the core of plans and strategies implementation since United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED 92). Thus, applying the nexus in urban contexts allows the exploration of local complexities and uncertainties and the engagement of different social actors to produce actions that transcend scales and dialogue with global concerns, such as climate change. Unquestionably, the urban nexus stimulates multilevel and intersectoral governance, contributing to coping with the challenges and contradictions of the SDGs. Innovations, understood in a broad sense as doing things differently, are essential to moving the WEF nexus from theory into practice. Here we explore nexus discussions via cases involving urban-rural relationships, circular economy, institutional perspectives, logistics, urban food production, and food waste reduction and analyze the consequences for urban climate mitigation and adaptation.
