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In order to validate the Bumelia sartorum Mart., Sapotaceae, traditional use for infection diseases, this study evaluates the antibacterial activity of the stem bark fractions against methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus strains by using the agar dilution method and reported as MIC (minimal inhibitory...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... order to verify the antibiotic susceptibility patterns the tests were performed according to CLSI standards (CLSI, 2003). The description of the Brazilian prevalent clone of MRSA as well as the other clones ( Machado et al., 2003) tested in this study is presented in the Table 1. The antibacterial activity evaluation of the B. sartorum extracts was determined in order to attribute the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the agar dilution method in Mueller-Hinton agar medium (Difco), according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2008). ...
Context 2
... bacterial samples solutions (10 4 CFU/mL) were inoculated using a Steers replicator that placed 2 μL of each bacterial strain on the agar surface ( Machado et al., 2005;Leal et al., 2010). The plates were incubated during 24 h at 35 °C (Table 1). ...
Citations
... Rutoside, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin analytical standards were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Germany). Procyanidin B2 was used from the IPB-NWC in-house reference compound library (isolated from Bumelia sartorum Mart.) [48]. All the reagents and solvents used were of analytical and LC-MS grade. ...
Phyllanthus orbicularis (Phyllanthaceae) is an endemic evergreen tropical plant of Cuba that grows in the western part of the island and is used in traditional medicine as an infusion. The aqueous extract of this plant presents a wide range of pharmacological activitiessuch as antimutagenic, antioxidant and antiviral effects. Given the many beneficial effects and the great interest in the development of new pharmacological products from natural sources, the aim of this work was to investigate the phytochemistry of this species and to elucidate the structure of the main bioactive principles. Besides the presence of several known polyphenols, the major constituent was hitherto not described. The chemical structure of this compound, here named Fideloside, was elucidated by means of HR-ESIMS/MSⁿ, 1D/2D NMR, FT-IR, and ECD as (2R,3R)-(−)-3’,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside. The compound, as well as the plant aqueous preparations, showed promising bioactive properties, i.e., anti-inflammatory capacity in human explanted monocytes, corroborating future pharmacological use for this new natural C-glycosyl flavanonol.
... 23 Frente isso, novas perspectivas no desenvolvimento de terapias para controlar este patógeno são discutidas atualmente e apesar da crescente ocorrência de resistência aos antibióticos, há relatos na literatura de susceptibilidade de micro-organismos à fotoinativação. 9, 24 Em estudo semelhante a este, Ferraz et al. 25 , obtiveram redução microbiana eficaz de cerca de 98% de Staphylococcus aureus utilizando a quimioluminescência como fonte de luz e o tempo de iluminação variou de 60 a Assim como Kossakowska et al. 27 , teve como um dos objetivos investigar a virulência da cepa de S. aureus como também a resistência à meticilina. Os dados obtidos permitiram demonstrar a eliminação da resistência a fotoinativação de S. aureus e que ambas as cepas, altamente virulentas e pouco virulentas, poderiam ser facilmente erradicadas com o uso de TFD. ...
Objetivo: Avaliar in vitroa ação dos extratos de Myracrodruon urundeuva, Stryphnodendron adstringense Sideroxylon obtusifolium como fotossensibilizantes da Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD). Métodos:A atividade antimicrobiana frente Staphylococcus aureus foi testada utilizando uma matriz de planejamento fatorial 23com a finalidade de exibir os pontos experimentais nos distintos níveis das variáveis independentes, sendo estas: tempo de pré-irradiação, concentração do fotossensibilizante e tempo de irradiação. E os resultados foramavaliados através do modelo de regressão logístico no software R. Nos ensaios a fonte de luz empregada foi o laser vermelho InGaAlP no comprimento de onda de 660 nm e fluência de 70, 140 e 210 J/cm2, na potência de 100mW. Após a aplicação do laser, o conteúdo dos poços foi semeado em placas de Petri contendo Agar Müeller Hinton, incubadasem estufa microbiológica a 37 °C por 24 horas. Em seguida, a leitura das placas foi realizada usando o conceito de crescimento ou não de unidades formadoras de colônias. Resultados: Houve maior tendência de inibição bacteriana quando o tempo de pré-irradiação foi 5 minutos, concentração do extrato de 100µg/mL e tempo de irradiação de 60 segundos, utilizando os extratos de M. urundeuva eS. adstringens. Entretanto, S. obtusifolium não apresentou eficiência fotossensibilizante. Conclusão:Dentro das condições avaliadas, dois dos extratos de plantas testados apresentaram potencial como agente fotossensibilizante na terapia fotodinâmica. E foi possível apresentar para os mesmos modelos estatísticos de predição adequada para a atividade antimicrobiana nas condições estudadas.
... The abundant presence of polyphenolic compounds was also reported for ethyl acetate bark extract of S. obtusifolium and may be linked to the antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity presented against S. aureus. 32 This extract corroborates the antimicrobial activity results related to the EC extract in this study, which showed the greatest quantification of total polyphenols, as shown in Table 2, and was the only one that showed inhibitory potential on the growth of S. mutans as shown in Table 1. Condensed tannins were quantified in all of the freezedried and ethanol extracts, which presented moderate inhibitory activity on the growth of C. albicans. ...
Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and chemical fractions of Sideroxylon obtusifolium T.D. Penn on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Candida albicans as well as to identify the chemical classes found in the bioactive extracts possessing better activity.
Materials and methods:
Freeze-dried hydroalcoholic extracts of the bark and leaves (LC and LF respectively) and ethanol extracts of bark and leaves (EC and EF respectively) of S. obtusifolium were assessed for antimicrobial potential by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The tests were performed by microdilu-tion method (in triplicate) in three independent experiments. Phytochemical characterization was performed by quantification of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins.
Results:
The EC extract presented weak antimicrobial potential on the growth of S. mutans (MIC = 1000 μg/mL); all extracts showed moderate inhibitory activity on the growth of C. albicans (MIC = 500 μg/mL). The dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions of LF extracts showed moderate growth inhibitory activity (MIC = 250 μg/mL) on C. albicans and fungicide potential (MFC/MIC = 2). The phytochemical characterization revealed a predominance of total polyphenols (EC = 29.23%; LC = 25.98%) and condensed tannins (LC = 38.84%; LF = 17.78%).
Conclusion:
The dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions of S. obtusifolium LF extract showed antifungal activity against C. albicans, with the potential for bioprospection of phytocom-pounds for the treatment of periodontal fungal diseases caused by this microorganism. The effect may be related to phyto-chemical compounds from the polyphenol and condensed tannin classes.
Clinical significance:
Research for new oral microbial disease treatment alternatives in bioactive compounds from medicinal plants is of clinical relevance and scientific interest since many therapeutic antifungal agents do not obtain the effectiveness expected due to microbial resistance, or to adverse effects on human tissues.
... An in vivo study by Ruela et al. (2011) evaluated the acute toxicity in mice of the ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark of S. obtusifolium. The authors found that such fraction, rich in polyphenols, has very low cytotoxicity with LD 50 of 777 mg/kg by intraperitoneal route. ...
Context The emergence of resistant pathogens and toxicity of antifungals have encouraged an active search for novel candidates to manage Candida biofilms.
Objective In this study, the little known species Sideroxylon obtusifolium T.D. Penn (Sapotacea) and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), from the Caatinga biome in Brazil were chemically characterized and explored for their antifungal potential against C. albicans.
Materials and methods We determined the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts/fractions upon fungal growth (minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations, MIC/MFC), biofilm morphology (scanning electron microscopy) and viability (confocal laser scanning microscopy), proposed their mode of action (sorbitol and ergosterol assays), and finally investigated their effects against macrophage and keratinocyte cells in a cell-based assay. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey-Kramer post-test (α = 0.05).
Results The n-butanol (Nb) fraction from S. obtusifolium and S. cumini extract (Sc) showed flavonoids (39.11 ± 6.62 mg/g) and saponins (820.35 ± 225.38 mg/g), respectively, in their chemical composition and demonstrated antifungal activity, with MICs of 62.5 and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Nb and Sc may complex with ergosterol as there was a 4–16-fold increase in MICs in the presence of exogenous ergosterol, leading to disrupted permeability of cell membrane. Deleterious effects were observed on morphology and viability of treated biofilms from concentrations as low as their MICs and higher. Sc was not toxic to macrophages and keratinocytes at these concentrations (p > 0.05), unlike Nb.
Conclusions Nb and Sc demonstrated considerable antifungal activity and should be further investigated as potential alternative candidates to treat Candida biofilms.
... Epicatechin, catechin, procyanidins B and ellagic acid were the most abundant polyphenolic compounds present in the ethanolic extract [34]. Ruela et al [35] showed that polyphenolic rich ethyl acetate partition and F5 fraction obtained from B.sartorum has a hypoglycemic effect on normoglycemic mice, more significant than that of the known antidiabetic drug glibenclamide used as a standard comparable compound. ...
It is projected by the World Health Organization (WHO) that by the year 2030, diabetes will be the leading cause of death in the world judging from the current trend of the disease. Medicinal plants are used in traditional systems all over the world since time immemorial. About 80% of the world population still rely on traditional herbal medicine to meet their primary health care needs especially in rural areas of developing nations.
Scientific studies elucidating the mechanism of action of some traditional medicines have been instrumental in the development of some modern medicines. It is in the light of the above that the present review provides profiles of plants with hypoglycemic properties starting from the discovery of a well-known and acceptable medication for diabetes: metformin. We traced the origin of the discovery of metformin from the plant Galega officinalis (Family: Fabaceae) to the drug form and we have highlighted the various efforts taken for the final product to be arrived at.
Plants discussed in this review include; Anacardium occidentale Linn, Bumelia sartorum Mart, Coccinia indica Wight & Arn, Phaseolus vulgaris L, Vaccinium myrtillus L, Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel, Panax quinquefolius L, Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.).
... The rats in the experimental groups were given a single dose (1 mL) of S2 at low (100 mg/kg) and high concentration (400 mg/kg) and the control group was given normal saline (1 mL) once every 15 d. The two doses (low and high) in this study were based on published results [11] . The extract was diluted in normal saline and was administered orally using a ball-tipped intubation needle fitted onto a syringe. ...
Objective: To evaluate the in vivo acute toxicity and antioxidant activity of the marine endophytic
fungus extract S2 isolated from Turbinaria conoides.
Methods: Two doses (100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of the S2 extract were administered to rats
orally for acute toxicity and antioxidant test. The body weight, relative weight of six organs,
haematological, biochemical and antioxidant properties were investigated on Day 14.
Results: A single oral dose treatment did not cause any mortality or observable adverse effects
in rats. No significant variations in the body and organ weights between the control and the
treated groups were observed. Heamatological analysis and clinical blood chemistry also did not
reveal any toxic effects of the extract. The total white blood cell count and haemoglobin levels
were increased. The levels of total serum cholesterol in males treated with 100 and 400 mg/kg were
significantly (P
... Phytochemical studies showed the presence of triterpenoids and steroids such as (2β,3β,4α)-2,3,23trihydroxyoleana-5,12-dien-28-oic acid, which was identified as a hydrolysis product from the ethanol extract [5,6]. In a previous study, we described the abundant presence of polyphenolic compounds in B. sartorum extracts, such as catechin and epicatechin as well as type-B procyanidins [7]. ...
... In a previous study, the EtOAc partition of the B. sartorum extract contained polyphenolic compounds such as (+)-catechin, (-)epicatechin and type-B procyanidins, especially in the F5 fraction [7]. The abundant presence of polyphenols in B. sartorum extracts ( Figure 2) was confirmed by determination of total phenol contents by the Folin-Ciocalteu method [10]. ...
... A representative sample was deposited in the herbarium of the Institute of Biology (RFA-34154), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. According to our previous work [7], a methanol crude extract was obtained from the ground bark by maceration for 7 days at room temperature. From this, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were obtained by liquid-liquid partition. ...
Bumelia sartorum (Sapotaceae) is used ethnomedicinally for treatment of several diseases, including diabetes mellitus. The aim of this work was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of B. sartorum extracts, rich in polyphenolic compounds, and the possible mechanisms of action. Assessment of B. sartorum hypoglycemic activity was performed from the blood glucose level in normoglycemic mice after administration of the extract by oral gavage. The hypothesis that sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) inhibition could prolong the increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, thus leading to an increase of insulin release was evaluated. The enzyme inhibition was measured by ATP hydrolysis using SERCA1 isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. The total content of phenolic compounds was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) partition and F5 fraction obtained from B. sartorum, both of them rich in polyphenolics, were shown to have a hypoglycemic effect on normoglycemic mice, more significant than that of the known antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide used as a standard comparable compound. Both samples significantly inhibited SERCA activity. Different extracts of B. sartorum, rich in polyphenolic compounds, were able to reduce blood glucose in normoglycemic mice and inhibit SERCA activity. SERCA inhibition may be one of the possible mechanisms involved in glucose decrease.
... Em um levantamento etnofarmacológico realizado por Silva et al. (2009) (Uchgaonkar & Dahiya, 2011;Al-Zoreky, 2009;Akinpelu, 2001;Pereira et al., 2011;Ruela et al., 2011;Gupta et al., 2010;Hennebelle et al., 2008;Owolabi et al., 2009). Essa perda do conhecimento se deve, entre outros fatores, a sua desvalorização pela sociedade pós-moderna e à crença, pela maioria da população, de que só os medicamentos industrializados são capazes de curar (Almeida et al., 2009;Pilla et al., 2006). ...
This study evaluates the use of medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity by users of the Unified Health System in Campina Grande Municipality, Paraíba, Brazil. This is a descriptive and transversal study with a quantitative approach, the sample of which consisted of 220 users, and was carried out from August 2008 to April 2009. The research was developed through an unstructured interview process. Among the study participants, 65.0% used medicinal plants, of which Punica granatum L., Anacardium occidentale L. and Stryphnodendron adstringens were most cited. There was prevalence of females. Most individuals obtain medicinal plants in the local market, using them as suggested by relatives. Results indicated that 5.0% of the interviewees stated to have suffered adverse event resulting from the use of medicinal plants. Thus, information about the use of medicinal plants, acquired in local communities, combined to chemical/pharmacological studies performed in specialized laboratories and the qualification of health professionals, will favor the implementation of Decree no. 971/2006, which aims to ensure access to medicinal plants and herbal medicines with safety, efficacy and quality.
