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Objective
The study aims to determine the degree of anxiety pertaining to dental procedures and various oral hygiene practices among college teenagers.
Method
Corah’s Modified Dental Anxiety Scale was administered on a randomly chosen sample of 100 Indian college students (50 males and 50 females) of Delhi University, belonging to the age group of...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... several researches have proven in the past [24,38,47e50], we also found dental floss to be the most effective procedure to counter anxiety. Figure 11 shows that although only 21% of the participants used floss, their anxiety was also at a low of 48.4%. This suggests that very few people have a full and accurate awareness about dental care. ...
Citations
... After a rigorous quality assessment, 16 Six studies employed the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) to assess DA, [30,35,36,40,42,43] two used Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), [39,41] and one each utilized the DA questionnaire (DAQ), fear of pain questionnaire, dental fear survey (DFS), and Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+). ...
... High 17 Bhola and Malhotra (2014) [40] ...
Aim
No comprehensive synthesis of dental anxiety (DA), dental utilization (DU), oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and their relationships have been examined despite various systematic investigations being done on their prevalence and interventions individually. Therefore, this review aims to systematically review the status and relationship between DA, DU, and OHRQoL among adult groups.
Materials and Methods
Data collection spanned 6 months, from 1 July to 31 December 2023, involving eight databases. Only cross-sectional (CS) studies with adult participants aged 15–64 years, conducted globally, published in English, and available as full-text articles by December 31, 2023, were included. Two reviewers screened the titles and abstracts and assessed the full-text articles. All studies were CS. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical CS studies. The quality of evidence for each measured factor was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology.
Results
The initial search yielded 3333 studies. The 22 final studies included 13 high-quality studies with over 80% and nine fair studies with 50% and 79% scored. None of the studies scored below 50%. A negative link between DA and DU was identified in 15 of 16 studies with 35,846 participants aged 22.19–50.21 years. Six studies on DA, DU, and OHRQoL included 22,845 participants aged 15–55 years, mostly in their late and mid-fifties. Four of six verified Berggren and Meynert’s (1984) vicious cycle theory’s high association between DA, DU, and OHRQoL.
Conclusions
A 22-study review reveals a strong association between DA, DU, and OHRQoL. Most moderate to high-quality studies emphasized a negative correlation between DA and DU, which affected OHRQoL. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023455219.
... It is vital to distinguish between phobias and fears. While fear can be considered a logical reaction to an actual danger, phobias are distinguished by an excessive and illogical fear (Bhola and Malhotra, 2014). ...
Introduction
The primary objective of this research is to examine acrophobia, a widely prevalent and highly severe phobia characterized by an overwhelming dread of heights, which has a substantial impact on a significant proportion of individuals worldwide. The objective of our study was to develop a real-time and precise instrument for evaluating levels of acrophobia by utilizing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.
Methods
EEG data was gathered from a sample of 18 individuals diagnosed with acrophobia. Subsequently, a range of classifiers, namely Support Vector Classifier (SVC), K-nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Adaboost, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were employed in the analysis. These methodologies encompass both machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques.
Results
The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models demonstrated notable efficacy. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model demonstrated a training accuracy of 96% and a testing accuracy of 99%, whereas the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model attained a training accuracy of 96% and a testing accuracy of 97%. The findings of this study highlight the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in accurately categorizing real-time degrees of acrophobia using EEG data. Further investigation using correlation matrices for each level of acrophobia showed substantial EEG frequency band connections. Beta and Gamma mean values correlated strongly, suggesting cognitive arousal and acrophobic involvement could synchronize activity. Beta and Gamma activity correlated strongly with acrophobia, especially at higher levels.
Discussion
The results underscore the promise of this innovative approach as a dependable and sophisticated method for evaluating acrophobia. This methodology has the potential to make a substantial contribution toward the comprehension and assessment of acrophobia, hence facilitating the development of more individualized and efficacious therapeutic interventions.
... The item-wise comparison shows that people were extremely anxious about use of injection and use of drill at a dental clinic which was similar to results reported by previous studies. 20,21 In the present study, there is a positive correlation of age with anxiety which means with increase in age there is increase in anxiety. Anxiety disorders are actually considered neurodevelopmental disorders as they develop in association with brain changes that characteristically occur at different times in life and primarily, they develop in childhood. ...
Background: An individual’s level of education has great influence on oral health. The oral health value scale (OHVS) is a newly developed scale which is comprised of four subscales which forms a prime behavior in preventing poor oral health. Modified Dental anxiety scale (MDAS) is a widely used scale for assessing dental anxiety. Objective: The study was conducted to correlate dental anxiety on oral health value of a professional adult and its effect on age. Methods and Materials: Cross-sectional study was conducted among (n=116) professional adults. Voluntary sampling technique was considered to recruit the participants. Demographic data, two pre-validated tools i.e., the MDAS and OHVS were used to obtain the data. Results: Out of 116 participants 64% were males and 36% were females. Females had significantly high level of anxiety compared to males (p=0.001). There was significant association of MDAS and OHVs with age (p≤0.005). Pearson correlation between MDAS and OHVS showed a positive association with the flossing subscale and a negative association with professional dental care, retaining natural teeth and appearance subscale of OHVS. Conclusion: An individual’s score of OHVS is found to be influenced by dental anxiety. Factors like professional dental care has been reported to be inversely associated with dental anxiety. Individuals with high anxiety need to be counselled for building a positive attitude towards oral hygiene which will give high values to oral health.
... In a descriptive study from India involving 100 college students, many dental care practices were examined individually. They observed that, as the frequency of brushing and mouthwash usage increased, the levels of dental anxiety among the participants decreased [25]. In contrast, a recent study in Israel found a negative association between dental anxiety and dental neglect [26]. ...
The interaction between dental anxiety and the establishment of a consistent dental care routine has been an ongoing challenge. Unfortunately, there is limited available data concerning the detailed dental care practices of individuals with dental anxiety. Therefore, this study aims to explore how dental anxiety influences dental care habits and oral-health-related quality of life within an adult population. By utilizing the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the German Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G5), we assessed their extent. To evaluate the differences, we performed analyses of variance (Anova), an independent t-test and rank correlation. The findings of this study unveil a significant correlation between elevated DAS scores and reduced frequency of tooth brushing; calculus removal and appointments for professional teeth cleaning. Interestingly; the use of dental floss and mouthwash solution as well as toothbrush hardness appeared to be not significantly affected by dental fear. Moreover, individuals with dental anxiety demonstrated a preference for manual toothbrushes over electric ones. In addition, higher DAS scores were found to be strongly associated with greater OHIP-G5 scores, thus leading to a substantial decline in overall oral health-related quality of life.
... Eight studies assessed the stress within providers of dental treatment, including two assessing general dental practitioners [23,24], one assessing dental specialist practitioners [12], and the remaining five examining dental students [25][26][27][28][29]. Meanwhile, all other inluded studies assessed stress within patient groups [8,10,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Eight of the included studies used questionnaires but were not in a clinical setting. ...
... Eight of the included studies used questionnaires but were not in a clinical setting. However, they qualified for inclusion because the context of the questionnaire was in relation to dental treatment [12,[24][25][26][27][28][29]42]. The remaining 15 studies were undertaken within a clinical setting, but none indicated that the dental treatments involved were provided under any sedation level beyond local anaesthesia [8,10,23,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. ...
... At least two comparator dental treatments were assessed in all studies, except for two studies [32,38]. The most common comparator procedure was restorative, which was assessed in 20 studies [8,10,12,23,24,[26][27][28][29][30][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], followed by oral surgery in 17 studies [8, 10, 23-26, 30-37, 39-41], and finally cleaning in 13 studies [8,10,24,31,[33][34][35][36][37][39][40][41][42]. For the most popular comparator treatments, most studies did not subgroup the procedures, except for Collado et al. [31], who sub-grouped their procedures into whether local anaesthesia was used or not, and Kamal et al. [24], who sub-grouped procedures based on whether the procedure was simple or complex. ...
This systematic review aimed to investigate whether root canal treatment caused greater stress than other dental treatments for patients and dentists. All peer-reviewed literature published in English between January 1990 and January 2023 was included. This included randomized/non-randomized control trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies. An electronic search used PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Collaboration, and Embase. Hand searching supplemented the screening pool. Studies examining physiological or psychological stress measures within patients or providers of dental treatment (dentists, dental specialists, and dental students) were eligible. The study must have reported on the stress outcome for root canal treatment and at least one other dental procedure. After screening 3639 eligible records, there were 23 studies included, varying from very-low to low certainty of evidence. This review found that root canal treatment was more psychologically stressful for patients than routine restorative or cleaning procedures. However, the stress of root canal treatment relative to other dental procedures, especially extractions, was inconclusive for both dental patients and providers. Since patients regard root canal treatment as more stress-evoking than other routine dental procedures, providers should endeavour to minimise their own bias toward root canal treatment when providing adequate information for an informed treatment choice.
... In the field of psychology, anxiety is often defined as an aversive emotional state that arises when an individual anticipates a future event or stimulus that is perceived as threatening, with or without the presence of an immediate physical threat. (11) On one hand, the possibility of receiving dental treatment can cause anxiety and phobia. (12) On the other hand, individuals with psychiatric illnesses may experience poor oral health due to lifestyle factors, inadequate oral hygiene practices, and challenges in accessing dental care. ...
... A nxiety is defined as an aversive emotional state anticipating a feared stimulus in future [1] with or without the presence of an immediate physical threat. Dental anxiety relates to the psychological and physiological variations of a nonpathological fear response to a dentist's appointment or treatment. ...
... Dental anxiety relates to the psychological and physiological variations of a nonpathological fear response to a dentist's appointment or treatment. [1] Dental anxiety is a universal phenomenon, since all over the world, approximately 25% of patients avoid dental visits and treatments, and approximately 10% reach phobic levels of anxiety. [2] The prevalence of dental anxiety according to the published studies is between 11% and 91.2%, and this disparity is justified by the subjectivity of the diagnostic criteria, assessment methods, and sampling techniques. ...
... Levels of dental anxiety have been shown to be associated with poor clinical oral health status. [7] Dentally anxious people are reported to have more decayed teeth and surfaces, [8,9] more missing teeth, [1] fewer filled teeth, [1] gum problems, [10] and erosion [11] than the nonanxious people. Therefore, it is essential to assess dental anxiety among the population as this also causes management problems during dental treatment. ...
Objective:
The objective was to assess dental anxiety and to find its association with oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 20-40-year-old patients visiting Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital.
Materials and methods:
A single-center, hospital-based cross-sectional study was done among first-time dental visitors in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital over a period of 8 months (July 14-February 18). The sample size was determined to be 700. Participants in the age group of 20-40 years were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using Corah's Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and clinical examination was done using the WHO oral health assessment form and OHI-S. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and t-test. The associations found through bivariate analysis were entered as predictor variables into linear and binomial logistic regression models with high dental anxiety as the outcome variable.
Results:
The results of the study suggested that 56% of the study participants were having dental anxiety. Local anesthetic injection (80%) and fear of tooth drilling (60%) were the most anxiety-provoking stimulus. Analysis of OHIP-14 suggested that respondents perceiving oral health as affecting their life quality (very often/fairly often) in the past year were observed for items such as tension, difficulty to relax, irritability, difficulty in doing usual jobs, and totally unable to function because of oral problems. Dental anxiety was significantly associated with gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32), education (OR = 1.43), occupation (OR = 2.07), poor oral hygiene status (OR = 3.15), presence of dental caries (OR = 2.67), bleeding on probing (OR = 1.57), presence of periodontal pockets (OR = 2.64), clinical attachment loss (OR = 1.63), and OHRQoL (OR = 1.76). Stepwise linear regression model of independent variables (<0.05 variables included) explained dental caries as highest predictor (39%), followed by debris (22%), calculus (38%), mean OHIS (27%), mean OHIP-14 (29%), deep pocket (14%), and the least predictor was shallow pocket (9%).
Conclusion:
Dental anxiety was associated with poor oral health status seeking further attention to modify patients' behavior regarding improvement in oral health status.
... Intermediate complexity procedures such as surgical extraction, scaling with root planning, or two quadrant restorations were allotted rank score 2. Complex dental procedures such as periodontal surgery, surgical extraction with bone removal, apicectomy posterior tooth, multiple quadrant restorative, and multiple posterior endodontics. First component of the IOSN tool was MDAS score; modified dental anxiety scale score (5-9) indicating minimal dental anxiety was ranked score as 1, MDAS score (10-12) indicating moderate patient anxiety was given rank score 2. Likewise MDAS score (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) indicative of high patient dental anxiety was assigned rank score 3. Similarly, MDAS value of (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) showing very high dental anxiety was rank scored as 4. e second component of the IOSN tool comprised patient medical status. Periodontal surgery was assigned a rank score of 3. High complexity dental procedures were allotted rank score 4. For each patient anxiety score, medical history score and treatment complexity score was ranked and entered in the IOSN tool and summative score of all three components of the IOSN tool gives an overall score between 3 and 12 with lowest score 3 indicating minimal need for sedation. ...
... Our study suggests that quite a high proportion of patients (42.2%) were extremely anxious while getting local anaesthesia. Another study reported higher anxiety scores in patients receiving local anaesthesia [18]. is was contradictory to a study where most of the patients who were having dental filling exhibited most anxiousness [19]. ...
Objectives. To provide consistent method for assessment of sedation need among patients undergoing dental treatment based on specific risk factors that is dental anxiety, medical status, and treatment complexity of needed dental treatment using IOSN (indication of sedation need) tool for assisting the clinician in decision making process. Methods. A total of 237 patients aged ≥12, ASA I and II were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire comprising of three sections was distributed among the participants. Section 1 comprises details about age, gender, literacy level, occupation, monthly income, and previous dental treatment history. Section 2 is based on Modified Dental Anxiety Scale which is a questionnaire comprising of five questions ranging from “not anxious” to “extremely anxious.” The third section was based on using the IOSN tool comprising three components: MDAS (Modified Dental Anxiety Scale) rank score, Systemic Health (ASA status) rank score, and treatment complexity rank scores. The total of three scores was then computed to determine the total rank score which suggested the sedation need. History of past traumatic dental experiences was also inquired from each patient. Results. A total of 237 patients aged ≥12, ASA I and II were enrolled in the study, out of which 56.1% were female. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software. Based on the MDAS score, 47/237 (19.8%) participants were found to be highly anxious related to dental procedures. 34.6% of the participants showed to have a high sedation need while performing a dental procedure. The sedation need was found to be significantly associated with the female gender with a significant p value of p=0.016, higher education status p=0.016, and history of previous traumatic dental experience p
... This is also consistent with previous studies. [31,32] The potential explanation for such behavior could be that adolescents or younger population have relatively less exposure to these dental equipment as compared to older adults. [29] This leads to the development of "fear of unknown." ...
Introduction: Dental anxiety is a state of uneasiness and worry, making the patient feels that
something terrible will happen to him regarding dental treatment and procedure. Research suggests
that dental anxiety is a prominent factor in leading to avoidance of dental treatment by the patients.
The intensity of dental anxiety varies individually and across gender. Research suggests that adopting
healthy dental care habits encourages good oral health, contributing to the quality of life, whereas
poor dental habits can lead to dental problems. Therefore, the present study attempts to explore the
level of dental anxiety and dental care habits across age groups and gender. Methods: The sample
consists of 150 patients from Delhi/National Capital Region. They were divided into three age
groups – adolescence (n = 50), young adulthood (n = 50), and middle adulthood (n = 50). Modified
Dental Anxiety Scale was used to assess dental anxiety and a semi‑structured interview was taken
to assess the level of dental hygiene among the patients. Results: there are statistically significant
differences in dental anxiety scores between males and females. Our results also point that these
gender differences persist across age groups – adolescence, young adulthood, and middle adulthood
on dental anxiety. Conclusion: The findings reveal higher dental anxiety levels among adolescents,
which gradually increase with age. Furthermore, females are more susceptible to have dental anxiety
than males. Thus, dental professionals should provide age and gender‑targeted counseling to avoid
dental anxiety among their patients.
Keywords: Adolescence, dental anxiety, dental hygiene, middle adulthood, young adulthood
https://www.jdrr.org/text.asp?2021/8/2/107/321526
... It has been estimated that in western populations, approximately 10% to 40% experience dental anxiety while rates are higher in non-western populations [1] . Dental anxiety can be defined as a psychological and physiological behavior of having non-pharmaceutical fear after experiencing traumatic dental experiences [2] . ...
... This frequency was higher in comparison to the study done by Fayad et al. [11] where they reported the mean percent anxiety to be 51.6%. Similarly, other studies done in India [2] and Saudi Arabia [12] also reported to have lower incidence of 60.75% and 27.0%, respectively. On the other hand, a different study from India, which was done among the coastal Andhra population, reported to have frequency of 77.4% [13] . ...
... The results are similar to other studies in Saudi Arabia where injection has the highest mean score [11,20] . On the contrary, Bhola and Malhotra [2] reported that teenagers were more anxious when having a tooth drilled than getting local anesthetic with mean percent scores of 78.3% and 75.8% respectively. Other studies have also demonstrated that the most feared dental items were anesthetic injection and tooth drilling [3,14] . ...
This study aimed to investigate the nature of dental anxiety among undergraduate students of a national university in Brunei Darussalam. Participants were undergraduate students from different faculties of a national university. It was a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire that included their personal demographics, the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) questions and questions regarding their last dental visit. The degree of anxiety was compared in relation to different factors as mentioned above. Data collected was analyzed using independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results showed that the frequency of dental anxiety among the undergraduate students was 70.8%. The mean total MDAS score was 12.3 ± 4.28. Females (13.5±5.12) were more dentally anxious than males (12.2±4.73) (p=0.027). There was a significant difference in the mean MDAS score (p < 0.001) when comparing patterns of dental visits with dental anxiety. More students were fearful of local anesthetic injection than getting tooth drilled. (4) Conclusion: Dental anxiety still remains as one of the obstacles that clinicians face. More studies need to be done to provide a better understanding on how dental anxiety can affect the pattern of dental visits. Future studies should explore the etiology of dental anxiety. This study helps to create awareness on the presence of dental anxiety amongst the existent population group and also to aid clinicians in identifying areas of dentistry where patients are most anxious about in order to come up with a suitable treatment plan.
