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Density functions of the agricultural productivity relative to the EU-15 average (in logs), 1985, 1995 and 2004
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Dynamique de la productivité agricole européenne : une analyse de convergence régionale
L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’évolution de la distribution de la productivité agricole européenne sous l’hypothèse de la persistance des différences entre les niveaux de productivité sur le long terme. Nos données proviennent de la base de données d...
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Existing cross-country studies of agricultural productivity largely neglect variable time-series properties, parameter heterogeneity and the potential for heterogeneous but correlated Total Factor Productivity (TFP) processes across countries. In this paper we argue that allowing for differential production technology across countries is a crucial...
Citations
... Agriculture in the European Union is highly diversified, which is the result of both natural factors (soil conditions, climate, relief) and other determinants, including the level of the country's socio-economic development, the level of agrarian culture, the technology used, patterns of specialization, proximity to consumption centers, and the ability to introduce innovations [2,13]. These differences concern, among other factors, the agrarian structure, the scale of plant and animal production, and the level of employment in this sector. ...
The level of agricultural development in European Union countries is characterized by great diversity. This is due to differences in natural conditions, the type of agricultural production, agrarian fragmentation, and the level of economic development. The concept of a circular economy is the latest vision of changing the current economic systems, the assumptions of which constitute an alternative to the linear model of resource use. The implementation of the principles of a circular economy aims to create a system that will contribute to the implementation of sustainable development. This could be a strategy to support agriculture in the absence of agricultural land and water resources. This research aimed to identify and assess the spatial diversification of agricultural production-economic conditions and their links with the circular economy at the level of EU countries. The basis for grouping countries was synthetic measures obtained in the areas of agriculture and the circular economy. The analyses were performed for 2012 and 2020. The obtained results indicate the existence of significant spatial dependencies in the development of agriculture and the circular economy. Countries with a higher level of agricultural development were also higher in the ranking of the advancement of the implementation of the circular economy concept.
... Współcześnie uznaje się, że nadmierne różnice rozwoju w układach przestrzennych nie są korzystne, co stanowi podstawę do przeciwstawiania się tym procesom, a także do prowadzenia polityki niwelowania terytorialnych różnic rozwojowych. Takie założenie leży u podstaw integracji europejskiej (Cuerva, 2011). ...
U podstaw integracji europejskiej leży założenie, że nadmierne różnice rozwoju w układach przestrzennych nie są korzystne i należy je niwelować. Problem ten dotyczy także sektora rolnego. Celem opracowania były ocena zróżnicowania krajów członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w zakresie poziomu wydajności pracy gospodarstw rolnych oraz odpowiedź na pytanie, czy w latach 2013-2019 wystąpiły tendencje do zmniejszania tych różnic pomiędzy krajami. Badania zrealizowano na podstawie danych systemu rachunkowości gospodarstw rolnych FADN EU (Farm Accountancy Data Network). Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły występowanie zróżnicowania gospodarstw rolnych pomiędzy krajami członkowskimi Unii Europejskiej. Dotyczyło ono zasobów czynników produkcji, relacji pomiędzy nimi oraz efektywności ich wykorzystania. Z badań wynika, że w okresie objętym analizą zachodziły procesy konwergencji wydajności pracy typu sigma i beta w rolnictwie Unii Europejskiej. Następowało więc zmniejszanie zróżnicowań w poziomie wydajności pracy gospodarstw rolnych. Procesy te dotyczyły większości nowych krajów członkowskich. Pomimo tego dyspersja poziomu wydajności pracy jest nadal bardzo duża, a tempo jej niwelacji słabe.
... Jak wskazują liczne wyniki badań, poziom rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach członkowskich jest silnie zróżnicowany [Cuerva 2011, Kijek i in. 2019. ...
... No studies, however, have been carried out regarding the position of agriculture in the bioeconomy sector. Research concerning agriculture more frequently focuses on its diversity in the European Union [25,26], productivity [27,28], sustainability level [29,30] and competitiveness [31,32]. In contrast, few works refer to its potential [33][34][35] and role in implementing the concept of bioeconomy [11,36,37]. ...
Bioeconomy is a response of the European Union and its member states to global challenges such as ensuring food security, mandatory sustainable management of natural resources, mitigating climate change and reducing dependency on non-renewable resources. One of the sectors playing an important role in the development of bioeconomy is agriculture, which accounts for the largest part of biomass used as a raw material for producing bioproducts. This paper is an attempt to answer the following questions: What is the essence and significance of the bioeconomy sector in the EU? How significant is agriculture to the bioeconomy sector? What is the potential and competitiveness of agriculture in EU countries? Data used in surveys is sourced from the Data-Modelling platform of agro-economics research and covers the years 2008–2017. The position of agriculture in the bioeconomy was determined based on measures such as level of employment and gross value added (GVA), turnover, while its competitiveness was assessed based on labour productivity. The results of surveys showed that more than 50% of all bioeconomy workers were employed in agriculture. The sector produced nearly 30% GVA and had a more than 18% share in bioeconomy turnover. Member states of the European Union featured diverse agricultural potential. At the same time, the productivity of agriculture was one of the lowest in the bioeconomy sector. The importance of agriculture stems not only from its food function, but also from the production of biomass. However, its social function is equally important, and in the face of escalating environmental problems the function connected with reducing external costs and producing environmental public goods has become complementary.
... Jak wskazują liczne wyniki badań, poziom rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach członkowskich jest silnie zróżnicowany [Cuerva 2011, Kijek i in. 2019. ...
Celem opracowania była ocena znaczenia rolnictwa dla gospodarki krajów Unii Europejskiej, z podziałem na stare (UE-15) i nowe (UE-13) kraje członkowskie. Zakres czasowy badań obejmował lata 2005–2019, zrealizowano je przy wykorzystaniu bazy danych Eurostat. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały zróżnicowanie krajów unijnych pod względem wpływu rolnictwa na wskaźniki makroekonomiczne, zasięgu terytorialnego tego sektora oraz poziomu jego rozwoju. Największy udział użytków rolnych w powierzchni kraju występował w Wielkiej Brytanii, Irlandii i Danii, gdzie stanowił ponad 60%. Wykazano, że większość nowych krajów członkowskich odznaczała się wyższym niż w krajach tzw. starej Unii, udziałem rolnictwa w wartości dodanej brutto, przy jednocześnie wyższym odsetku pracujących w tym sektorze. Kraje te charakteryzowały się również niższą produktywnością pracy w rolnictwie, w największym stopniu dotyczyło to Bułgarii i Rumunii, ale także Polski.
... Those countries incurred the highest capital inputs per 1 ha UAA and per 1 employed in the EU-28 (Table 2), which contributed to the above-average productivity of land and labor within the EU-28 (Table 3). The high agricultural productivity of the above-mentioned countries was also indicated by Cuerva [99], Baer-Nawrocka and Markiewicz [22], Nowak and Różańska-Boczula [36], or Smędzik et al. [41]. In view of the high level of capital assets per 1 person employed and the recorded level of labor productivity, those two classes of countries are likely to include those capable of meeting the competitive pressure exerted by the more concentrated US agriculture, benefitting from the appropriate ratios of production factors, and being more productive as a result. ...
Although the EU and the USA are the largest players in the global agricultural market, there are only a few up-to-date comparative studies concerning their agricultural potential and performance. No comprehensive study covering all individual EU member states in relation to the USA has been provided so far. Considering that in the light of the lasting impasse in the negotiations on both international and transatlantic trade liberalization, differences in the production structures seem to be a decisive factor affecting competitiveness of the EU and the US agriculture, the paper attempts to identify the gap in the agricultural potential between individual EU countries and the USA and determine which EU countries are able to face the competitive pressure exerted by the US agricultural producers. Ward’s agglomerative hierarchical clustering method with the Euclidean distance was used to separate the most and the least competitive countries depending on their agricultural potential. Based on the conducted analyses it may be stated that the US agriculture is characterized by more rational ratios between production factors, resulting in their higher efficiency compared to the EU. The conducted typological analysis showed that thanks to the high standard of capital assets per employee leading to high labor productivity, only such countries as Germany, the Netherlands, France, Denmark, and Belgium may be considered as capable of meeting the competitive pressure exerted by the US agriculture with its greater degree of concentration and benefits from proper proportions between the production factors. A much more difficult competitive situation is observed in the EU countries of Central and Eastern Europe as well as the Mediterranean region, specializing in land- and labor-intensive production, in which the rational utilization of the production potential is limited by the structural deficit, resulting from the fragmented agrarian structure and manifested in the low level of land and capital assets assigned to labor actively involved in the production process.
... The diversity of agriculture in the European Union countries and regions in terms of its structure, production, soil conditions, and climate allows certain specialization. The member states of the European Union also have different economic, social, cultural, and environmental conditions that influence the directions and possibilities of development of the agricultural sector (Cuerva 2011;Kijek et al., 2019). This diversification became more intense after the subsequent stages of EU expansion. ...
... As far as the EU agriculture is concerned, regional level analyses were conducted as well. For example, the dynamics of agricultural productivity in the EU-15 regions was demonstrated by Cuerva (2011). The diversity of factor endowments and technical efficiency of different types of agricultural production in the enlarged EU-28 was presented by Guth and Smędzik-Ambroży (2020), while differences in the TFP level among the EU regions were shown by Kijek and Matras-Bolibok (2019). ...
... Farm operators in the USA worked under completely different conditions than in the EU. Whileas it results from the above-mentioned studies (Huffman and Evenson, 2001;Munroe, 2001;Yee et al., 2004;Latruffe et al., 2004;Latruffe et al., 2005;Tonsor and Featherstone, 2009)the area of a farm does not define its production potential, it nevertheless considerably determines it and greatly affects the level of capital and labor productivity as well as the volume of income and accumulation (Cuerva, 2011;Marks-Bielska, 2016;Daniłowska, 2018). ...
... It is now recognised that excessive developmental differences in spatial systems are not positive attributes, which is the basis for opposition to those processes, as well as for pursuing a policy of levelling territorial development differences. This assumption underlies concepts of the European integration (Cuerva 2011). The goal of the European community is harmonious development: in other words, correcting development disparities between individual regions and supporting technologically or economically challenged regions (Adamowicz and Szepeluk 2018). ...
... output per unit of workforce used) may be more informative than TFP. It should be noted that majority of research on convergence processes of labour productivity in agriculture (McErlean and Wu 2003;Cuerva 2011;Baer-Nawrocka and Markiewicz 2012;Gołaś 2019) does not directly consider the specifics of individual countries/regions. Such an approach may lead to bias in convergence tests because convergence processes of productivity may be restricted to a specific set of economies with similar economic, structural, and natural conditions. ...
... Greece). Matthews (2014) states that the increase in productivity across this sector in Central and Eastern Europe is consistently lower than in the EU-15, and the difference between these groups even increased during the period 2002-2011. Baráth and Fertő (2017, in turn, found some evidence to support the convergence hypothesis, although they also showed that there are still significant differences between the EU-15 and new member state productivity levels. Although there are some tendencies toward convergence in the sample as a whole, we decided to test convergence for groups of countries that share (2020) https://doi.org/10.17221/178/2020-AGRICECON ...
This paper studies club convergence in relation to labour productivity in the agriculture industry of 28 European Union countries for the period 2005 to 2018. The countries were divided into three groups which were homogeneous in terms of level of development in the agricultural sector. The presence of convergence in the groups of countries was verified by using a panel-data model of conditional β-convergence. Then, convergence processes were investigated within clubs of countries. Convergence processes took place in the groups of countries with low and medium levels of labour productivity. In the club of countries where labour productivity was high, opposite processes (i.e. divergence) were observed.
The agriculture sector receives substantial fiscal subsidies in various forms, including through programs that are linked to production and others that are decoupled. As the sector has reached the technology frontier in production over the last three decades or so, particularly in high‐ and middle‐income countries, it is intriguing to investigate the impact of subsidies on productivity at aggregate level. This study examines the impact of subsidies on productivity growth in agriculture globally using a long time series on the nominal rate of assistance for 42 countries that covers over 80% of agricultural production. The econometric results show heterogenous effects from various subsidy instruments depending on the choice of productivity measure. Regression results suggest a strong positive effect of input subsidies on both output growth and labor productivity. A positive but relatively small impact of output subsidies is found on output growth only.
