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Dengue transmission model projections into the future for the periods 2041–2060 and 2061–2080. Transmission model for the period 2001–2017, average model projections into the future for the periods 2041–2060 and 2061–2080, areas where favourability increases and decreases in the future relative to the present. Difference between the future projection and the current model. I: increment rate; M: maintenance rate. Positive values of I indicate a net increase in favourability, that is, a gain in favourable areas, whereas negative values of I mean a net loss of favourable areas. M indicates the degree to which the favourable areas in the current model overlap with the favourable forecasted areas. Uncertainty of the vector model in the period 2041–2060 and 2061–2080. SD: standard deviation.
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Dengue and yellow fever have complex cycles, involving urban and sylvatic mosquitoes, and non‐human primate hosts. To date, efforts to assess the effect of climate change on these diseases have neglected the combination of such crucial factors. Recent studies only considered urban vectors. This is the first study to include them together with sylva...
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Citations
... In this review, many promising plant-derived treatments have been mentioned, like Andrographis paniculate, Carica papaya, and Curcuma longa [131]. These studies should be scaled up and replicated to combat the burgeoning threat of dengue, as climate change is only going to exacerbate this menace [12]. ...
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes dengue fever, a significant public health concern in many tropical and subtropical regions. Dengue is endemic in more than 100 countries, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Each year, up to 400 million people get infected with dengue. Approximately 100 million people get sick from infection, and 40,000 die from severe dengue. Unfortunately, dengue vaccine development is also marred with various complicating factors, as the forefront candidate vaccine performed unsatisfactorily. Moreover, the only licensed vaccine (Dengvaxia) for children 9 through 16 years of age is available in just a few countries. The treatment difficulties are compounded by the absence of an effective antiviral agent. Exploring plant-based therapeutics for dengue from the laboratory to clinical application involves a multi-stage process, encompassing various scientific disciplines. Individual investigators have screened a wide range of plant extracts or compounds for potential antiviral activity against DENV. In vitro studies help identify candidates that exhibit inhibitory effects on viral replication. Some of the most promising medicinal plants showing in vitro activity against DENV include Andrographis paniculate, Acorus calamus, and Cladogynos orientalis. Further laboratory studies, both in vitro and in animal models (in vivo), elucidate the mechanisms of action by which the identified compounds exert antiviral effects. Medicinal plants such as Carica papaya, Cissampelos pareira, and Ipomea batata exhibited potent platelet-enhancing activities while Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa showed promising effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Based on positive preclinical results, researchers design clinical trials. This involves careful planning of trial phases, patient recruitment criteria, ethical considerations, and endpoints. The most important medicinal plants showing efficacy and safety in clinical trials include Carica papaya and Cissampelos pareira. This review suggests that several promising medicinal plants exist that have the potential to be turned into clinical drugs to treat dengue infection. However, in addition to developing synthetic and plant-based therapies against dengue infection, vector management strategies should be made robust, emphasizing the need to focus on reducing disease incidence.
... Temperature and rainfall are two critical seasonal factors that directly influence the life cycle and population dynamics of vectors such as mosquitoes (Ciota and Keyel, 2019;Pascoe et al., 2022). For example, transmission of Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses is significantly higher during hot and humid seasons in tropical regions (Mordecai et al., 2017;Aliaga-Samanez et al., 2024). Similarly, abundant rainfall creates more breeding sites by filling containers, ditches and other natural watersheds, facilitating mosquito proliferation (Benedum et al., 2018). ...
