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Dendrogram showing the relationships among accessions of Triticum and Aegilops species based on an analysis of SSR data using the Jaccard similarity coefficients and the Ward clustering method. For accession number see Table 1.
Source publication
The aim of this study is investigation the applicability of SSR and ISSR markers in evaluating the genetic
relationships in twenty accessions of Aegilops and Triticum species with D genome in different ploidy levels.
Totally, 119 bands and 46 alleles were detected using ten primers for ISSR and SSR markers, respectively.
Polymorphism information...
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Citations
... The mean PIC value of 0.447 was quite consistent with those reported in other studies. Moradkhani et al. (2015) probed the different Aegilops species using 10 microsatellite markers, and showed PIC values for all SSR markers varied from 0.345 to 0.375, with an average of 0.367. Abbas et al. (2020) reported the maximum PIC value was 0.63, with a mean of 0.20, and the maximum allele frequency was 1.00, with an average of 0.88. ...
... However, these results imply an abundant genetic polymorphism exists in Ae. tauschii accessions. Similarly, in other studies, the average PIC value in Ae. tauschii accessions was consistent with the present results (Moradkhani et al., 2015;Abbas et al., 2020;Yu et al., 2021). ...
... This region can be considered as the centre of Aegilops' diversity in Iran. Likewise, studies by Moradkhani et al. (2015) and Khodaee et al. (2021) reported that the main centre of Aegilops diversity in Iran is most likely located in the west and northwest of the country. Moreover, ecological evaluation of natural habitats of Aegilops species showed that among the tetraploid species, Ae. triuncialis and Ae. ...
Aegilops species are valuable sources of genetic diversity that have played a vital role in the genetic development throughout wheat’s evolution. However, a huge portion of their biodiversity in Iran as a centre of wheat origin and diversity remains unknown, which may be lost due to climate change. Hence, a diverse collection of 300 Aegilops accessions was assembled from different geographical regions of Iran and their morphological variation was evaluated with respect to ecological conditions to reveal their potential use in wheat breeding programs. The accessions were categorized in eight different species (Ae. tauschii, Ae. umbellulata, Ae. cylindrica, Ae. biuncialis, Ae. neglecta, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. crassa, and Ae. kotschyi). The Zagros and Alborz Mountain ranges were the two main habitats of Aegilops accessions in Iran, but they were absent in the regions with warm winters. Species variability in Zagros was higher than that of Alborz. Shannon–Weaver Diversity Index for different traits showed tremendous diversity among the accessions. The D-genome bearing species were more diverse than the U-genome ones. The variations in morphological characters significantly were related to ecological factors of sampling points. Aegilops accessions were compatible with a wide range of ecological conditions, which indicates their great potential as valuable sources for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Pre-breeding on this germplasm especially accessions bearing D-genome could be initiated for introgression of new alleles into common wheat to mitigate environmental limitations imposed by climate change.
... In a recent experiment Pour-Aboughadareh et al. (2022) utilized three markers' systems namely SCoT, CBDP, and SSR and concluded that the SSR markers are more efficient than genebased techniques for studying phylogenetic relationships. The achieved results correspond to the previous studies, which had reported high levels of diversity in various species of Aegilops and Triticum through SSR markers (Moradkhani et al. 2015;Haque et al. 2021;Pour-Aboughadareh et al. 2022). ...
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a global staple food crop, contributing significantly to the world's food security. Understanding and harnessing the genetic diversity within wheat cultivars is paramount for developing resilient and high-yielding varieties. The present study reports rust response of 31 registered rust resistant genetic stocks of wheat against recently identified and most virulent pathotypes of all three rust pathogens and their morphological and molecular diversity assessment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed indicated significant differences among the genotypes for all the studied traits. Among 31 genetic stocks 30, 15, and 8 were found resistant against all the tested pathotypes of stem, leaf and stripe rust pathogens, respectively, whereas only two (FLW21 and FLW28) conferred resistance against all three rusts. Molecular profiling with 59 polymorphic SSRs resulted in 194 alleles with an average 3 alleles/loci. With an average of 0.54, the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.34 to 0.75, reflecting higher allelic variation. The average gene diversity, heterozygosity, major allele frequency, and minor allele frequency were 0.61, 0.31, 0.48, and 0.52, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped 31 genetic stocks into 3 clusters. The AMOVA revealed that within population variation was higher than between them (76% vs. 24%). Clustering was further supported by the structure and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). Structure analysis grouped the genetic stocks into three sub-populations. These findings will help in suggesting different cross combinations for wheat rust resistance breeding and pyramiding of multiple rust resistance genes.
... The dendrogram obtained from nine SSR markers made it possible to isolate the species Ae. cylindrica into two clusters, within which the samples have the highest genetic similarity. Based on molecular genotyping for nine SSR markers an outcome showed relatively higher genetic diversity in the species Ae. cylindrica, which was consistent with previous findings by Moradkhani et al. (2015) and Pour-Aboughadareh et al. (2017). The genetic similarity analysis based on SSR markers revealed a high level of intraspecific variability for the genotypes of the species Ae cylindrica populations. ...
... Genetic diversity studies of genus Aegilops species using molecular genetics tools based on the analysis of DNA polymorphism (RAPD, AFLP, SSR, and SNP) allow obtaining an individual characteristic of a separate genotype -a DNA profile. Based on long-term studies of the genetic diversity of 20 samples of five unique species of the genus Aegilops-Triticum using 10 SSR primers, findings showed a higher number of alleles per locus (Moradkhani et al., 2015). In addition, Naghavi et al. (2009) assessed the genetic diversity of 52 genotypes of diploid wheat Tr. boeoticum, using 21 microsatellite markers, and the average number of alleles per locus was 13.0 (varying from three to seven). ...
... In the existing genetic diversity study of four species of the genus Aegilops, i.e., Ae. tauschii, Ae. crassa, Ae. cylindrica, and Ae. triuncialis using nine pairs of SSR markers, the number of alleles (Na) in the total sample ranged from four (WSP107) to 12 (WSP006) and averaged 7.78 alleles per locus, which is consistent with the findings of Moradkhani et al. (2015). Saeidi et al. (2006) assessed the genetic diversity of Iranian populations of Ae. tauschii using 13 microsatellite markers, with 66 alleles amplified with a mean PIC of 0.65. ...
As wheat donors, wild species of the genus Aegilops L. play a vital role in practical breeding to improve wheat production because of their strong relationship and wide genetic diversity. Using nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers helped assess the genetic diversity in 96 collected samples of four species belonging to the genus Aegilops, i.e., Aegilops tauschii Coss (D), Ae. cylindrica Host (CD), Ae. crassa Boiss (DDM), and Ae. triuncialis L. (UC). The said collection came from 21 sites of various expeditions located in three regions of Southwestern Uzbekistan (Samarkand, Urgut, Kitab, and Shakhrisabz regions). Generally, 102 distinct alleles were found, with an average of 11.33 alleles per primer. The total number of species-specific amplicons was 35. The polymorphism detected varied from 28.6% (for the WSP107 primer) to 77.0% (for the WSP130 and WSP192 primers). The mean values of polymorphism information content (PIC) and expected heterozygosity (Ho) for all samples were 0.675 and 0.527, respectively. Based on nine SSR markers, on average, the genetic distance indices (GD) varied from 0.63 to 0.77. The highest genetic similarity (GD = 0.77) recorded occurred between the species Ae. crassa and Ae. cylindrica, whereas the least (GD = 0.48), between Ae. cylindrica and Ae. triuncialis with their taxonomic classification. Genus Aegilops samples from the same region often attain an identical subgrouping, which might be due to relatedness by genetic parameters. The gene pool of native species of the genus Aegilops from the Southwestern region of Uzbekistan may provide suitable alleles for wheat improvement and adaptation in the future.
... On the other hand, Ae. cylindrica possessed the lowest diversity, which is congruent not only with our results, but also with findings of previous studies (Goryunova et al., 2004;Pester et al., 2003). Contrary to this, Moradkhani et al. (2015) based on microsatellites and Pour-Aboughadareh et al. (2017) based on SCoT markers, determined a relatively higher diversity in Ae. cylindrica compared with other species. These discrepancies might be caused by the different sample size and Ae. ...
Leaf rust is a common and costly wheat disease. The introduction of resistance genes derived from wheat wild relatives is one way to improve disease control. However, due to the rapid development of virulence in the casual pathogen Puccinia triticina , the long-term effectiveness of some leaf rust resistance ( Lr ) genes is questionable. To assess this, we examined 130 accessions of 13 wheat wild relative species from the Aegilops genus. The presence of 9 Lr genes was determined by PCR using primers complementary to Lr gene markers. The studied individuals were exposed to artificial inoculation with P. triticina under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Based on infection rate, the degree of resistance for each individual was estimated. The relationship between the presence of Lr genes and the degree of manifested resistance was assessed using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Our results indicate the effective participation of Lr9 in seedling resistance while Lr58 is involved in adult plant resistance.
... Because of this, enhancing Zn accumulation in wheat grains depends greatly on understanding the genetic diversity among wheat cultivars. Various marker methods have been used to explore the genetic diversity and relationships of species, including DNA-based markers such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) [13], inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) [14], chloroplast DNA markers, nuclear sequences [15]. The start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) method, which uses a single primer to anneal to the flanking regions of the translation initiation codon (ATG) on both DNA strands, is a novel, straightforward, and trustworthy gene-targeted marker system [16]. ...
... Our results indicated that there is a high level genetic diversity between and within the studied species. Likewise, several studies reported a good level of polymorphism between species of Aegilops (THOMAS and BEBELI, 2010;MORADKHANI et al., 2015;POUR-ABOUGHADAREH et al., 2018;ETMINAN et al., 2019). In addition, in the present study the efficiencies of SCoT and CBDP for estimating the genetic diversity were compared. ...
Among wild relatives of wheat, Aegilops species are ideal genetic resources
for the discovery of new characteristics such as resistance to environmental
stresses and even grain quality for wheat improvement. Hence, knowledge of
the population structure and genetic diversity of this germplasm is very
important for their conservation and further utilization. In the present
study, 80 accessions of the Aegilops including Ae. tauschii, Ae. cylindrica
and Ae. triuncialis were investigated for genetic diversity using SCoT and
CBDP markers. Eight SCOT and twelve CBDP primers amplified a total of 84 and
94 fragments with a mean of 10.50 and 7.83 fragments per primer,
respectively. Resolving power (Rp) for SCoT and CBDP primers varied between
6.04 and 11.65, and 13.08 and 28.02, with the polymorphic information
content (PIC) from 0.40 to 0.49 and 0.35 to 0.48, respectively. The results
of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the highest
proportion of genetic variance referred to between species. SCoT primers
indicated high values for all informativeness parameter (except resolving
power) than CBDP primers across all tested accessions. However, CBDP primers
indicated higher values of the genetic parameters than using SCoT primers.
As a result, the maximum values for genetic parameters such as number of
effective alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity (H) and Shannon’s information
index (I) were detected in Ae. cylindrica and Ae. triuncialis using SCoT and
CBDP markers, respectively. Cluster analysis based on those molecular system
grouped all accessions into three main clusters. The grouping pattern
observed by CBDP primers indicated more clear phylogenetic relationship
among some Aegilops species, so that PCoA’s results confirmed the grouping
pattern. In conclusion, it was observed that SCoT and CBDP displayed good
efficiency in depicting polymorphism among the tested accessions, however,
CBDP markers provided a clear grouping pattern of evaluated accessions.
Hence, the use of CBDP markers in determining population structure and
estimating genetic diversity in other plant species is recommended.
... The evaluation of genetic variation requires molecular data which can be provided efficiently and economically by SCoT markers to carry out DNA analysis. SCoT markers have reportedly described genetic relationships among populations of many plant species (Gorji, Poczai, and Polgar 2011;Hajibarat et al. 2015;Moradkhani, Mehrabi, and Etminan 2015;Etminan, Pour-Aboughadareh, and Mohammadi 2016;Pour-Aboughadareh et al. 2018. A previous study by Azza et al. (2019) showed how SCoT markers can be used for the identification of Mentha species and for discovering genotype-related differences in their populations. ...
Phlomis olivieri (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant that exhibits diverse variations across a multitude of geographical ranges. Here, we studied the genetic diversity of this species according to start codon targeted (SCoT) markers and morphological variability based on 15 morphological traits. Specifically, the genetic diversity was studied among 100 individuals of 10 geographical populations in Iran. The populations were highly variable in almost all morphological traits (P < .01) and the dendrogram showed four main clusters for morphological traits. Out of the 10 primers, five SCoTs produced 93 reproducible bands, of which 92 were polymorphic. Significant values were observed in the average polymorphic information content (0.35), average band informativeness (18.4), resolving power (6.24) and average polymorphism (98.66%). SCoT markers ultimately grouped P. olivieri populations into six main clusters based on the principal component analysis. Using SCoT alleles, the individuals were grouped into eight distinct genetic clusters. The analysis of molecular variance showed a high degree of genetic variation among the populations (71%) and within the populations (29%). The Mantel test revealed a positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. Thus, morphological features and SCoT markers were informative and reliable in revealing diversity among P. olivieri populations.
... Previously, several researchers estimated the genetic diversity in wheat germplasm through various molecular marker techniques. For instance, Moradkhani et al. [60] using microsatellite markers reported a vast genetic diversity in some Aegilops populations. Pour-Aboughadareh et al. [61] using the ISSR technique revealed the high genetic diversity among Triticum boeoticum populations collected from different regions of Iran. ...
In the present study, we estimated genetic diversity and population structure in 186 accessions of Triticum and Aegilops species using 24 simple sequence repeat markers (SSR). Furthermore, an association analysis was performed for antioxidant activities, including guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and dry matter (DM) under two control and drought stress conditions. Our findings showed that drought treatment significantly decreased DM, whereas activities of all antioxidant enzymes were increased compared to the control conditions. The results of correlation analysis indicated that, under drought stress conditions, all biochemical traits had a positive and significant association with each other and with dry matter. In the molecular section, the results of the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the molecular variation within species is more than within them. The dendrogram obtained by cluster analysis showed that grouping the investigated accessions was in accordance with their genomic constitutions. The results of association analysis revealed 8 and 9 significant marker-trait associations (MTA) under control and drought stress conditions, respectively. Among identified MTAs, two associations were simultaneously found in both growing conditions. Moreover, several SSR markers were associated with multiple traits across both conditions. In conclusion, our results could provide worthwhile information regarding marker-assisted selection for the activity of antioxidant enzymes in future breeding programs.
... Furthermore, the SSR marker showed that Ae. cylindrica and Ae. tauschii had the highest values of genetic variation parameters as compared with bread wheat and its other relatives [40]. Among the wild relatives of wheat, Ae. cylindrica and Ae. ...
Knowledge of the natural patterns of genetic variation and their evolutionary basis is required for sustainable management and conservation of wheat germplasm. In the current study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 100 individuals from four Triticum and Aegilops species (including T. aestivum, Ae. tauschii, Ae. cylindrica, and Ae. crassa) were investigated using two gene-based markers (start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism and CAAT-box de-rived polymorphism (CBDP)) and simple-sequence repeats (SSRs). The SCoT, CBDP, and SSR markers yielded 76, 116, and 48 polymorphism fragments, respectively. The CBDP marker had greater efficiency than the SCoT and SSR markers due to its higher polymorphism content in-formation (PIC), resolving power (Rp), and marker index (MI). Based on an analysis of molecu-lar variance (AMOVA) performed using all marker systems and combined data, there was a higher distribution of genetic variation within species than among them. Ae. cylindrica and Ae. tauschii had the highest values for all genetic variation parameters. A cluster analysis using each marker system and combined data showed that the SSR marker had greater efficiency in group-ing of tested accessions, such that the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and popu-lation structure confirmed the obtained clustering patterns. Hence, combining the SCoT and CBDP markers with polymorphic SSR markers may be useful in genetic fingerprinting and fine mapping and for association analysis in wheat and its germplasm for various agronomic traits or tolerance mechanisms to environmental stresses.
