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The excessive use of social media is an emerging phenomenon with several negative consequences in an entrepreneurial context. Based on the stressor-strain-outcome paradigm, this research aims to unveil that social media late-night usage can affect two psychological strains (life invasion and technostress) among female entrepreneurs and thus influen...
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Citations
... Frost and Rickwood (2017) identified significant connections between Facebook use and mental health issues, including alcohol use and disordered eating, across six domains, with different strengths and validity of these links. In a related study, Shahzad et al. (2021) assessed the effects of late-night social media use on female entrepreneurs, revealing significant increases in life invasion and technostress, leading to reduced cognitive engagement. However, Gardašević et al. (2022) highlighted Facebook's crucial role in enhancing business applications, improving advertising effectiveness, and increasing profitability for women entrepreneurs, thereby presenting huge opportunities for career advancement. ...
Women's entrepreneurship in F-commerce is gaining popularity in Bangladesh. Women from rural and urban areas tend to start as entrepreneurs through Facebook marketing, as it does not require specific qualifications or massive capital. This study examined the mental health-related challenges faced by female F-commerce entrepreneurs to bolster the notion that both physical and mental health are equally important for completing any activity effectively. It followed a qualitative approach in which 15 in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data using a semi-structured interview guide. The primary data collected from in-depth interviews was thematically analyzed with the NVivo-14 software program. Participants in the study are women entrepreneurs who have been conducting their businesses actively on Facebook pages or groups. This study focuses on the mental health issues of women F-commerce entrepreneurs, emphasizing the interactions between gender and entrepreneurship. The findings revealed cyberbullying and harassment from customers, lack of reliability, financial hardships, family problems, and gender roles as mentionable factors relating to mental health concerns. Other factors include depression, isolation, low mood, pressure, panic attacks, and dominance, which can lead to stress and anxiety. The study suggests cooperation between government and non-government institutions and enhancing mental health awareness for women entrepreneurs in F-commerce in Bangladesh. This study may contribute to achieving three of the United Nations' 17 Sustainable Development Goals: good health and well-being (SDG 3), gender equality (SDG 5), and decent work and economic growth (SDG 8).
... SMIs accumulate large followers by sharing content independently of institutional affiliations or editorial oversight, allowing them to engage directly with consumers (Lee and Eastin, 2021;Fu et al., 2020). This shift has led to a mix of professional and amateur content creators sharing information without gatekeeping mechanisms, which may confuse users (Beaudoin, 2023;Shahzad et al., 2021). Some studies indicate that the sheer volume of productrelated information shared on social media can negatively impact consumers' decision-making, leading to confusion and avoidance behavior (Sharma et al., 2023;Teng et al., 2022). ...
Purpose
The study aims to investigate the impact of social media influencer information overload (SMIIO) on customer purchase avoidance through mediation of customer confusion along with the moderation of prior product knowledge through the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) framework.
Design/methodology/approach
The data collected from 429 participants (YouTube and Instagram followers) from an online survey were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Findings
The findings reveal that SMIIO significantly leads towards customer purchase avoidance. Customer confusion mediates between SMIIO and purchase avoidance, while prior product knowledge weakens the impact of SMIIO on confusion through moderation.
Practical implications
The findings provide a wide range of applications for brand managers and social media influencers to adopt clear, concise communication strategies. Reducing information overload and minimizing confusion can enhance consumer decision-making. Tailored messaging based on consumer product knowledge can further optimize marketing efforts and reduce purchase avoidance.
Originality/value
This study uniquely applies the SSO framework to examine the effects of SMIIO on purchase avoidance, highlighting the mediating role of customer confusion and the moderating influence of prior product knowledge, offering a fresh perspective on consumer behavior.
... Some studies have emphasized the serious negative outcomes induced by PSMU in the workplace (van Zoonen et al., 2022). For example, PSMU would lead to employees' distraction, hindering decision-making ability (Yu et al., 2018), increasing conflict between social, work, and personal life (Zheng & Lee, 2016), or even inducing psychological-related issues such as stress (Zheng & Lee, 2016), fear of missing out (FoMO; Rozgonjuk et al., 2020), cognitive engagement (Shahzad et al., 2021), etc. Some statistics also indicated that people use social media platforms in the workplace at a rate of 60% to 80%, reducing employee productivity by 30% to 40% (Alharthi et al., 2019). ...
... 2. German short smartphone use disorder scale (d-KV-SSS) which evaluates the seriousness of adversities related to excessive social media use, with higher scores demonstrating more (frequent) problematic social media use (Rozgonjuk et al., 2020). 3. The generalized problematic intent use scale (GPIUS) for assessing the amount of time spent on social media (Cao & Yu, 2019;Saleem et al., 2021;Shahzad et al., 2021;Zheng & Lee, 2016). 4. The Facebook intensity scale for evaluating people's perception of their personal attachment levels to social media Charoensukmongkol, 2014;Charoensukmongkol, 2016;Moqbel et al., 2013). 5. Compulsive Internet use scale (CIUS) which assesses the psychometric characteristics of Internet addiction in various contexts and among various populations (Marttila et al., 2021). ...
... The in-role performance of employees means the work conduct specified in their job description, which has been widely studied in previous studies and assessed either directly or indirectly, such as task distraction (Javed et al. 2019), and procrastination at work . Furthermore, cognitive deficits induced by PSMU , diversion of cognitive and energetic resources (Tandon et al., 2020), social isolation (Moqbel & Kock, 2018), lowlevel concentration (Koessmeier & B€ uttner, 2021), overload (Yu et al., 2022), worktechnology conflict (Khan et al., 2021) and interruptions (Liu et al., 2021), invasions (Shahzad et al., 2021) are positively related to the poor inrole performance of employees. ...
Plain language summary
Purpose – Research examining the association between problematic social media use (PSMU) and employee outcomes is increasingly prominent, with a growing number of studies exploring this phenomenon. Despite the increased academic interest, no attempts have been made to synthesize extant knowledge of this domain. There is a limited holistic understanding of the association between PSMU and employee outcomes. To address this gap, an exhaustive systematic literature review on the association between PSMU and employee outcomes is presented. Design/methodology/approach – Systematic review analysis method used to analyze and synthesize insights from 42 empirical studies obtained from three academic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and Elsevier. Findings – Significant diversity in prior research on the association between PSMU and employee outcomes was encapsulated in four themes. There are significant limitations in the conceptualization of PSMU, along with a narrow focus on geographic, methodological, and contextual foci of prior studies. The authors propose an integrated framework to aid future research directions. Originality/value – This systematic literature review has significant implications for psychologists and managers who consider facilitating the reasonable use of social media, particularly in organizations
... Hicks (1979) explores the connection between economic growth and fundamental human capital, suggesting that the establishment of a critical minimum level of basic human capital may be crucial for stimulating economic output. Temple and Johnson (1998) provide evidence that social development indices possess considerable predictive power, emphasizing the importance of "social capability" for economic growth (Shahzad et al., 2021). This review of the literature on the causal relationship between economic and social growth underscores the absence of a consistent and universal answer regarding causal precedence. ...
This research aimed to investigate the relationship between macroeconomic changes and their impact on the household in Pakistan. The study utilized panel data constructed from various issues of HIES surveys conducted by the Pakistani Government. As per established practices, Fixed Effects and Random Effects models were used for estimation. Before applying the econometric techniques, univariate analysis is undertaken to understand the impact of macroeconomic variables on microeconomic variables like health, education, and food expenditures at the household level. Empirical estimation concludes the macroeconomic impact on household expenditure on health, education, and food, and the result is in line with the prior studies of likewise countries and Pakistan. It indicates that the downfall in Pakistan's social development is the result of the Government's unwillingness to spend more on these sectors. Macroeconomic stability remained the focus area, undoubtedly leading to impressive growth rates, but its trickle-down was never taken care of. K E Y
... Each person has a certain number of cognitive resources [70]. Long-term use of technology decreases individuals' cognitive engagement [71]. Ref. [72] asserted that the large quantity of information that an individual must process while using technology can lead to poor task performance, reduced problem-solving abilities, and an unusual amount of time spent processing information, resulting in confusion and stress [73]. ...
To date, existing studies on the relationship between online learning and engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic have been limited to students. This paper therefore discusses the impact of children’s online learning on parents’ stress. In addition, this study also investigates parents’ demographics in relation to their stress and engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, the study adopts a quantitative research approach using a survey questionnaire on a sample of 422 parents residing in Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC). The hypothesized links between components were tested and evaluated using path analysis. The study found that parents’ academic stress is a significant predictor of engagement with their children’s online learning. Furthermore, technical stress was a significant predictor of parents’ cognitive engagement but was not a significant predictor of behavioral and emotional engagement. Personal stress was only a significant predictor of behavioral engagement; financial stress was an insignificant predictor of all types of parental engagement. Finally, parents’ gender and academic qualifications were found to have a significant impact on stress. This study has added new knowledge and understanding of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, being the first to investigate the impact of parents’ stress on parents’ engagement with online learning during COVID-19. In conclusion, the purpose of this study was to investigate: (a) the impact of the academic, technical, financial, and personal stress parents experience in the context of children’s online learning on parents’ behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement with their children’s online learning; (b) whether parents’ demographic characteristics as well as the number of enrolled students in school and type of school are related to parents’ stress (four types of stress) and engagement (three types of engagement).
... The stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) theory is a prominent paradigm for connecting stressors and outcomes, and it is a critical research foundation for comprehending the stresses imposed by technologies [5,29,30]. This model has been employed in certain research to explain the influence that inner stress has on the professional performance of employees working in companies [12,31]. Similarly, it has been used in studies of user behavior in internet and technology systems to provide insight into the effects of onlinerelated stress [29,32]. ...
... Strain is a term that describes the psychological changes that may occur in people as a result of the perceived stress [5]. Outcome relates to the changes in behavior that emerge from people's psychological reactions, such as avoiding messages and being exhausted by new media [12,31]. ...
The ramifications of mobile apps’ detrimental aspect on users’ life satisfaction have garnered increased attention from academics. To probe the underlying association between life satisfaction and mobile app fatigue, this article builds a research model based on a stressor–strain–outcome approach. In addition, the study investigates the relationships between different dimensions of network heterogeneity, emotional exhaustion, and mobile app fatigue among users. Furthermore, the study uncovers the moderating influence of upward comparison, self-presentation, and privacy invasion on the association between life satisfaction and emotional exhaustion in the mobile app context. The study collected data in mainland China using a cross-sectional approach and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling. The findings demonstrate that life satisfaction is positively associated with self-presentation and negatively associated with upward comparison. Moreover, privacy invasion and upward comparison are positively correlated with emotional exhaustion, whilst self-presentation exerts no correlation with emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, upward comparison could mediate the association between life satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. The results provide fresh light on the mechanisms through which the life satisfaction of mobile app users and network heterogeneity might lead to emotional exhaustion and mobile app fatigue, highlighting important theoretical and practical implications.
... Depending on the activity of the microentrepreneur, this can lead to a greater dependence on social media, which can have a negative impact on the micro-entrepreneur and their business (Amin and Khan, 2021). Such dependencies can, in turn, result in excessive social media use, which can lead to the development of addiction (Spivack and McKelvie, 2022;Shahzad et al., 2021). When distinguishing between micro and corporate entrepreneurship, it becomes apparent how strongly the private and personal level of a micro-entrepreneur is affected compared to the level of large companies. ...
Purpose-Social media has been gaining importance in recent years as an integral part of entrepreneurs' business and marketing strategies. At the same time, the entrepreneurial use of social media can lead to dark and negative consequences. This aspect has received less attention in the literature so far. The purpose of this study is to advice entrepreneurial practitioners to balance the sides of pros and cons as being an inherent reality to acknowledge the full scenario of business life and the interplay of diverse influences.
Design/methodology/approach-The qualitative interviews focused on the dark side experiences of micro-entrepreneurs on social media and on strategies to protect their private identities and businesses from those dark side effects. For the theoretical classification of dark side experiences, the framework of Baccarella et al. (2018) was used and adapted based on the experiences reported.
Findings-To the best of the authors' knowledge, the study is one of the first to provide an understanding of the negative experiences micro-entrepreneurs face on social media. The research showed the relevance of five out of the seven dark-side building blocks and identified time as a further influential aspect. Thereby, the authors learn to comprehend the negative sides of social media for micro-operated businesses. The findings highlight the need to understand entrepreneurial social media use with simultaneously negative hazards and economic and social challenges. Addressing the entanglement of the entrepreneurial and private selves of micro-entrepreneurs, the findings demonstrate entrepreneur's attempts of distancing or cleaning the negativity from their private identities and their businesses.
Originality/value-This paper problematizes dark sides as critical elements in entrepreneurial practice, which are too often neglected when discussing entrepreneurial marketing in general and entrepreneurship in social media specifically. The self is always captured between two sides, including the problematic ("dark") and the bright.
... This theory also points out that information acquisition is a process of thinking emotions and behavioral interaction of individuals, and individual differences such as knowledge reserve, experience, and social network relationship of information collectors all affect information acquisition ability (Wilson, 1999). Several studies in the literature employ cognitive-behavioral theory from different perspectives to measure the cognitive behavior of individuals and is considered a key aspect of organizational decision-making, i.e., in entrepreneurship (Shahzad et al., 2021), technology adoption decisions (Park and Kim, 2014;Malik et al., 2016;Zhang, 2019), social media and consumer behavior (Wang and Lin, 2012;Wang et al., 2019). Therefore, considering the importance of this theoretical aspect, we use it as the underlying theory for determining the strategic decision-making behavior of an organization's green innovation. ...
Green development helps to balance the conflict between economic expansion, environmental protection, and green strategy decisions by tackling the issue of excessive resource utilization during regional growth. This study aims to measure the green innovation strategic decisions quality by identifying the nexus between board capital, green innovation strategic information acquisition capability, and board group Faultline. A conceptual model has been proposed and tested to verify the proposed relationship. Data collection was analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS 24.0. The findings indicate that board human capital (BHC) and board social capital (BSC) have a beneficial influence on the quality of green innovation strategy decision-making. The green innovation strategic information acquisition capability plays a mediating role in the relationship between the two dimensions of board capital and the green innovation strategy decision-making quality. The mediating role of green innovation strategic information acquisition capability is moderated by board group Faultline. The core significance of this study is presented.
... Through social entrepreneurship, self-motivators explore various opportunities to contribute by making social changes or adding value to society's needs (Zahra et al., 2009). We argue that when individuals perceive a win-win situation they tend to practice reciprocity by adaptation and knowledge transfer between the parties involved (Jackson and Sparks, 2005) which positively influences the relationship quality, performance, and business negotiations (Hoppner et al., 2015;Arnesen and Foster, 2018;Shahzad et al., 2021). On the basis of aforementioned rationale, we posit following hypotheses: H1: Moral efficacy will promote students' intentions for social entrepreneurship. ...
This study chooses to describe social entrepreneurship as a social mission that enables business students to identify opportunities to launch start-ups and social enterprises by understanding the nature of social responsibility and fostering a reciprocal attitude to solve social issues. We collected data on students from different business schools in mainland China through a structured questionnaire (n = 326) and analyzed them through structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that moral efficacy and meaningfulness are positively related to positive reciprocity, which leads to students’ social entrepreneurial intentions. The study concluded that potential social entrepreneurs should take ethical courses as part of their training to help them develop a responsible mentality and social entrepreneurial aspirations. On this basis, the practical and theoretical significance of this study is proposed, and its limitations and future development directions are pointed out.
