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The ubiquity of social media has transformed communication patterns and interactions in contemporary society, allowing individuals to share experiences, thoughts, and opinions on a global scale. However, this unprecedented connectivity has also facilitated the dissemination of hate speech, posing novel challenges for platforms, policymakers, and re...
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... to the graph, there are 296 graphs with over or equal to 308 nodes with 247 strongly connected components, and 21 graphs with the largest strongly connected component of 9, while other 229 graphs with node numbers smaller than 9 and a maximum strongly connected component of either size of 1 or 2. It shows that around 54% of the hateful users have the ability to spread a message to over half of the hateful users because of the connection to the largest strongly connected component in the graph, while the other proportion of the hateful users has a small ability to spread messages by retweeting and 40% of hateful users are even isolated as disconnected hateful user. Figure 4 shows the degree distribution of the hate graph of all retweets between hateful users, and Figure 5 illustrates the degree distribution of a random single-spot hate spread graph. These two graphs of degree distributions indicate that the hate-spread retweet graph follows the Power Law. ...
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