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Date varieties evaluated (a) Khuzravi, (b) Zahidi, (c) Deglet Noor, (d) Daki, (e) Aseel, (f) Halavi, (g) Coconut, and (h) Barkavi.
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With the aim of extending the knowledge on chemical composition of dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.), eight different sun dried date varieties; (1) Daki, (2) Aseel, (3) Coconut, (4) Khuzravi, (5) Halavi, (6) Zahidi, (7) Deglet Noor and (8) Barkavi were examined to determine their proximate composition and mineral profile. All the date varieties were f...
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Citations
... Determination of water content to determine the durability of the sample in terms of storage. The low water content value indicates that the date palm powder can be stored for a long time without decay and is not susceptible to microbial growth of the biological activity of simplicia is well maintained (Jamil et al., 2010). Determination of ash content to identify the mineral content in the simplicia. ...
... Low ash content indicates total inorganic minerals. Inorganic minerals in high amounts can form complexes with metals in the bodies, because of enzymatic activity or other metabolic processes (Jamil et al., 2010). Determination of ethanol-soluble extract content how much extract or extract contained in the simplicia was soluble in ethanol solvent (Ramniwas & Singh, 2021). ...
Date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are known to contain phenolic compounds that have the potential as natural nephroprotective agents. Phenolics with solvents suitable for polarity and compounds identified by phytochemical screening, GC-MS analysis, and activity assays. This research went through 3 stages, screening with exploration and qualitative analysis of GCMS. The anti-nephrotoxic activity test used a pre-posttest controlled group design. In this study, rats have divided into six groups, namely Healthy control, negative control, and three treatment groups with ethanol extract of dates 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg. Mice were induced with 1% carrageenan twice a week. On macroscopic observation, date palm seeds are oval with indentations and light brown with a hard texture. Microscopic profile, endosperm, parenchyma, endocarp, stone cells, collenchyma, starch, oil cells, and carrier bundles. Physicochemical analysis, water content (8%), ash content (1.15%), fiber content (14.96%), and ethanol soluble extract content (10.3%). GC-MS analysis showed phenol,2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-4-methyl, 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic, and dihydromethyl jasmonate. A dose extract ethanol of 600 mg/kg BW reduces urea and creatinine levels up to 8,3 mg/dl and 0.132 mg/dl. The conclusion of the phytochemical study obtained a pharmacognostic profile. The GCMS analysis obtained the compound. The activity of the ethanol extract of date palm seeds can reduce urea and creatinine levels so that it developed as an anti-nephrotoxic alternative from natural ingredients.
... In context with the exploration of novel plant-based protein sources for production of bioactive peptides or protein hydrolysates, date seed proteins offer a potential source of novel proteins. Date palm belongs to the Palmaceae family that are mainly cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions (Jamil et al., 2010). One of the main byproducts from date processing are the seeds of the date fruit which contain approximately 7% protein by weight (Yousif et al., 1996). ...
This study aimed to explore the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (enzyme types and hydrolysis time) of date seed protein hydrolysates (DSPH) on in-vitro inhibition of molecular markers related with diabetic and hypercholesteremia. The DSPH was prepared using alcalase, bromelain, papain, and protease at different hydrolysis time (HT) (2, 4 and 6 h). Higher degree of hydrolysis was observed for papain at 6 h HT. The results showed that alcalase and bromelain generated DSPHs at 6 h HT greatly improved the pancreatic lipase inhibition activity while the cholesterol esterase inhibition activity was greatly enhanced with alcalase and protease at 6 h HT and papain generated DSPHs at 4 h HT. Bromelain generated DSPH displayed the highest inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and amylase at 6 and 2 h hydrolysis time, respectively. All the enzymes at 2 h HT except that of papain showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. These results revealed that the DSPH displayed enhanced inhibitory activities towards molecular markers related with diabetes and obesity and thus have promising potential to be used as health-promoting ingredients in the fabrication of functional foods.
... Several varieties of the date palm are produced in the southern regions of Pakistan and the prominent among these are Dhaki, Aseel, and Zahidi (Soomro et al., 2022). The date fruit is responsible for providing nutrition to millions of people around the globe (Jamil et al., 2010). Date fruit contributes to the diet of people living in Pakistan and is an important source of nutrition. ...
The current study was conducted to determine the effect of four maturity stages on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties. Four varieties of date palm viz., Zahidi, Aseel, Halawi, and Dhaki were used at four ripening stages (Kimri, Khalal, Rutab, and Tamer). The protein and fat contents of all the selected varieties of dates decreased from Kimri to the tamer stage of development. In all the date varieties the glucose, fructose, and total sugar contents were increased up to the full ripe stage. On the other hand, the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), and total flavonoid content decreased gradually in all the selected date varieties from Kimri to Tamer stage of development. The highest amount of TPC, TFC, DPPH, and FRAP was observed in the Dhaki variety. During the fruit maturation process, minerals and dietary fiber contents also decreased from Kimri to Tamer stage of development in all varieties. The dietary fiber including both soluble and insoluble fiber was observed highest in Dhaki variety at the Kimri stage. © 2022, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.
... Therefore, a small amount of fat is present in dates at the levels of approximately 0.14 g per 100 g in fresh dates and 0.38 g per 100 g of dried dates [121]. Date fruits contain minerals such as iron, potassium, calcium, selenium, magnesium, selenium, copper, phosphorus, zinc, cobalt, sulfur, manganese and fluorene [44,137,138]. It is evident that high potassium and low sodium contents in dates are good for people with hypertension problems [139,140]. ...
Date (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae) fruits and their by-products are rich in nutrients. The health benefits of dates and their incorporation into value-added products have been widely studied. The date-processing industry faces a significant sustainability challenge as more than 10% (w/w) of the production is discarded as waste or by-products. Currently, food scientists are focusing on bakery product fortification with functional food ingredients due to the high demand for nutritious food with more convenience. Utilizing date components in value-added bakery products is a trending research area with increasing attention. Studies where the researchers tried to improve the quality of bakery goods by incorporating date components have shown positive results, with several drawbacks that need attention and further research. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the utilization of date components in bakery products and to identify gaps in the current knowledge. This review will help focus further research in the area of valorization of date by-products and thereby contribute to the generation of novel functional bakery products that meet consumer expectations and industry standards, thus generating income for the relevant industry and considerable alleviation of the environmental burden this waste and by-products contribute to. Only a few studies have been focused on utilizing date by-products and their extracts for baked goods, while a research area still remaining under-explored is the effect of incorporation of date components on the shelf life of bakery products.
... The higher content was reported in Anabarah (77.5 mg/100 g) followed by Suqaey (75.3 mg/100 g) and Ajwa (72.1 mg/100 g). The occurrence of high contents of carbohydrate in the four dates varieties confirms the importance of this constituent; this results match with the previously published data [20,21]. The carbohydrate concentration was approximately similar between tested date varieties. ...
This work aims to study the antioxidant activities and chemical constituents of four Saudi date palm varieties (Ajwa, Kodari, Anbarah and Suqaey). Results showed variation in chemical composition and antioxidant activates. Carbohydrates (71.5–77.3 g/100 g dry matter) and moisture contents were the predominant competent in all flesh date palms (80.44–82.82%). Anbarah reported the highest protein and ash contents (3.50% and 2.32%, respectively) between the four varieties, while fat contents were low in the four types. Total phenols and antioxidant activities were higher in Ajwa compared to the other varieties. IC50 of Ajwa, Kodari, Anbarah and Suqaey was 24.5, 25.55, 28.51 and 26.41 mg/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activities can be contributed to dates highly phenolic contents, which improve the antioxidant activities that could be used in food formulations.
... Similarly, Osman et al. [26] analyzed fiber contents (2.3 %) in guar gum. In consistent to our results, Jamil et al. [27] have made the profile of proximate and mineral composition of uncharted date palm varieties collected from different geographical regions of Pakistan. According to them, moisture contents were 1.6 to 9.8 % whereas soluble minerals were 1.82-2.87 ...
... Mostly, they are focusing on morphological markers for identification of date palm genotypes. In Pakistan, there are 325 date palm genotypes that need to be secured scientifically focusing on molecular aspects (Jamil et al. 2010;Haider et al. 2015). In the world, there is extensive use of molecular markers for different genetic analyses i.e., DNA fingerprinting, phylogenetic studies, genotyping-by-sequencing, genome sequencing and re-sequencing and genome wide association (Gros-Balthazard et al. 2018). ...
The availability of different PCR based markers systems to reveal the differences among various genotypes has prompted to compare the utility of these markers in diversity analysis. In the present study, we reported the diversity among collected date palm germplasm and compared the efficiency of SSRs and ISSRs in revealing the genetic diversity. Dendrograms based on ISSRs and SSRs grouped fifty date palm genotypes into seven and three clusters, respectively. Genotypes having similar genetic make-up were grouped together. Two genotypes Begum Jangi and Burhami had distinct genetic background and remained independent in the ISSRs based dendrogram. Population structure analysis revealed higher allelic admixture among fifty date palm genotypes collected from two different regions i.e., Jhang and Bahawalpur. This allelic admixture among the genotypes of two regions is possibly due to exchange of germplasm. Among ISSRs, UBC-808 has the maximum PIC (0394) and Dj (0.722) values. While among SSRs, PDAAG-1010 has PIC and Dj values of 0.510 and 0.677, respectively. Comparison of two markers systems depicted that SSRs have high value (0.51) of expected heterozygosity of polymorphic loci (Hep). However, higher effective multiplex ratio (E) and markers index (MI) advocated the usability of ISSRs for diversity analysis. In conclusion, in the presence of high level of genetic similarity among collected germplasm, the use of markers indices can be helpful for the selection of particular markers system to reveal the genotypic differences.
... The macro and micro minerals contents in date flesh have been reported previously by [10]- [12] with different varieties of dates samples and the instrument used. Inductively coupled plasma is one of the analytical technique that is more frequently reported [13]- [16] to analyze metals in the plant materials and food samples. ...
... mg/kg and 3 mg/kg-59 mg/kg were reported by [33], [43] respectively. In contrast, other studies reported higher concentrations of Mn in dates from various countries [10], [35], [40]. Mn is a crucial trace element for brain function and metabolism of protein and carbohydrates [10], [30]. ...
... In contrast, other studies reported higher concentrations of Mn in dates from various countries [10], [35], [40]. Mn is a crucial trace element for brain function and metabolism of protein and carbohydrates [10], [30]. High value of Ni in dates fruit was reported by [11] with the values in the range between 16.27 mg/kg and 17.85 mg/kg. ...
Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. It is known to be the most important fruit tree particularly in the Middle Eastern and Asian countries due to its natural sources of nutrition. The element composition of 10 commercially available dates and its pit samples purchased from local market were determined and evaluated using multivariate analysis technique. Samples were digested using nitric acid and hydrochloric acid and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium were found to be the major elements in both flesh and pit samples. Comparison between minor elements in both samples showed that the flesh samples contained higher levels of aluminium, barium and selenium while other minor elements were higher in the pit samples. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were performed on multivariate dataset of the flesh and the pit samples separately to observe the relationship between samples
... The date palm (P. dactylifera L.) is cultivated in dry and semi-arid regions in the world and is an important member of the family Palmaceae [10][11][12]. Palm trees are abundant all over the world, particularly in the Arab Gulf area. It is considered to be the most important tree in most of the Arabian countries [12,13]. ...
... Palm trees are abundant all over the world, particularly in the Arab Gulf area. It is considered to be the most important tree in most of the Arabian countries [12,13]. On the other hand, fruit exploitation of date palm trees represents an important economical support for indigenous populations [14]. ...
The aim of this study was the determination of
levels of amino acids and fatty acids in date
palm kernel (DPK) flour
... Seventy percent of these trees are grown in Arab countries and are responsible for 67% of the global date production (El-Juhany 2010). Date fruit is a nutritive food product, rich in calories and natural source of energy due to their high carbohydrate content (≈70-80%), proteins (1.9-3%), fat (0.2-2.8%), minerals (1.3%) like magnesium, manganese, copper, chromium, zinc, phosphor, iron, potassium and considerable amount of calcium and vitamins such as B1 and B2 and folic acid and other active compounds (Abo Rady et al 1987, Al-Farsi et al 2007, Jamil et al 2010, Kulkarni et al 2010. Besides the direct consumption of the date fruit, the process industries produce various date products like date-paste, date-syrup, date-dip, date-honey, date-jam, date-vinegar, etc. (Ahmed and Ramaswamy 2006). ...
Clarity of juice is an important factor regarding the quality of the juice. The clarification of date juice from zahdi date (semi-dry) by means of chitosan was studied in this paper. Date juice was prepared by cold extraction and clarified by two different molecular weight of prepared chitosan, chitosan A (1155 KDa) and B (720 KDa). Zahdi date fruits composed of moisture, total sugars, reducing sugar, pectin, crude protein, fat, fiber and ash of 17.77, 70.01, 68.00, 0.95, 1.30, 0.30, 1.90, 1.40 per cent, respectively. The date juice (1kg fresh date +3 L water) before clarification was rich in reducing sugars 20.36% and total sugar 21.50%. The juice pH was 6.2 and turbidity 285 NTU. The protein, ash and pectin content were 0.34, 0.44 and 0.20 per cent respectively. Chitosan A highly decreased turbidity when used in the clarification of date juice and was reduced to 28 NTU. Reducing sugar was decreased to 18.18 and 14.18% in clarified date juices with chitosan A and B, with the absence of traces of protein and pectin. The optimum conditions to remove impurities from date juice by clarification with chitosan B at a-1 concentration of 1g l at 40C° and pH 5 for 60 min while chitosan A showed long time for high clarification (90 minutes).
