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... tropical rainforests, oxbow lakes (Figs. 4-6), freshwater swamp forests (Figs. 7-9) and peat swamp forests (Figs. 10-14). The western portion of Jambi Prov- ince is situated about 1000-3000 metres above sea level, in the highlands of the Barisan range. The highland volcanic lakes of Kerinci (710 m a.s.l.; Fig. 15) and Gunung Tujuh (1950 m a.s.l.; Fig. 16) are some of the headwaters of the Batang Hari. The lake of Gunung Tujuh is the highest lake in Southeast Asia ( Whitten et al., 1987: 402;Clarke, ...
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... one or two pairs of barbels, a conspicuous black spot between the anus and the anal-fin origin, spots on the dorsal mid-line and a conspicuous black stripe ending in a blotch in the upper half of the lower lobe of the caudal fin, not reaching the posterior extremity of the rays. This is appar- ently the undetermined species of Roberts (1989: 32, fig. 16c). It is presently known only from the southern Malay Peninsula (Johor), Sumatra (Ba- tang Hari), Kalimantan Tengah (Kahayan drain- age) and Kalimantan Barat (Kapuas drainage) (pers. ...
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... maxillary barbels. The lectotype (ZMA 113745; Fig. 24) in fact has a tiny rostral barbel on each side in the groove between the rostral cap and the posterior part of the lower lip, and a small maxillary barbel on the left side and none on the right side. This is the specimen (with the dissected mouth) figured by Weber & de Beaufort (1916: 232, fig. 96). The paralectotype is figured by pl. 7). ...
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Citations
... Voucher specimens are stored in the collections of CMK (collection of fourth author, MK), IAPG (Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Liběchov, Czech Republic) and ZRC (Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore). Identification of species followed Kottelat (1984Kottelat ( , 1990Kottelat ( , 2021, Roberts (1989), Freyhof & Serov (2001), Tan & Kottelat (2009 and Hadiaty & Yamahira (2014). The samples of 'N.' corica were already included in a former study (Sember et al., 2015). ...
Southeast Asia is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, and the high level of diversity and endemism was reached by colonisation events as well as internal diversification. We investigate the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of the loach genus Nemacheilus, which is widely distributed and common across freshwaters of Southeast Asia. In addition we present the ancestral range reconstruction of the related loach genus Pangio that commonly occurs in the same region as Nemacheilus. Our results reveal that the species currently classified as Nemacheilus in fact are a polyphyletic assemblage; most species are now retaining in a monophyletic Nemacheilus sensu stricto and five species belong to different lineages. We further indicate the existence of hidden diversity within Nemacheilus in the form of several undescribed species. Three major clades (Selangoricus, Masyae and Ornatus) are found within the genus Nemacheilus sensu stricto. These clades generally correspond to the species groups formerly defined on the basis of their pigmentation pattern. The biogeographic analyses show that Nemacheilus most likely originated in mainland Southeast Asia and subsequently expanded in a southward direction to Borneo, Sumatra and Java and the southern Malay Peninsula. In contrast, the genus Pangio originated in Sundaland, from where it extended several times northwards into Indochina and to northern India. Our results demonstrate that small freshwater fishes with restricted dispersal ability are very helpful for the reconstruction of biogeographic history. The contrasting biogeographic history of these two groups of small, benthic and related fish show how complex and case-specific the processes that lead to the biodiversity richness of Southeast Asia are.
... The subsequent three species were described by Meinken, all based on aquarium trade fishes (Meinken, 1956(Meinken, , 1958a(Meinken, , 1958b(Meinken, , 1967. Trigonostigma hengeli is now known from two main locations, one in central Jambi and another in West Kalimantan (Tan & Kottelat, 2009), and appears sporadically in the aquarium trade. Trigonostigma somphongsi is the most uncommon of the four species, supposedly from Menam in southern Thailand (Chao Phraya drainage) (Kottelat, 2013). ...
... Trigonostigma heteromorpha is the most widely distributed species of the genus, occurring in Malay Peninsula (Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, Johor, Pahang), Singapore, Sumatra (North Sumatra and Riau provinces), Riau archipelago islands of Batam, Bintan, and Lingga, Bangka island and Belitung island (see Fig. 5). In Sumatra, T. heteromorpha is found only in North Sumatra and Riau provinces and is replaced by T. hengeli in Jambi and South Sumatra provinces (Kottelat & Witte, 1999;Tan & Kottelat, 2009). ...
Trigonostigma truncata, new species, is described from the coastal swamp forests along the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. It differs from all congeners, in having a gently sloping lateral head and nape shape, the characteristic black triangular marking, newly termed here as the axine, which is large with its caudal apex not reaching caudal-fin base, presence of orange-red colour on the anal fin, a bluish-lilac coloured sheen on body in life, and a shallower body depth as compared to its most similar congener, T. heteromorpha. A key to the genus Trigonostigma and a brief redescription of T. heteromorpha is also included.
... All of these are minute glassfishes, not growing larger than 22 to 32 mm SL (Tan & Lim, 2011). Very little is known about the biology of this taxon, but it seems that it is restricted to brown to black water habitats in open areas, adjacent to peat and freshwater swamp forests (Roberts, 1994;Tan & Kottelat, 2009). ...
A spectacularly coloured sexually dimorphic freshwater glassfish allied to Gymnochanda verae is described herein. It shares with its other congeners a body without scales, but differing from its congeners with males having a maroon-red first dorsal fin, expanded maroon-red anal and second dorsal fins with black distal portions, without any individual fin ray elongations free from the interradial fin membranes; head with reddish opercle cover. A key to the genus Gymnochanda is also provided.
... Roberts (1989) later recorded this species from western Borneo, based on material collected from a small peat swamp in southwestern Borneo. It has since been reported from peat swamp forests and blackwater streams throughout much of western and southern Borneo, eastern Sumatra and Banka, Bintan and Singkep islands Tan & Tan, 1994;Kottelat & Lim, 1995;Lim & Parenti, 2005;Tan & Kottelat, 2009). Individuals of Sundadanio are frequently collected in sympatry with Paedocypris, an other genus of the Cyprinidae endemic to the peat swamp forests of Southeast Asia (Kottelat et al., 2006;Britz & Kottelat, 2008). ...
... Sundadanio goblinus is the only species of Sundadanio known currently from mainland Sumatra (Tan & Kottelat, 2009 ...
Gymnochanda verae, new species, a small, colourful and sexually dimorphic freshwater glassperch, is described from the Gantung area of Pulau Belitung, Indonesia. It shares with its congeners a scale-less body, but differs in the males having broad red anal and second dorsal fins, red caudal-fin lobes, and the elongated rays of the second dorsal fin and the anal fin joined throughout their length by an interradial membrane.
Rasbora lateristriata is a primary freshwater fish described from Java Island of Indonesia but its taxonomy, phylogeny, and distributional boundary have not been fully studied. Rasbora baliensis was described as a species endemic to Balinese lakes but its taxonomic status has been controversial in relation to R. lateristriata. Here, we collected Rasbora fishes from various freshwater localities of Java Island, as well as five neighboring islands to conduct molecular and morphological analyses on their phylogenetic relationships. Both molecular analyses using two mitochondrial and two nuclear gene sequences and morphological analyses featuring the body color pattern consistently support that the currently recognized R. lateristriata forms a species complex including at least four major lineages that possibly represent different species. In one of the major lineages, Balinese individuals cluster with those from East Javanese, Lombok and Sumbawa localities, calling for taxonomic revision on R. baliensis. The other three major lineages occur in distinct regions of central, west-central, and western Java and they can be clearly distinguished by the combination of pigmentation patterns in the basicaudal blotch and the supra anal pigment. Our molecular phylogeny suggests west-to-east divergences of the R. lateristriata species complex in Java Island from the late Miocene to Plio-Pleistocene before it finally crossed Wallace’s Line, colonizing Lombok and Sumbawa Islands very recently.
Gymnochanda verae, new species, a small, colourful and sexually dimorphic freshwater glassperch, is described from the Gantung area of Pulau Belitung, Indonesia. It shares with its congeners a scale-less body, but differs in the males having broad red anal and second dorsal fins, red caudal-fin lobes, and the elongated rays of the second dorsal fin and the anal fin joined throughout their length by an interradial membrane.
We have recorded 54 species of non-native or alien freshwater ¯shes from 14 of the 15 reservoirs in Singapore. 31 of these species are established and breeding in the reservoirs. Three species (Mystus wol±i, Amphilophus citrinellum, and Satanoperca jurupari) represent new alien records for Singapore.
One of the main challenges in support vector machine (SVM) for data mining applications is to obtain explicit knowledge from the solutions of SVM for explaining classification decisions. This paper exploits the fact that the decisions from a non-linear SVM could be decoded into linguistic rules based on the information provided by support vectors and its decision function. Given a support vector of a certain class, cross points between each line, which is extended from the support vector along each axis, and SVM decision hyper-curve are searched first. A hyper-rectangular rule is derived from these cross points. The hyper-rectangle is tuned by a tuning phase in order to exclude those out-class data points. Finally, redundant rules are merged to produce a compact rule set. Simultaneously, important attributes could be highlighted in the extracted rules. Rule extraction results from our proposed method could follow decisions of SVM classifiers very well. Comparisons between our method and other rule extraction methods are also carried out on several benchmark data sets. Higher rule accuracy is obtained in our method with fewer number of premises in each rule.
