Fig 3 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
This paper proposes a solar array regulation technique for a high-voltage satellite power bus. The regulation method combines on-off control at low frequency, i.e. kHz range, of highly efficient isolated and unregulated dc-dc converters operating at high frequency, i.e. hundreds of kHz. Although this technique can adopt different implementations, t...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... important difference is that DCX allows voltage and current conversion ratio (gain is transformer turns ratio, n) when it transfers power to the bus, as it can be noted in the DCX averaged model. The main waveforms of the power cells are represented in figure 3. Although M1 and M2 can be used to perform power control transfer, u, and therefore one transistor is saved, Msh simplifies current limiting during shunt operation. ...
Similar publications
Among many applications of DC–DC isolated converters, power supplies, renewable energy sources, and electric vehicles are prominent. These converters are the basic, easy to use, low component count and being used in industry from a few decades. In this study, a unique operation mode of DC–DC isolated converter called “green mode” is proposed to inc...
Citations
... The power transfer from the source to the batteries and loads uses either the Direct Energy Transfer (DET) or Maximum Power-Point Tracking (MPPT) architectures [23,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Figure 5c,d show these architectures, respectively [47,48]. While the MPPT architecture is used in low-and medium-power LEO satellites and interplanetary missions using unregulated bus systems, the DET is widely used in medium-and high-power GEO satellites using fully regulated bus architectures [49]. Two basic design approaches are used for distributing power: distributed power and decentralized power architectures [50]. ...
Future manned and deep space missions require an Electrical Power System (EPS) that can deliver high power while overcoming challenges like weight and volume constraints and the harsh space environment. A variety of DC-DC converters are employed to supply, store, and transmit power to various satellite subsystems. This paper identifies the design specifications of DC-DC converters for a range of satellite applications and offers a state-of-the-art review of non-isolated, isolated, and integrated topologies. Foreseeing the future of electric propulsion, various sources for electric propulsion are compared, and converters for electric propulsion are studied. The topologies are compared regarding practical parameters like reliability, modularity, redundancy, efficiency, and power density. Furthermore, an application-wise comparison of the topologies and the type of satellite they are suitable for is provided. Finally, the research gaps pertaining to various space applications, such as the design of DC-DC converters, electric propulsion, deep space exploration, electronic component selection, and space-based power satellites, are presented.
... Power regulator topologies based on Direct Energy Transfer (DET) directly transfer the energy produced from PV cells to payloads without intermediate power converters and are often preferred for electrical energy processing in space applications where efficiency, thermal dissipation, and mass are critical problems [9], [16], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31]. One of the most used DET topologies in artificial satellites is the Sequential Switching Shunt Regulator (SSSR or S 3 R) due to its excellent dynamic disturbance response, high power density, and good efficiency [23], [25], [28], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53]. The S 3 R switching allows to periodically short-circuit PV cells and directly measure their short-circuit currents, which are essential data to determine sunlight incidence angles, sun position, angular rates, and the individual power conversion capacity of each PV cell for space applications. ...
Despite metrological limitations, photovoltaic (PV) cells can be used as orbital sensors in order to evaluate sunlight incidence angles, sun position, and angular rates with acceptable accuracy for several on-board functions in an artificial satellite. This information is assessed using short-circuit currents and open-circuit voltages of PV cells, which can be measured and acquired from the power regulator operation. This paper presents the feasibility of the use of PV conversion systems in the evaluation of sun position and angular rates for on-board functions in a parallelepiped-shaped prismatic artificial satellite.
... In this regard, the architecture described in [11] employs phase-shifted zero-voltage switching (ZVS) full-bridge converters in an Input Parallel Output Series (IPOS) configuration. A similar idea is proposed by the authors in [14], but the architecture is based on the current-fed zero-voltage zero-current switching (ZVZCS) direct current transformer (DCX) converter, described in [15]. Bus regulation is achieved using the Sequential Switching Shunt Regulator (S3R) technique, which consists of a sequential control of the DCX modules using a hysteretic controller [16]. ...
... The main research points of this article include a review of the state of the technology and availability of HV SiC Schottky diodes for space applications, with a focus on their voltage rating under the impact of high-energy particles. Additionally, this article covers the design and experimental validation of serialized DCX converters to achieve 600 V and 900 V distribution bus based on the S3DCX presented in [14]. The research also investigates the electric isolation of the DCX transformer and power cell in vacuum and partial pressure conditions. ...
... To regulate and increase the voltage from the solar panels to an HV distribution bus, the S3DCX topology [14] has been chosen. This topology allows each power cell to increase the input voltage of the solar arrays to an intermediate level and then serialize the outputs of each power cell to achieve the desired HV. ...
This article proposes a photovoltaic power processor for high-voltage and high-power distribution bus, between 300 V and 900 V, to be used in future space platforms like large space stations or lunar bases. Solar arrays with voltages higher than 100 V are not available for space application, being necessary to apply power conversion techniques. The idea behind this is to use series-connected zero-voltage and zero-current unregulated and isolated DC converters to achieve high bus voltage from the existing solar arrays. Bus regulation is then achieved through low-frequency hysteretic control. Topology description, semiconductor selection, design procedure, simulation and experimental validation, including tests in vacuum and partial pressures, are presented.
... A notable example identified in the literature is that in aerospace applications, commercial SAS systems do not meet the rapid dynamics required for such applications. As a result, many researchers have developed their own SASs to overcome the dynamic limitations of commercial SAS systems [29][30][31]. ...
The search for energy alternatives in the face of growing global demand highlights solar energy as a promising and sustainable option that is fundamental in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. In this context, inverters play a key role in connecting and distributing solar energy, requiring certification through specific tests. Given environmental unpredictability and economic challenges, the use of Solar Array Simulators (SASs) is recommended to accurately replicate the behavior of photovoltaic modules under various conditions. This study analyzes the static and dynamic performances of SASs with the aim of ensuring a faithful reproduction of module behavior in real situations under both steady-state and transient conditions. The primary focus is to ensure that experimental results are reliable and representative, promoting the implementation of more efficient energy solutions. Additionally, this study discusses the importance of optimizing inverter controllers to reflect the more realistic dynamics provided by SASs.
In [1], (A.7) and (A.8) are corrected as follows: \begin{align*} {{L}_m} &\approx 170\ \mu \mathrm{H}\\ {{C}_{TR}} &\approx 200\ \text{pF}\\ {{L}_{lk}} &\approx 650\ \text{nH}. \tag{A.7} \end{align*}
