Fig 1 - uploaded by Zainal Arifin Hasibuan
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Culture and natural history are life aspects that represent characteristic of one nation. Many problems and challenges in managing cultural heritage data are emminent, such as: unintegrated database, incomprehensive inventory, limited access to public, and so forth. Various data, applications, and technologies of cultural heritage and natural histo...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... national Cultural Heritage and Natural History (CHNH) has been done by many institutions. But, it was done separately and has no coordination among museum, library, community and other institutions. Whilst, information related to preserved CHNH, which contain cultural power of one nation, has been stored and disseminated over many institutions, organizations, and public. Many institutions, organizations, and public owned and preserved various cultural heritage and natural history collections. However, it is very difficult for public to find and identify CHNH information at a given specific location. Cultural heritage and natural history preservation contributes also to other aspects of life, such as: tourism, economy, content industry, security and defence, and business. Each cultural heritage has its tradition, strategic directive, and local wisdom, which can be inherited for next generations. Existing CHNH information has not been fully used to support those aspects. Beside that, CHNH information also can be used as a content for national character building and national unity strength. Furthermore, CHNH information also is needed as the sources of indigenous knowledge and world civilization. In order to integrate the storing, disseminating, and preserving of CHNH digital information, there is a need to develop an electronic CHNH (eCHNH) framework and implement it into a portal that can be shared and accessed from public and non-public domain. This framework ensure digital preservation of CHNH complies to all international standards and format. The eCHNH portal based on this framework ensures an integrated repository, and widely accessible by stakeholders. The next sections we will discuss related works, our proposed eCHNH framework based on Zachman Architecture Framework, eCHNH web portal, and conclusion. Culture is a human pattern or model which is learned and spread in our daily life. This pattern has been assimilated into all human social interaction aspects. Culture is also an important human adaptation mechanism. The meaning of “culture” can be described as the results of activities and human mind creations, such as : beliefs, arts, and customs, and human knowledge as social creature, that are used for understanding ecology and his / her experiences, and become his / her behaviour directives. UNESCO [8] divided cultural heritage into two categories: tangible and intangible cultural heritage (see Fig. 1). Tangible cultural heritage is divided into immovable heritage and movable heritage. Immovable heritage includes historical building, monument, archeological sites. Movable heritage includes paintings, sculptures, furnitures, wall paintings. Intangible cultural heritage consists of oral traditions and expressions, including language; performing arts, social habits, rituals, and festivals; science and habits related to nature and world; and traditional skills. Indonesia is one of the countries that has many ethnic groups living in various areas. Each area has its own characteristics in culture. These various cultural heritages have been created since prehistoric period and that must be preserved for the next generations. One of organizations that collect Indonesian cultural heritage is IACI (Indonesian Archipelago Culture Initiatives). IACI works together with TIKAR Foundation in creating “NATIONAL CULTURAL ENCYCLOPEDIA”. IACI has classified the existing culture into: traditional dances, ornaments, motive fabric, traditional musical instruments, traditional folklores, traditional musics and songs, traditional foods and beverages, rituals, performing arts, architecture products, traditional dresses, traditional weapons and battle equipments, ancient scripts and historical inscriptions. All these information has to be preserved. Preservation is an action that preserves cultural heritage objects and historical objects. According to UNESCO [5], the original condition from these objects must be maintained unchanged. Physical preservation can be conducted by using conservation, restoration, etc. As we need to preserve these objects phisically, we also need to preserve their information digitally. Digital preservation has been internationally developed by many institutions and has been assigned by UNESCO. Some guidelines has been proposed by UNESCO , such as [5], and [9]. In adition, there are many international standards and best practices that have been used for digital preservation in many institutions, like : UNESCO, ICOM, ICOMOS, ICCROM, IFLA, WWF, IUCN, et al. Beside culture heritage, we also need to preserve our natural history. Some dictionaries and experts have defined “natural history” as a study and description about organisms and natural objects, especially about their origins, evolutions, and their relations, including science about botany, zoology, mineralogy, geology, and paleontology. Botany is a branch of biology that concerns about plant’s life; science about plants. Zoology is science about animal’s life and classification of various animal morphologies around the world. Mineralogy is science about mineral. Geology is science about composition, structure, and history of the earth. Paleontology is science about fossils (animals and plants). From those definitions above, it can be concluded that natural history consists of local plants and animals, minerals, natural landscapes, and prehistorical objects and sites. Both cultural heritage and natural history information is scattered, uncoordinated, unformatted, and difficult to stored and to access. Hence we need to use ICT. In order to integrate the digital preservation of CHNH and make them accessible to users, it needs information and communication technology (ICT). Preserving a culture using ICT is called eCulture. According to Sanjin Dragojevi ć , et al [2], eCulture is formed as an impact of many serious challenges and changes that is experienced by modern society, such as: spread of knowledge, social interaction forms, education, economic practices, culture, and media. There are also many changes, like: information sources increased many times, and there are internet users that spend their times on reading and gathering on-line information. The challenges are: extinction on few traditional customs, and cultural diversity. ECulture is existed as one solutions for those challenges and changes. So eCulture can become a new cultural media and stores existing knowledge through culture heritage . Meanwhile, Alfredo M. Ronchi [8] defined eCulture as an eContent component that used for preserving and representing cultural heritage inline with future challenges, displaying important cultural assets clearly and informatively by using technology arts. Operationally, eCulture uses various media, including web based media and multimedia. Netherlands Council for Culture [6] explained that eCulture can be seen as ICT integration into important processes: production, distribution, presentation, preservation, and reusable cultural expression. Those processes form three aspects of eCulture : there is ICT application inside existing framework (digitisation of information); there is cultural innovation, that digital technology gives new form and combination from its contents and presentations; and there are facts that digitalization can build organizations and roles in organization’s culture, adopt the new functions and working methods. Those three ...
Similar publications
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. British Ec...
Newspapers help teachers to connect their classes with the real world. Their role in education is widely researched, but the use of historical newspapers has attracted little attention. Using social practice theory, this article examines the practices they enable, and how such practices relate to the skills and knowledge upper-secondary students ar...
In this paper we exploit a volunteer-based information paradigm for archaeological aims. In particular, we present PetroAdvisor, a system supporting several fundamental activities to digitally preserve petroglyph sites. The system also uses a rewarding strategy in order to stimulate people participation to the project, so that those entering useful...
One of the most beautiful elements of cultural heritage in Romanian villages is the Transylvanian wooden churches. Unfortunately, these heritage elements have experienced considerable deterioration. This paper presents the results of a project whose main goal was the scientific investigation of the Imperial Gates belonging to the wooden church in S...
In situ preservation discourages the dislocation of material culture while pushing the methods of archaeology to become increasingly less invasive. Our underwater survey, along the maritime trade routes of the Lycian coast of Turkey, is such an example that followed the principles of in situ preservation. Archaeologists and volunteer divers conduct...
Citations
... In the bioinspired design, processes are imprecise and less documented due to less implementation in organizations. Researchers have used the Zachman framework to represent complex programs such as US-CIPP (critical infrastructure protection program) [18], diagnoses modeling technique [19], decision-making for business strategies [20], used in computer classes to help students learn more effectively [21], used to represent digital libraries [22], to analyze sustainability standards [23], for reverse engineering and develop or integrate frameworks as well [24][25][26]. Andry et al. developed an enterprise architectural landscape inspired by the Zachman framework [27]. ...
The biological knowledge capture and its representation in bioinspired design are challenging as knowledge is widely scattered, bulky and complicated due to its cross-domain nature. There is a dearth of bioinspired design firms, and the roles of their actors are ignored. Various causal and functional models developed hardly represent collective knowledge and are less useful for designers. To overcome these challenges, we have used the Zachman Framework in two ways. The Zachman Framework is primarily used to represent complex objects with much information from an architectural perspective. Firstly, by using the original Zachman Framework, we represent knowledge transfer in a bioinspired design organization. Secondly, we modify the Zachman Framework to represent the biological entities. We present a complete description, methodology, and approach for both these cases. The goal of first approach is to organize and represent captured knowledge transfer and make it readily available for stakeholders for making design decisions. The second approach as modified framework is significant as it can represent knowledge of any biological entity in its entirety as a knowledge capsule. The contribution of this paper is to propose approaches for using the Zachman Framework that provides a mechanism to ensure that the holistic bioinspired knowledge activities are able to drive the bioinspired design cycle and applicable to all bioinspired design studios. The guidance provided by the adapted Zachman Framework can help designers in deciding whether to attend or to ignore the biological entity, supporting the learning environments and validating for the knowledge addition in real-time applications.
... Heritage resources indicators (Table 2) were expanded through the World Heritage Convention, featuring three domains. Ten measurements were used to assess the heritage resources at tourist destinations to ascertain the complexity of the tourism community setting (Hua, 2010;Kurniawan et al., 2021;Petti et al., 2020). These heritage properties were the main resources for tourism The availability of tourism services to accommodate and support visitors to the site was assessed, regardless of whether it is a direct tourism destination. ...
The tourism industry often views heritage as a commodity rather than a way of conserving resources. This paper clarifies the challenges faced by Community-Based Tourism (CBT) from the perspective of heritage resources consumption caused by tourism development with the aid of a countrywide database. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis are performed on 549 communities endorsed by government and non-government agencies. The results reveal three major clusters: nature-based ecotourism, group of buildings and historical district-based shopping tourism, and cultural landscape-based agritourism. These clusters share resource-based interests and perspectives on tourism management. Each cluster exhibited the identity of CBT, was associated with local management, and represented how individuals interpret their heritage. This data helps and supports tourism policy changes at both local and national level.
... Initiatives that raise the awareness of DCH best practice to heritage professionals and decision makers, with a view to promoting open data policies and best practices (and collaborations between cultural heritage institutions and IT professionals) are therefore encouraged -to build upon the MaDiH initiative and other similar DCH projects. According to Kurniawan (2011), unintegrated databases, incomprehensive inventories, and limited public access are just some of the issues that face the management of cultural heritage around the world. Downtime or systems failure due to inadequate infrastructure, information technology, or lack of systems, and any failure or malfunction in those systems are threats that undermine the deployment of digital technologies in any field, including cultural heritage. ...
MaDiH (مديح): Mapping Digital Cultural Heritage in Jordan is an AHRC/Newton funded collaborative project between King’s Digital Lab (KDL), the Hashemite University, the Council for British Research in the Levant (CBRL), the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, the Jordanian Open Source Association, and the Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa (EAMENA) project. The project aims to contribute to the development of Jordan’s digital cultural heritage by identifying systems, datasets, standards, and policies, and aligning them to government digital infrastructure capabilities and strategies. The MaDiH data catalogue or, in future, repository includes datasets that have been created over the past 50 years by archaeological teams, official institutions, museums, research institutions, or individuals from Jordan and other countries such as the United Kingdom, United States, Germany, France, Japan, and Canada. In total 325 datasets on Jordanian cultural heritage were recorded in the MaDiH CKAN repository. This representative sample is designed to be the core of the prototype for a national data catalogue using CKAN (ckan.org), an open-source data publishing tool for data collection. The project represented stage one of a larger three stage vision to ‘Map’, ‘Build’ and ‘Deliver’ enhanced Digital Cultural Heritage (DCH) capability for Jordan. MaDiH (مديح) sits at the intersection of numerous currents in contemporary DCH activity. It engages in long-standing practices such as software engineering, information management, data curation, open knowledge, and archive management informed by more recent initiatives such as Critical Infrastructure Studies, Postcolonial Digital Humanities (DH), Indigenous DH, and Global DH.
... Academically, it has been applied in computing classrooms for improved student learning [19] and representation of digital libraries [20]. It has also been used to analyze sustainability standards [21], for reverse engineering and integrated with other frameworks as well [22][23][24] and has been used to define knowledge management architecture in an enterprise [4]. ...
Natural entities are sources of inspiration for designers as they exhibit nature's unique and novel strategies and help them design products. For understanding and abstracting principles from nature, the knowledge of a biological entity is a must. Knowledge capture and representation in bio-inspired design is a complex process. Firstly, the biological entities are documented in different places such as books, articles, blogs, etc. A designer might need to spend considerable time while shuffling through these documents without coming to any conclusion. Secondly, biological knowledge is intricate and from a different domain. This complexity at the entity level and retrieving captured knowledge can lead to confusion and frustration. Thirdly, the roles of various stakeholders are not clearly defined. Hence, the knowledge collection, compilation, usage, and representation process are vague. We provide an organizational approach to represent bio-inspired design knowledge collection, compilation, and usage and representation process using the Zachman framework. Zachman framework provides the descriptive representation of enterprise architecture, uses six primitives, and can handle complex systems. In this research, we understand and apply the Zachman framework to capture and represent bio-inspired design knowledge with an organizational viewpoint. This research aims to organize and represent captured knowledge transfer, building, and representing processes and making it readily available for designers who can use it to make design decisions.
... Tangible cultural heritage is divided into immovable heritage and movable heritage. Immovable heritage includes the historical buildings, monuments, and archeological sites [1]. ...
... The authors would like to thank the SpringerOpen Portfolio regarding waiving the charge of article processing. 1 ...
The conservation of the architectural heritage has enjoyed a long course of development over the recent decades. Conservation practice is based on the values offered by the architectural heritage resources for different individuals, groups, societies, and governments. Since there is no serious and comprehensive research on the semantic values, the present study was conducted to identify all the influential semantic values in the architectural conservation process and to determine the importance of each value based on the published literature. To this end, more than 100 scientific documents, statements, and charters were analyzed and then, 40 semantic values were identified. The snowball sampling method was used to select the papers. In this study, the qualitative content analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the architectural heritage and conservation, and the quantitative content analysis was used to assess the relationship between the semantic values and conservation. According to the results of the content analysis, it can be concluded that the conservation of architectural heritage can be investigated and analyzed at three levels: people, experts, and governments, and the holistic conservation of the architectural heritage can be achieved only by the joint cooperation among all the three levels. Also, the results showed that the cultural value, economic value, historical value, and identity greatly influence the semantic conservation of the architectural heritage.
... Various types of cultural heritage can be found worldwide including archaeological sites, documents, photographs, historical monuments, and other elements. In particular, cultural heritage can be grouped into two main categories: (i) tangible and (ii) intangible, according to UNESCO [1]. Tangible cultural heritage can further be grouped into movable and unmovable cultural heritage. ...
... Tangible cultural heritage can further be grouped into movable and unmovable cultural heritage. Movable cultural heritage involves physical objects and artifacts such as paintings, sculptures and furniture, while immovable heritage includes buildings, monuments, and archaeological sites [1]. Furthermore, intangible cultural heritage includes intellectual property such as the oral traditions, expressions, skills, knowledge, and language. ...
Image classification is one of the most important tasks in the digital era. In terms of cultural heritage, it is important to develop classification methods that obtain good accuracy, but also are less computationally intensive, as image classification usually uses very large sets of data. This study aims to train and test four classification algorithms: (i) the multilayer perceptron, (ii) averaged one dependence estimators, (iii) forest by penalizing attributes, and (iv) the k-nearest neighbor rough sets and analogy based reasoning, and compares these with the results obtained from the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Three types of features were extracted from the images: (i) the edge histogram, (ii) the color layout, and (iii) the JPEG coefficients. The algorithms were tested before and after applying the attribute selection, and the results indicated that the best classification performance was obtained for the multilayer perceptron in both cases.
... The management of information about cultural heritage is a complex process [9], methods, techniques and technology, cultural diversity, file form and format, properties, data classification and resources, database integration, accessibility, knowledge exchange, and other processes. In the [9] study, it has proposed a framework, which is named e-Cultural Heritage and Natural History (e-CHNH) in the public and non-public domains using the Zachman architecture framework [10], which is integrated into an e-CHNH portal [11]. Furthermore, the classification of the cultural heritage, according to the Indonesian Archipelago Culture Initiative (IACI) organization [12], classifies in 15 categories, i.e. ...
The Dayak tribe Borneo is divided into 405 sub-tribes which are formed based on clumps, habitats and their origins, despite being Dayak ethnic groups, but each has a wealth of cultural heritage and local wisdom that is diverse and different according to the nature they live in. This paper proposes a framework for cultural heritage management information system of The Dayak Tribe Borneo. The development method approach refers to the 5R Adaptation Framework concept; Right Time (timing), Right Location (location), Right Device (device), Right Learner (user), and The Right Contents (cultural information). The development results have provided a framework called “e-Dayaknese”, a framework that integrates information content: location, time, devices, users, and content (cultural heritage information of the Borneo Dayak tribe referring to the UNESCO cultural heritage domain).
... Heri Kurniawan and his research group are conducting another approach in managing the cultural data and metadata [18]. His research group uses the Zachman Architecture Framework to create cultural digital preservation framework called electronic Cultural Heritage and Natural History (eCHNH) framework. ...
Preservation of cultural data is a process that is not only the duty of the government, library, or museum but also needs to involve the community as the main actor of culture itself. Involvement of cultural communities in the preservation process is important because the community has the complete cultural information and is a part in the process of cultural change itself. One aspect that determines data structure in the data management system is the metadata structure. Therefore, a specific cultural metadata management system to determine the cultural data structure and its changes mechanism. Cultural metadata management can be used to determine the depth and structure of data needed in storing cultural data process. Because culture changes over the time, then the metadata should be able to evolve in facing any changes. Various experts have carried various studies related to the cultural metadata management system but do not involve cultural members and cover all cultural elements. Therefore, this paper tries to analyse several studies regarding the process of managing cultural metadata and proposes modifications to existing processes with a community-driven approach and the ability to manage holistic cultural elements.
... This makes the preservation of cultural heritage very important and shows that efforts need to be taken to ensure its sustainability for future generations. According to Kamus Dewan, preservation means maintaining, defending, and caring while another study [7] defined it as an action that preserves cultural heritage objects and historical objects. Besides that, another definition of preservation from [8] is an act or process of taking action to defend the existing form, integrity, and material of a building or structure and the protective plant of a site. ...
The advent of 3-D technology has made it applicable to various domains, one of them being to model the cultural heritage sector. The cultural heritage is the spectator of historical development and a vivacious base for historical research. The demolition of the old heritage sites is done for various reasons like improper urban planning, old buildings which have weak structures and may collapse or they may be damaged due to natural cakamities or with an intention to commercialize. Such demolition or damage will lead to limiting research on heritage sites and thus badly affecting the education sector. The 3-D technology aids in providing innovative techniques for accessing the heritage sites even if they are damaged and preserve the heritage for future generations. Developing such systems is a challenging task as we need to adapt to the new technology to blend it with 3-D modeling and also adapt to the technological changes. The authors plan to exploit the technological core of the platform using deep learning techniques to digitize a significant number of buildings and sites from the state of Gujarat and create the digital achievement as per Indian Standards. The digital archive to be created by the authors will also comprise of the contextual technical and historical information. It can be retrieved using keywords, spatial and multi-dimensional queries. This paper surveys the various machine learning and deep learning techniques used for classifying the cultural heritage sites.
