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![Fig. 1. Thermosyphon (A) and Heat pipe (B) operating principle [10].](profile/Daniel-Brough/publication/346488767/figure/fig1/AS:963772344700929@1606792641533/Thermosyphon-A-and-Heat-pipe-B-operating-principle-10_Q320.jpg)
Heat pipe heat exchangers (HPHEs) are being more frequently used in energy intensive industries as a method of low-grade waste heat recovery. Prior to the installation of a HPHE, the effect of the heat exchanger within the system requires modelling to simulate the overall impact. From this, potential savings and emission reductions can be determine...
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... each heat pipe is located between two flows at different temperatures, thus consistently having a difference in temperature (DT) between its ends. Furthermore, in counter-flow, the temperature of the hot outlet stream can be lower than the cold sink outlet stream. A counter-flow HPHE and a comparison between parallel and counter-flow is shown in Fig. 2. The component created in this paper was to replicate a counter-flow HPHE. In most applications, a HPHE is defined as a counter-flow heat exchanger as a whole, but in essence it is a combination of two crossflow heat exchangers if divided between evaporator and condenser: counter-flow due to the direction of the incoming streams and ...
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... HPHE unit that was used to validate the model was installed to recover energy from the cooling section of a ceramic continuous roller kiln used to fire tiles. Further information on this exhaust-air HPHE can be found in Ref. [63]. Fig. 23 and Fig. 24 provide the 3D drawing of the HPHE unit and the dimensions. Fig. 25 provides the detail of the separation plate between the two streams and the heat pipe arrangement. Fig. 26 shows the inlet flow rate data from the experimental HPHE. There was the inlet of the exhaust to the evaporator section and the inlet of the air to ...
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... HPHE unit that was used to validate the model was installed to recover energy from the cooling section of a ceramic continuous roller kiln used to fire tiles. Further information on this exhaust-air HPHE can be found in Ref. [63]. Fig. 23 and Fig. 24 provide the 3D drawing of the HPHE unit and the dimensions. Fig. 25 provides the detail of the separation plate between the two streams and the heat pipe arrangement. Fig. 26 shows the inlet flow rate data from the experimental HPHE. There was the inlet of the exhaust to the evaporator section and the inlet of the air to the condenser. ...
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... HPHE unit that was used to validate the model was installed to recover energy from the cooling section of a ceramic continuous roller kiln used to fire tiles. Further information on this exhaust-air HPHE can be found in Ref. [63]. Fig. 23 and Fig. 24 provide the 3D drawing of the HPHE unit and the dimensions. Fig. 25 provides the detail of the separation plate between the two streams and the heat pipe arrangement. Fig. 26 shows the inlet flow rate data from the experimental HPHE. There was the inlet of the exhaust to the evaporator section and the inlet of the air to the condenser. A data point was taken every minute. 1300 min of data were used. ...
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... energy from the cooling section of a ceramic continuous roller kiln used to fire tiles. Further information on this exhaust-air HPHE can be found in Ref. [63]. Fig. 23 and Fig. 24 provide the 3D drawing of the HPHE unit and the dimensions. Fig. 25 provides the detail of the separation plate between the two streams and the heat pipe arrangement. Fig. 26 shows the inlet flow rate data from the experimental HPHE. There was the inlet of the exhaust to the evaporator section and the inlet of the air to the condenser. A data point was taken every minute. 1300 min of data were used. Data for flow rate were measured in Nm 3 .hr À1 , which had to be converted to kg.hr À1 for the TRNSYS ...
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... inlet flow rate were 6047 and 2600 kg.hr À1 , respectively. The maximum and minimum flow rates for the exhaust were 6869 and 632 kg.hr À1 and for the air were 2644 and 2560 kg.hr À1 . These fluctuations assisted in showing that the model would adapt to fluctuating conditions. Table 5 gives further information on each Type used in the simulation. Fig. 28 shows the experimental inlet and outlet temperature data of the installed HPHE. The inlet temperatures were fed into the model and the outlet temperatures were used for comparison against the simulation to validate the component. Fig. 29 shows the graph produced in TRNSYS of the simulation inlet and outlet temperatures of the source ...
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... would adapt to fluctuating conditions. Table 5 gives further information on each Type used in the simulation. Fig. 28 shows the experimental inlet and outlet temperature data of the installed HPHE. The inlet temperatures were fed into the model and the outlet temperatures were used for comparison against the simulation to validate the component. Fig. 29 shows the graph produced in TRNSYS of the simulation inlet and outlet temperatures of the source and sink fluids for ...
Citations
... A representative two-bedroom residential building operating full-time in a natural ventilation mode is considered for thermal performance study. The assessment is carried out in TRNSYS (Ahamed et al., 2020;Brough et al., 2021;Jani et al., 2020;Mazzeo et al., 2020) for both summer and winter seasons. The study considers three different scenarios -(1) An assessment carried out using standard weather data of the Dehradun city, (2) An assessment carried out using the morphed weather data for LCZ-2, and (3) an assessment carried out using the morphed weather data for LCZ-5. ...
ABSTRACT
In urban areas, the constantly altering morphological environment
gives rise to a local thermal environment significantly different from
the climate of surrounding areas. This study uses the Local Climate
Zone (LCZ) classification system to analyse these variations in the
local thermal environment, focusing on ventilation availability
and its impact on building thermal performance. LCZs,
representing high- and medium-density building clusters, were
analysed in a boundary layer wind tunnel set-up and a parametric
analysis using RSM was done to explore the impact of urban
morphology variables on ventilation availability in the Cradle Sc-
stream tool. The ventilation data obtained from the CFD analysis
were further used to morph the standard weather file of the
representative location. Later thermal performance assessments
using the morphed weather data and the standard weather data
were carried out for a representative residential building in the
TRNSYS tool. The results show that there is considerable variation
in ventilation availability and thermal performance of built
environment across LCZs and, apart from the LCZ morphology,
variables such as Block staggering and wind incidence angle also
cause this variation. The study shows that building thermal
performance assessments might result in significant errors if the
local thermal environment is ignored.
... Permite la modelación de un sistema en un entorno gráfico, usando componentes de bibliotecas conocidos como types, compuestos internamente por una serie de ecuaciones matemáticas donde las entradas y parámetros son convertidos en valores de salidas. Las bibliotecas de TRNSYS cuentan con componentes que han sido validados por resultados experimentales, como es el caso del componente TRNSYS HPHE (Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger) utilizados en industrias de uso intensivo de energía para recuperación de calor residual de baja calidad (Brough et al.,2021). ...
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el impacto de la instalación de la tecnología de colectores solares cilindro-parabólicos en la industria azucarera del Departamento del Guairá, principal región de producción de azúcar de caña del Paraguay, en la reducción del consumo de leña proveniente de bosques nativos. Mediante el procesamiento de datos climatológicos de la ciudad de Tebicuary, obtenidos de la herramienta Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS), se ha dimensionado un campo solar a ser insertado en un proceso de hibridación al sistema de cogeneración de una planta azucarera. Con esto se pudo establecer un modelo híbrido, cuya respuesta a la irradiación solar fue simulada con el software Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS). El recurso solar del lugar es suficiente para obtener vapor saturado a ser sobrecalentado a alta presión. La implementación de la tecnología solar mediante este modelo permitiría salvar anualmente una superficie de bosques nativos de entre 42,252.58 ha a 79,223.59 ha para consumos medios y máximos de energía auxiliar, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos constituyen una referencia en términos del aprovechamiento del recurso solar con un potencial impacto positivo en el ambiente, estudios similares pueden realizarse en otras industrias y zonas del país.
... Despite the significant benefits associated with internal inserts, their application poses challenges, such as increased flow resistance, which potentially leads to higher pumping energy consumption. Additionally, the structural parameters of the inserts significantly impact the flow field, resistance, and heat transfer performance, making it imperative to study the optimal structural parameters through numerical simulation research [2][3][4][5][6]. ...
Within the realm of industrial energy conservation, the optimization of heat exchanger performance is paramount for the augmentation of energy utilization efficiency. This investigation employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to elucidate the effects of an innovative DNA-Inspired Slotted Insert (DSI) on the convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics within heat exchange tubes. The study provides a thorough analysis of fully turbulent flow (Re = 6600–17,200), examining the effects of various DSI pitches, key lengths, and geometries. The findings reveal that the DSI instigates a three-dimensional spiral flow pattern, which is accompanied by an escalation in the Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) with increasing Reynolds numbers. An inverse relationship between Nu and both pitch and key length is observed; conversely, f exhibits a direct correlation with these parameters. The study identifies an optimal configuration characterized by a pitch of 10 mm and a key length of 1.5 mm, with square keys demonstrating superior heat transfer performance relative to other geometrical configurations. This research contributes significant design and application insights for double-helical inserts, which are pivotal for the enhancement of heat exchanger efficiency.
... TRNSYS can also be used for specific heat exchangers. The use of simulation based on TRNSYS software was presented in [19]. The model results were validated through experiments. ...
... = 118.1581, the tabular value F t = F 0.05;39.4 = 5.725 [19]. Thus, the value of F repeatedly exceeds F t , which means that the model is adequate and useful for further analysis. ...
This study presents the results of an original study on the influence of selected parameters on the thermal efficiency of a vertical ground heat exchanger (VGHE) in a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system. The research objective was an analysis of the specific thermal efficiency of a vertical ground heat exchanger q, received by a U-shaped element made of plastic pipes placed in a borehole, depending on seven direct influencing factors: the ground temperature Tg; the soil thermal conductivity coefficient λg; the thermal conductivity coefficient of the well material λm; the temperature of the heating medium (glycol) Tw at the feed to the ground heat exchanger and its flow rate M; the internal diameter of the pipes of the ground heat exchanger dw; and the distances between the external walls of the pipes of the ground heat exchanger L. The analysis was carried out for the climatic conditions of the Podlasie Voivodeship (Poland). Based on the results of the computational experiment obtained using the TRNSYS numerical environment, a deterministic mathematical model of this relationship was developed, and the effects of the influence of selected factors on the specific thermal efficiency q of the vertical ground heat exchanger, received by the U-shaped element, were analysed. Based on the model, the contribution of each parameter to the efficiency of the heat exchanger was determined. It turned out that changes in the values of the factors Tg (X1), λg (X2), λm (X3), M (X5), dw (X6) and L (X7) from the lower to the upper level caused an increase in the specific efficiency q of the heat exchanger by 34.04, 7.90, 15.20, 55.42, 6.58 and 24.26%. Only factor Tw (X4), with such a change, caused a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the tested heat exchanger by 44.22%. The parameters of the tested element of the geothermal heating system were also optimized according to the energy criterion using a numerical method in the Matlab environment. The information may be useful for scientists, designers, producers and consumers of heating systems based on heat pumps with a vertical ground heat exchanger as the lower heat source.
... Different angles of HPHE and gravity effect have been conducted through experimental exams to calculate the performance of the HPHE by Ramkumar et al. 9 To select the best, the concentric heat exchanger is filled with different working fluids. On the theoretical side, Brough et al. 10 have introduced a transient TRNSYS WHPHE component. This component is constructed using the effectiveness-number of transfer units (ɛ-NTU) method and has been rigorously validated against experimental outcomes. ...
The thermosyphon heat exchanger contributes significantly to the improvement of energy conservation technology and has been used in multiple applications, raising the possibility of further studies to contribute to increasing the efficiency of heat pipes. This experimental study examines the different filling ratios of pure Acetone liquid inside a WHPHE integrated with the double‐effect of evaporative cooling to improve the energy‐saving technology. This work studies changing the filling ratio of pure acetone working fluid to investigate the effect of the filling ratio on heat exchanger performance in waste energy recovery technology. The heat exchanger was used with four rows and five tubes per row arranged in a staggered manner. The filling ratio of acetone inside the heat pipe was changed from 50% to 100%. The effect of the mass flow rate of air flowing in direct evaporative cooling on energy conservation technology was studied while the mass flow rate of air through indirect cooling remains constant in addition to the effect of ambient temperature. The results showed that the best filling percentage was between 80% at different temperatures, and the highest energy recovery percentage was when it was at the filling percentage of 80% in the presence of evaporative cooling.
... The gravity heat exchanger employs the buoyancy effect to facilitate heat transfer, unlike conventional forced-convection HEX (shell and tube, plate-fin) that rely on pumps or fans [7][8][9]. This form of heat exchanger allows exhaust to flow freely without impediment, sustaining heat exchange efficiency [10]. Gravity-assisted heat exchangers have been studied for waste heat recovery due to this advantage. ...
... These materials are used in heat exchangers, concentrated solar power (CSP) system components, and other vital infrastructure supporting renewable energy sources [21]. Metal alloys are perfect for 3D printing intricate, custom-designed components that withstand the harsh conditions of renewable energy systems because of their superior thermal conductivity, high strength, and corrosion resistance [22]. The advancements in 3D printing in the renewable energy sector are primarily attributed to ceramic materials, which are recognized for their thermal stability and resistance to high temperatures [23]. ...
... This research highlights the significance of both fluid selection and the operating angle in optimizing the performance of concentric tube heat exchangers. Brough et al. [9] developed a transient thermosiphon High-Performance Heat Exchanger (HPHE) component within the TRNSYS framework, employing the Effectiveness-Number of Transfer Units (ε-NTU) method. They conducted validation by comparing the model's predictions of outlet temperatures and energy recovery with experimental data. ...
... Diverse strategies have been employed to address global warming, including the utilization of cutting-edge energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells [3], the implementation of waste heat recovery, the reduction of fuel consumption, and the mitigation of the release of harmful gases [4][5][6]. Additionally, harnessing renewable energy sources has been explored to enhance the efficiency of current operations [7][8][9][10][11]. ...
Thermal energy storage (TES) plays a pivotal role in a wide array of energy systems, offering a highly effective means to harness renewable energy sources, trim energy consumption and costs, reduce environmental impact, and bolster the adaptability and dependability of power grids. Concurrently, artificial intelligence (AI) has risen in prominence for optimizing and fine-tuning TES systems. Various AI techniques, such as particle swarm optimization, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems, have been extensively explored in the realm of energy storage. This study provides a comprehensive overview of how AI, across diverse applications, categorizes, and optimizes energy systems. The study critically evaluates the effectiveness of these AI technologies, highlighting their impressive accuracy in achieving a range of objectives. Through a thorough analysis, the paper also offers valuable recommendations and outlines future research directions, aiming to inspire innovative concepts and advancements in leveraging AI for TESS. By bridging the gap between TES and AI techniques, this study contributes significantly to the progress of energy systems, enhancing their efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. The insights gleaned from this research will be invaluable for researchers, engineers, and policymakers, aiding them in making well-informed decisions regarding the design, operation, and management of energy systems integrated with TES.
... TRNSYS software is used to estimate the seasonal storage tank volume, optimize the system design, and achieve a seasonal combined solar fraction of at least 39 % (Antoniadis and Martinopoulos, 2019). To improve the overall performance of heat exchangers in energy-efficient buildings, a low-level waste heat recovery method is studied with TRNSYS software (Brough et al., 2021). Heat gains/losses on the energy demand of a three-zone building are focused on year-round analysis in TRNSYS. ...
