Figure - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Cost of covering the gap between fishing income and the USD 1.90 and Minimum Living Wage poverty line incomes (millions real 2016 USD) per year
Source publication
Eradicating poverty and harmful fisheries subsidies are two pressing challenges frequently addressed in international agendas for sustainable development. Here we investigate a potential solution for addressing both challenges simultaneously by asking the hypothetical question: to what extent can harmful fisheries subsidies provided by a country fi...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... contrast to the USD 1.90 PLI, the largest poverty gap occurred in lower and upper-middle income countries; this gap (average of USD 1.6/person/day) was about 77% higher than that of the low income country group ( Table 1). Table 2), the estimated 6.98 million fishers across all the 30 assessed countries represented 33.20 million fishing household members supported by fishing income. The number of fishers potentially living below the USD 1.90 and MLW poverty lines were 6.96 million and 6.63 million, respectively. ...Context 2
... estimated cost of covering the USD 1.90 PLI gap for fishers was USD 2.65 billion per year (Table 2). Bangladesh, Sierra Leone, Congo Democratic Republic, Cambodia, and Myanmar were among the top 5 countries with the highest estimated total annual cost for all fishers to attain the USD 1.90 PLI. ...Context 3
... total estimated cost for closing the national MLW gap for fishers was slightly lower at USD 2.24 billion per year, with Myanmar, Congo Democratic Republic, and Guinea-Bissau having the highest costs (SI Table 6). Across country income groups, lower middle income countries incurred the highest cost for meeting both PLIs for fishers (Table 2). ...Context 4
... npj Ocean Sustainability | (2024) 3:14time of this study was a global study of fishers' income by 48 , from which we obtained data for 7 out of the 30 countries (SI Table 2). The second source was 66 , which provided estimates of fishers' income for 9 West African countries. ...Context 5
... second source was 66 , which provided estimates of fishers' income for 9 West African countries. For the remaining 14 countries, we obtained fishers' income data through desk-based research (SI Table 2). We searched the databases of international and regional institutions (e.g., International Labour Organisation, FAO), online repositories such as Mendeley, and primary and secondary literature. ...Context 6
... size data was taken either from the United Nations database on household size and composition for the most recent available year 71 , or from case studies of fishing households. For West African countries where fishers' income data are based on 66 , we followed the authors in using an average household size of 6 (SI Table 2). ...Similar publications
The poverty reduction has been the significant factor for the success of the country and also included this factor in the sustainable development goals and this aspect needs the Autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) model to check the nexus among the variables. The outcomes indicated that the FDI, ED, employment and industrialization have a negati...
Citations
... Fishermen are among the most commonly associated groups with poverty [9][29] [30][32] [35] [36]. Poverty among coastal fishermen has been widely studied by many previous researchers. ...
... Tropical shers are experiencing wide-scale poverty that is not easily recti ed by existing management (Giron-Nava et al. 2021; Teh et al. 2024). Coral reefs are productive and species diverse but still widely over shed and yet the allowable ranges for sustainable catch is poorly known (Nash and Graham 2016;McClanahan 2022). ...
... Further, the outcome of a welfare approach and underestimating catch and overestimating yield potential has promoted the common policies to increase subsidies, employment, and shing effort. The outcome appears, however, to be associated with widespread and persistent poverty in tropical sheries nations (Giron-Nava et al. 2021; Teh et al. 2024). Therefore, resolving these many fundamental sheries science issues of variability in production, effort, yield, income and their tradeoffs is required to make more informed management recommendations. ...
... This was evident in both fringing and island reef landing data as the variation in effort matched the differences in ecological productivity. This sher resilience and retention dynamic is likely pervassive in tropical countries and even more pronounced than found here for Kenyan reef sheries (Teh et al. 2024 tons/km 2 /year at an effort of 2.5 ± 2.0 shers/km 2 /day for a biomass of 13 tons/km 2 . The effort, CPUA, and MSY have therefore been declining for over 30 years. ...
Variability in fish production among fringing and island reef systems was explored for the influences of effort-stock-catch-revenue relationships and sustainability. Fisheries independent fishable biomass, recovery rates, taxonomic composition, and fisheries dependent metrics of effort, catch rates, and revenue were analyzed in an ocean exposed fringing reef (high production) and an ocean sheltered island reef environments (low production). Recovery rates of fish biomass in closures and catch rates supported the differential production predictions with the fringing reef fish biomass production rate r of 0.22 ± 0.12 (± 95%CI) and the island reefs of 0.07 ± 0.03, which potentially produces 5.6 ± 0.91 and 2.8 ± 0.3 tons/km ² /y at MSY respectively. Both reef types had high effort and yields below MSY indicating overfishing by fisheries independent and dependent metrics. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that production and sustainability were bounded by minimum acceptable or opportunity cost income thresholds rather than the reef’s natural productivity. For example, the higher production fringing reefs had lower biomass, exhibited higher production/biomass (P/B) turnover rates, and faster declining per area yields than the lower production island reefs. Fishing effort declined over the ~ 34-month study period to stabilize Catch-per-Unit Effort (CPUE) in both reef types to income values between the national poverty and minimum individual income thresholds. The more productive fringing reefs had a greater yield deficit than the sheltered reefs and would require a larger reduction in daily fishing effort (40% versus 15%) to achieve sustainability at censused stock levels. The less productive island reefs had considerable disproportionate losses of key vulnerable schooling taxa that resulted in a 25% yield deficit relative to the predicted potential yield. Protecting fish aggregations in the island and reducing fishing effort in both reef systems should increase catch production and wealth. Stock recovery that is required to recover production is likely prevented by rising fish prices and resource extraction subsidies that reduce income losses.
... Contrary, in some other instances, the removal of subsidies in one country can have telecoupled benefits. For example, a removal of subsidies for distant water fishing fleets could improve food and nutrition security in low-income countries reliant on fishing for food and nutrition security (Tickler et al. 2018;Skerritt et al. 2023;Sumaila et al. 2024;Sumaila 2024;Teh et al. 2024). A baseline account of the costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline would allow to monitor such multiple and full impacts and trade-offs. ...
Economic sectors that drive nature decline are heavily subsidized and produce large environmental externalities, for which calls are increasing to reform or eliminate subsidies and internalize the environmental costs of these sectors. We compile data on subsidies and externalities across six key sectors linked to biodiversity loss— agriculture, fossil fuels, forestry, infrastructure, fisheries and aquaculture, and mining. The most updated estimates suggest that subsidies to these sectors total between US 3.2 trillion annually, while environmental externalities range between US 22.6 trillion annually. Moreover, data gaps suggest that these figures underestimate the global magnitude of subsidies and externalities. We discuss the need and opportunities of building a baseline counting the costs of subsidies and externalities of economic activities driving nature decline. A better understanding of the complexity, size, design, and effects of subsidies and externalities of economic sectors contributing to environmental degradation could facilitate and expedite discussions to strengthen multilateral rules.
... This tax is based on the carbon emissions incurred during the manufacturing process. 8 CBAM is implemented in two stages: during the transition period (01 October 2023 -31 December 2025), countries only need to fulfill the obligation to report the emission content of imports before paying taxes. 9 The operation period starts from 01 January 2026. ...
In recent years, economic cooperation between the European Union (EU) and Vietnam has played a crucial role in shaping Vietnam’s path toward sustainable development, particularly through trade agreements and environmental commitments. However, the environmental impact of this cooperation remains under debate. This paper investigates whether economic ties with the EU lead to greener development in Vietnam. Particular attention is paid to the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) and recent EU policies like the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and fisheries control system. While the research suggests that EU cooperation has contributed to a greener trajectory for Vietnam’s development, challenges are also explored.
... Com relação ao preço médio de pescados processados variou entre os hipermercado, tais como Comper e o Atacadão, ambos tiveram a maior médiaFigura 1. Preço médio dos valores de pescado processados por hipermercados na cidade de Dourados, MS durante a Semana Santa do ano de 2024. VETTORAZZI, M. B.; MARQUES, A. G.; MARQUES, R. C. G.; ALBUQUERQUER, A. M. VARIAÇÃO DE PREÇOS E DISPONIBILIDADE DE PESCADOS DURANTE A SEMANA SANTA EM DOURADOS, MATO GROSSO DO SUL: UMA AÇÃO DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA.Essa variação nos preços pode dificultar para pessoas com renda mais baixa comprar peixes processados, o que pode afetar negativamente sua capacidade de ter uma alimentação saudável(TEH et al., 2024). Isso é preocupante porque os peixes são uma importante fonte de proteína(VALENTI et al., 2021). ...
O processamento de pescados pode agregar valor, oferecendo um produto essencial para consumo humano, especialmente na Semana Santa no Brasil. Com isso, investigamos a variação de preços de pescados processados em hipermercados da cidade de Dourados, MS. Foram coletadas variáveis como marca, preço, peso, tipo de produto e mercado para análise de operações aritméticas e visualização gráfica utilizando o software RStudio. Fatores como localização e custos podem influenciar essas variações. Ademais, os produtos exóticos, como linguiça de jacaré e ovas de peixe, têm preços mais altos, enquanto empanados predominam. Marcas de pescado beneficiadas e processadas em outras regiões do Sul foram as mais acessíveis economicamentes, enquanto as marcas da região Centro-Oeste apresentam preços mais elevados. Esses variação em relação ao preço podem estar relacionados com a qualidade e no valor percebido pelo consumidor. Logo, verificamos que há uma variação de preços de pescados nos mercados, mas este pode ser influenciado devido a datas especiais, localização e a qualidade do produto.
... 43 In fact, almost 90% of the USD 540 billion in global farm subsidies are harmful-redirecting these huge subsidies could potentially benefit initiatives for ending poverty, eradicating hunger, and restoring nature while improving the livelihoods of 50 million smallholder farmers worldwide. 44 With regards to fisheries subsidies, Teh et al. 45 report that the estimated harmful subsidies in Sumaila et al. 46 for 30 low-income countries could cover up to 80% of the current gap in poverty line income for the fishers in these countries. Similarly, the IMF 47 reports that USD 7 trillion was provided to the fossil fuel sector globally in 2022, and they project that this number would increase to USD 8 trillion in 2030 or about 8% of global GDP. ...
... Given these pieces of evidence, we conservatively assume that the MPCs for people living below the poverty line are 10% higher than the MPC for the total population. 45 Several caveats to our methodology merit consideration. Firstly, one might question the usefulness of a 2-year time horizon. ...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic of 2020 was a reminder of society’s vulnerability in the face of natural upheavals, leading to widespread unemployment and increased poverty. Simultaneously, human activities have precipitated large-scale environmental degradation and catastrophic climate change. Here, we conduct a global-scale, 186-country analysis examining the potential impact of basic income (BI) as a two-pronged solution to both sustainability and social resilience. We reveal BI’s potential to bolster economies, particularly in times of crisis. To lower the huge barrier imposed by implementation costs, we suggest a diverse array of strategies aimed at financing BI, strategically designed to concurrently alleviate economic insecurity while fostering nature conservation. We suggest that BI implementation is feasible and could be a potent tool in addressing the twin challenges of decreasing worldwide poverty while reducing environmental degradation—a nexus that arguably constitutes the paramount global challenge of our times.
... In developing nations, where high rates of urbanization and encroachment have increased hunger, malnourishment, and food insecurity (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP & WHO, 2023;Hussain & Lunven, 1987), fish are a resource that plays a vital role in mitigating these burning issues. Global fisheries employment is unevenly distributed, with very high fisher involvement in developing nations (Teh & Sumaila, 2013). In developing nations, fisheries are smallscale, labor-intensive, and carried out individually or by families (Andrew et al., 2007). ...
Transboundary freshwater fish are critical for both biodiversity and community well-being but face alarming overexploitation in shared rivers. Such rivers greatly aid the livelihood and nutrition of local people on both sides of shared borders. However, a lack of understanding of resource dynamics and utilization patterns hinders sustainable management of resources. We investigated spatiotemporal fish assemblages along the River Atrai, a transboundary river between India and Bangladesh. The socioeconomic status of fishers was quantified from personal interviews and group discussions to estimate the exploitation trajectory of piscine resources. Fish assemblages varied significantly among locations and seasons. Species diversity was highest downstream and lowest upstream. Spatiotemporal fishery exploitation aligned with fish diversity among sites and seasons, with fishers preferring to fish in downstream areas during the post-monsoon season. Fishers were economically weak, with limited sources of income. Therefore, adequate integrated management plans should be implemented to ensure resource resilience in a transboundary pocket, sustainably supporting the livelihood of concomitant fishers.
This review examines the current state of the supply chain management for Dicentrarchus labrax (sea bass) and Sparus aurata (sea bream), two key commercial fish species in the Mediterranean. It provides a comprehensive analysis of sustainable innovations in aquaculture, processing, and packaging, with particular attention to circular economy-based biopreservation techniques. A major focus is on the Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system, an advanced farming approach that enhances sustainability, promotes circular resource utilization, and improves fish welfare. By fostering ecological balance through the co-cultivation of multiple species, IMTA contributes to the overall quality of fish products for human consumption. Beyond aquaculture, the review addresses the critical challenge of food loss, which stems from the high perishability of fish during storage and processing. In this regard, it highlights recent advancements in biopreservation strategies, including the application of antagonistic microorganisms, their metabolites, and plant-derived extracts. Particular attention is given to the development of edible antimicrobial films, with a focus on the valorization of citrus processing by-products for their production. By centering on innovations specific to the Mediterranean context, this review underscores that a holistic, integrative approach to supply chain management is essential for transitioning the aquaculture sector toward greater efficiency and sustainability.
