Figure 1 - uploaded by Erik Peper
Content may be subject to copyright.
Correlation between increase in celiac disease (gluten intolerance) and increase in use of the herbicide glyphosate (Roundup ® ) on genetically modified grain (Samsel &Seneff, 2013). 

Correlation between increase in celiac disease (gluten intolerance) and increase in use of the herbicide glyphosate (Roundup ® ) on genetically modified grain (Samsel &Seneff, 2013). 

Source publication
Article
Full-text available
Over the last 30 years autism, allergies, Type 2 diabetes, and autoimmune disorders have significantly increased. A possible contributing risk fact is the ingestion of residual herbicides and pesticides in foods in our diet. Presently, more than 95% of all grain, corn, and soy aregenetically modified to be tolerant to Monsanto-produced herbicide Ro...

Context in source publication

Context 1
... autoimmune illnesses, and Type 2 diabetes have become so common that we forget that they may be markers of immune incompetence that may affect the ability of the body to optimize health. The increase in allergies is an early indicator that something harmful is affecting the body. People who have allergies, autoimmune illnesses, diabetes, or other disorders are possibly the “canaries in the mine” for the rest of the population. In earlier times before carbon monoxide and other poisonous gases could be measured with instruments, miners used a canary as a poisonous gas meter. If the canary died, the miners would exit the mine before they would die of the poisonous gases. There are many factors that contribute to the radical increase in asthma, rhinitis, allergies, Type 2 diabetes, and autoimmune disorders such as excessive hygiene; lack of breast feeding and introducing foreign foods too early in the first year of a baby’s life; ingestion of acetaminophen (Tylenol) by a pregnant mother during the first year of a baby's life; low Omega-3 levels during pregnancy; increased exposure to plastics and other endocrine disruptors; stress, etc. Many of these factors are outside of our control. However, diet and the ingestion of residual herbicides and pesticides in food appear to be a major risk factor. In the last 30 years there has been a radical change in our diet. The food may look and even taste the same, but it is totally different. Almost all grains, corn, soy, cotton, processed foods, and meats contain low levels of Monsanto-produced herbicide Roundup ® and other herbicides and pesticides, and are genetically modified to be herbicide tolerant to Roundup ® . Roundup ® was first introduced in 1974 by Monsanto and is the most widely used herbicide for farm and urban use. The active ingredient is glyphosate with numerous other inert ingredients. The inert ingredients may not inhibit the growth of weeds; however, they may be harmful to humans. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, as of 2012, 99% of durum wheat and 97% of spring wheat have been treated with herbicides as more and more crops are genetically modified to be herbicide tolerant. It is now used on grain crops, rice, seeds, alfalfa, dried beans, peas, sugar cane, and sweet potatoes (Swanson et al., 2014). As Roundup ® and equivalent herbicides are used, more and more illnesses—including food allergies such as gluten intolerance—have increased as shown in Figure 1. In addition, the common wheat harvest protocol in the United States is to drench the wheat fields with Roundup ® several days to allow crops to dry down for a uniformity of plant material at harvest before the combine harvesters work through the fields, as the practice allows for an earlier, easier, and bigger In the USA glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide, with about 250 million pounds applied to U.S. farms and even lawns every year. Glyphosate and many other herbicides and pesticides are in our food, animal fodder, and thus in the meat, clothing, water supply, and even air. Almost all human and animal food now contains low levels of glyphosate and its inert but poisonous additional ingredients. When plotting the increased application of glyphosate with the occurrence of chronic diseases harvest (Sarah, 2014; Swanson et al., 2014). This means that almost all of the grain and grain products contain residue of Roundup ® . Presently, more than 95% of all grain, corn, and soy are genetically modified to be herbicide tolerant to Roundup ® as shown in Figure 2. over the last 35 years, Swanson et al. (2014) showed that the correlation is greater than 0.9 and highly significant for obesity ( R = 0.96), diabetes ( R = 0.98), end stage renal disease death ( R = 0.97), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis ( R = 0.94), death due to intestinal infection ( R = 0.97), autism in children (6–21 years; R = 0.99), deaths from senile dementia ( R = 0.99), and death from Alzheimer’s ( R = 0.93). Figures 3 and 4 shows the correlation of diabetes and autism and increased application of ...

Citations

... Glyphosate is released into the environment mostly due to reckless mixing, application, and cleaning of sprayers [3]; resulting in contaminated food and water that serve as the main routes of uptake in humans [4]. Glyphosate exposure may contribute to the development of a wide variety of chronic diseases such as developmental disorders (autism), allergies, gastrointestinal diseases, endocrine dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer and infertility [5][6][7][8]. Paraquat (1, 1 dimethyl-4, 4 -bipyridium dichloride) is a non-selective contact bipyridilium herbicide in frequent use since the 1980s [9]. Farmers are often exposed by occupational, homicidal, or accidental exposure [10][11][12][13][14]. Paraquat may enter the human body through various routes such as oral, nasal, ocular and dermal routes [15][16][17][18]. ...
Article
Full-text available
Extensive use of herbicides is common among rural agricultural workers in Sri Lanka. Recent studies have postulated their role in the development of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu). Paraquat and glyphosate are leading herbicides used by sugarcane farmers (SF), hence occupational exposure is inevitable. This study examined the expression of urinary paraquat, glyphosate and biomarkers among residential SF in CKDu emerging regions, Warunagama (WA) and Rahathangama (RH), in the Uva Province with non-endemic Matara (MA) in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka. Urinary glyphosate, Paraquat, Kidney injury molecule -1 (KIM-I), Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) andβ2-microglobulin (B2M) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Urinary creatinine, microalbumin, serum creatinine (SCr), serum cystatin C, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were also assessed. Generally, herbicide residues and kidney injury biomarkers were higher in SF compared to the non-endemic MA. Creatinine-adjusted urinary glyphosate and paraquat levels were significantly higher in WA compared to MA. ACR in RH (median 14.9; IQR 5.4–393.1 mg/g) and WA (23.7; 11.5–64.6) was significantly higher than MA (4.3; 2.2–6.7). This study reports 39 individuals with impaired kidney function among SF in Sri Lanka for the first time. Urinary NGAL levels were significantly higher in both WA (median 2.14; IQR 1.28–6.15 ng/mg Cr) and RH (3.09; 1.15–9.09) compared to MA (1.28; 0.56–2.81). However, urinary KIM-I levels in RH (3.2; 1.29–106.1 ng/g Cr) and WA (3.6; 1.94–115.1) were not significantly higher in MA (1.74; 0.76–116.9). Urinary NGAL (r = 0.493), eGFR (r = −0.147) and ACR (r = 0.171) significantly correlated with urinary glyphosate, but not with urinary paraquat levels. Urinary KIM-1 levels did not correlate with either urinary glyphosate or paraquat, while urinary B2M and serum cystatin C levels showed significant correlation with urinary glyphosate levels. The current study reports higher urinary herbicide levels among sugarcane farmers in WA and RH, and that is potentially linked to the subsequent decline in kidney function, as indicated by ACR, eGFR, and NGAL. We posit that these indicators may serve as markers to detect renal injury among herbicide-exposed SF in Rural Sri Lanka.