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![Correlates of sufficient physical activity level at follow-up (results are presented as Odds Ratio [OR]± 95% Cofidence Interval [CI]; dotted line presents OR of 1 Odds Ratio and statistical significance of p < 0.005 if not crossed by 95% CI bar).](profile/Ivan-Kvesic-2/publication/346594113/figure/fig4/AS:964634374856708@1606998165522/Correlates-of-sufficient-physical-activity-level-at-follow-up-results-are-presented-as.png)
Correlates of sufficient physical activity level at follow-up (results are presented as Odds Ratio [OR]± 95% Cofidence Interval [CI]; dotted line presents OR of 1 Odds Ratio and statistical significance of p < 0.005 if not crossed by 95% CI bar).
Source publication
Parental/familial factors are important determinants of the physical activity level (PAL) in children and adolescents, but studies rarely prospectively evaluate their relationships. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in physical activity levels among adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina over a two-year period and to determine parental/fami...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... 3 and 4 present univariate relationships between baseline sociodemographic and parental/familial factor, and dichotomized PAL criteria at baseline (Figure 3) and at follow-up (Figure 4). At baseline, the higher likelihood for appropriate PAL was found in males (Negelkerke R square: 0.02; OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.21-2.34; ...
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Background
Adolescent multiple risk behaviour (MRB) is associated with negative outcomes such as police arrests, unemployment and premature mortality and morbidity. What is unknown is whether MRB is associated with socioeconomic status (SES) in adulthood. We test whether adolescent MRB is associated with socioeconomic status (SES) in young adulthoo...
Citations
... This questionnaire asks participants to recall their activity levels over the past seven days across various settings, such as school and free time [26]. The PAQ-A has demonstrated good reliability and validity in numerous studies, making it a practical choice for researchers [26,27,28]. Alcohol consumption was measured via the AUDIT questionnaire, which contains 10 items with scores ranging from 0 to 4 for a hypothetical minimum (0) to maximum (40) range [29,30]. ...
Introduction. Sports are frequently investigated in relation to alcohol consumption habits in adolescence, but few studies have reported various competitive- and recreational-sport factors as correlates of harmful alcohol consumption in youth. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify possible associations that may exist between sports factors and harmful drinking in adolescents, emphasizing the specific influence of participation in competitive and recreational sports.
Material and Methods. The participants were 650 adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina (16-17 years of age, 313 females) who were tested for sociodemographic factors, competitive-sport factors, recreational-sport factors, physical activity levels (PALs), and outcome-alcohol drinking (obtained by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – AUDIT). For the purpose of statistical analyses, the obtained AUDIT score was dichotomized (non-harmful vs. harmful drinking).
Results. Harmful drinking was more common in males than in females (χ2 = 47.01, p < 0.001), and those adolescents who reported better competitive success in sports (χ2 = 41.81, p < 0.001). The PAL was greater in those males who did not report harmful drinking (t-test = 2.45, p < 0.05), with no significant difference in females or in the total sample. Logistic regressions were performed with sex as a confounding factor and revealed that competitive success in sports was significantly correlated with harmful drinking (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02-1.66, p < 0.05).
Conclusions. This study highlighted the specific association between competitive sports success and harmful drinking in adolescents, indicating the need for a more detailed analysis of the background of the established association. Further analyses on the potential association between PAL and substance misuse in youth are warranted.
... However, it is concerning that over 80% of adolescents do not achieve the recommended levels of physical activity globally [1]. Driven by recognition of the importance of physical activity for health and well-being [2][3][4], as well as the alarming prevalence of insufficient PA levels among adolescents [5][6][7], researchers have employed psychological theories and models to explain the underlying psychological and behavioral processes that drive individuals' engagement in PA [8][9][10][11]. The self-determination theory (SDT) [12,13] and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) [14] are two different psychological frameworks that are commonly used in the prediction [11,15,16] and promotion [17,18] of PA behaviors. ...
... The factorial validity of the measurement model, as shown in our confirmatory factor analysis, was excellent (χ 2 In support of H1, autonomous motivation at T1 was positively and significantly associated with attitude (R 2 = 0.160), subjective norms (R 2 = 0.160), and PBC (R 2 = 0.173) at T2 (β = 0.395-0.414, p < 0.001). ...
A three-wave prospective study was conducted to provide a better understanding of the ability of the integrated model of self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict future physical activity (PA) engagement among adolescents. Nearly 2500 secondary school students from China were recruited to test the hypothesized pathway from autonomous motivation from SDT at baseline (T1) through the constructs of TPB one month later (T2) on leisure-time PA levels of secondary school students three months later (T3). The findings revealed that the structural equation models yielded excellent fit indices with χ2 = 1858.989, df = 257, CFI = 0.936, TLI = 0.926, RMSEA = 0.050 [90% CI = 0.048 to 0.052], and SRMR = 0.032. In particular, autonomous motivation at T1 was positively associated with attitude (R2 = 0.160), subjective norms (R2 = 0.160), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) (R2 = 0.173) at T2 (β = 0.395 to 0.414, p < 0.001) and subsequently associated with intention at T2 (R2 = 0.875, β = 0.112 to 0.478, p < 0.001). T2 intention was positively associated with leisure-time PA levels (R2 = 0.004) at T3. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the motivational mechanisms and social cognition processes involved in predicting adolescents’ leisure-time PA levels among adolescents.
... The other study by Maric et al. (2020) also found the same results that parental education was the most affected factor toward physical activity behavior in early adolescence, this study shows first OR was 1.38 and the final OR was 1.35. This study assumed that parents as one of the role models and sources that facilitate the adolescents to be involved in sports organizations actively either in school or in out of school. ...
Physical activity is any movement that requires energy expenditure by the body’s skeleton and muscles. Lack of physical activity can increase the risk of obesity which has the potential of negative impacts on the physical and psychological health of adolescents. It can also increase the incidence of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This study was conducted to determine the factors that affected the physical activity of adolescents at risk of obesity in rural Aceh. A cross-sectional study was conducted at two senior high schools in rural Aceh. There were 134 respondents were taken by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a demographic data questionnaire, The Adolescents Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ), the Social Support for Exercise Scale and the Physical Activity Questionnaire-Adolescents (PAQ-A). The analysis was carried out using Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression test. The results showed that parental education (p=0.025; OR=7.142) was the most affected factor toward physical activity in adolescents with a risk of obesity. It is suggested that local schools to increase the involvements of adolescents at risk of obesity in school extracurricular programs and collaborate with the public health centre to provide health education for parents of adolescents about the importance of physical activity for adolescent’s health.
... Free-play (i.e., participation in nonstructured activities) is a significant source of PA in preadolescence (Rajkovic Vuletic et al., 2024). Additionally, in the region where this study was conducted, boys are regularly involved in physically demanding nonstructured activities, while girls participate in physically less demanding games (Maric et al., 2020). Moreover, although it is an important source of PA, participation in nonstructured physically demanding activities is not as strongly associated with PL, as is the case for structured activities (PE and organized sport participation), where PL is specifically accentuated and developed (Sunda et al., 2022). ...
Physical literacy (PL) is considered an important determinant of physical activity level (PAL), but studies have rarely examined the associations between PL and PAL in preadolescents. This study aimed to evaluate associatios between PL, PAL and sedentary behavior (SB) in preadolescents from southeastern Europe. The participants were 9- to 11-year-old children from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (n=333, 52% girls) who were tested for PL, PAL and SB. The PLAYself questionnaire was used for the evaluation of PL, while PAL was estimated by data provided throughout the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Pearson’s correlations and multiple regressions were calculated to identify the associations between study variables. The results revealed a significant correlation between PL and PAL in the total sample (16% of the common variance) among boys (10% of the common variance) and girls (25% of the common variance), which was additionally confirmed by multiple regression calculated between the PL subdomains and PAL (R2=0.23, 0.15, and 0.31 for total sample, boys and girls, respectively). The SB was not significantly correlated with PL (<2% of the common variance; p>0.05) or with PAL (<1% of the common variance; p>0.05). The results indicated a stronger association between PL and PAL in girls than in boys, indicating the possible influence of the types of physically demanding activities children are involved in on the studied associations. To explore causality more specifically, intervention studies are warranted.
... Namely, previous studies where authors evidenced a correlation between HL and PAL examined younger subjects than we did herein (8-15 and 16-18 years of age, respectively) [59,60]. Meanwhile, it is well documented that PAL decreases after the age of 14 years, mostly due to drop-outs from sports [61,62]. Therefore, it is possible that these relationships, which are evidenced in childhood and younger adolescence (i.e., higher PAL in those with better HL), are not characteristic for older adolescence simply because the HL logically increases (as a result of schooling and education), while PAL unfortunately decreases (as a result of various factors, mostly quitting sports). ...
Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular health status (CVHS) is an important determinant of health, while it is theorized that health literacy (HL) and physical literacy (PL) could be directly related to CVHS. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender-specific associations between PL and HL and indices of CVHS in adolescence. Materials and Methods: The participants were 247 adolescents (177 females) from Split-Dalmatia county in Croatia who were tested on HL, PL, and CVHS (physical activity level (PAL) and lipid profile). The lipid profile included total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins. Gender-stratified multivariate cluster analysis (K-means clustering) was used to group participants into three homogenous groups on the basis of their HL and PL, while differences between clusters in CVHS were evidenced by analysis of the variance and consecutive post-hoc tests. Results: The lipid profile was better in girls with higher HL scores. Additionally, clusters consisting of participants with a better PL were characterized by higher PAL. We have found no evidence that HL is associated with PAL, while PL was not associated with the lipid profile. Conclusions: HL was specifically associated with direct indicators of health status (lipid profile) in girls, while PL was associated with PAL as a particular behavioral health indicator in both genders. The study highlights the necessity of including education of HL and PL in schools.
... Indeed, health-risk clusters were associated with low maternal education as was previously observed in the literature on younger and older adolescents [6,13,20,23]. It would expect that parents with a higher level of education are generally better informed and are more aware of the importance of PA on the health status of their children and adolescents [38]. Then, better-educated parents more likely to encourage their children to engage in some form of sports or PA. ...
Background
Clusters’ behaviors can change with age, moving from adolescence to adulthood.AimsThis study examined physical activity (PA), diet, and sedentary behavior (SB) clusters according to age groups (11–12, 13–15, 16–17, and 18–19 years) and its association with sex and maternal education.Methods
Brazilian National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2015) (n = 16,522) data were analysed. Adolescents responded PA; consumption of fruits, vegetables; snacks, salt, and beverages (SSB); and SB. Two-step cluster analysis and Rao-Scott Chi square test were used.ResultsThe Actives; the All-day sitters; the Inactive 1 (with moderate consumption of F&V); and the Inactive 2 (with small consumption of F&V and SSB) clusters were identified. The Actives and All-day sitters existed in all age groups. The Inactive 1 were the cluster more prevalent in 11–12 (33.9%), 13–15 (42.5%) and 16–17 (43.8%) age groups while, All-day sitters were most prevalent in 18–19 (43.7%) age group. Boys were more likely to be in the Actives; as against girls in All-day sitters, Inactive 1 and 2 clusters. The Actives had a higher proportion of adolescents with low maternal education.ConclusionsSB increase in clusters over the increase of age group; else, adolescents in Actives groups decreased.
... The out-of-school period offers additional opportunities for family-based PA. Parents can serve as role models through their parenting practices (Maric et al., 2020), sources of support, and gatekeepers through their control over children's opportunities for PA (Lindsay et al., 2006;Mitchell et al., 2012). Xu et al. (2015) found that there was a positive association between parental encouragement and support with children's PA. ...
In Northern Ireland (NI), many children do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity (PA). To reduce the prevalence of physical inactivity and associated health conditions, it is important to understand the influences on children's PA, which in turn has the potential to inform future intervention design. The purpose of this formative study was to examine the current views, barriers, facilitators, experiences, and perceptions of children in relation to PA in the classroom, school, and home environments, and to assess the acceptability of components for a school-based intervention. Write and draw tasks and semi-structured focus groups (n = 10) were conducted with 50 children aged 7–9 years (22 boys, 28 girls) from six primary schools. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. Pen profiles were constructed from the transcripts in a deductive manner and represent key emergent themes. Results indicated that children's perception and knowledge of PA was mainly structured and sport-based, while some referred to fun, play and health. Fun, social support and outdoor activity were identified as key facilitators. Barriers included parental restrictions, lack of time and space in the different environments. The acceptability of intervention components was examined, children recognized the potential benefits of additional movement in the classroom, but opinions differed on the sit-to-stand desks. Findings contribute to a more detailed understanding of children's perceptions of context specific PA, the barriers they face, in addition to factors that support them to lead a physically active lifestyle, which may inform future PA promotion strategies.
... In this line, one of the initial steps is to identify the determinants of detrimental lifestyle behaviors to improve, on a later stage, the design of public health strategies. Evidence suggests that maternal educational level, measured as a proxy of the child's socioeconomic status, is related to the child's diet quality, physical activity, and screen time [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Cross-sectional data indicates that children whose mothers have a low educational level are at higher risk of reporting an unhealthy diet, a low level of physical activity, and high level of screen time [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. ...
... Cross-sectional data aid in hypothesis generation and establish an association, but prospective studies are needed to determine whether these associations may change over time. However, prospective data is somewhat limited [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the association of baseline maternal educational level with child's physical activity, screen time and dietary habits at follow-up, in a Spanish cohort. ...
Evidence has identified unhealthy lifestyle behaviors as the main contributors to obesity in children, so it is essential to identify factors that could influence children’s lifestyles. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association of baseline maternal educational level with child’s physical activity, screen time, and dietary habits at follow-up. This community-based cohort study was carried out between 2012 and 2014 and included 1405 children aged 8 to 10 years old. Maternal educational level was used as an indicator of child’s socioeconomic status. Physical activity, screen time, and dietary habits were assessed by validated questionnaires. The odds of having commercially baked goods for breakfast [OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.10)], going more than once a week to a fast-food restaurant [OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.26)], and taking sweets and candys several times a day [OR 3.23 (95% CI 2.14 to 4.87) were significantly higher among children whose mothers had a lower educational level compared to their peers whose mothers had a higher level. These associations held for taking sweets and candy several times a day after additional adjustment for the corresponding dietary behavior at baseline. Maternal educational level was inversely associated (p < 0.001) with child’s screen time at follow up and being in the lowest maternal educational category was associated with an increased odds of surpassing the maximum recommended time of screen time of 120 min per day (OR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.07 to 1.90), p = 0.016). Maternal education is a predictor for unhealthy dietary habits and high screen time in children.
... In our study, students whose fathers' schooling was longer than 9 years experienced greater improvement in their prosocial behavior. Interestingly, previous studies have found that parental education significantly affects children's involvement in more physical activity [44][45][46]. Previous research has also focused on the impact of positive experiences of family intimacy on prosocial behavior. ...
Objective:
This study aims to investigate whether physical activity can promote students' prosocial behavior by analyzing the relationship between sports participation and the prosocial behavior of junior high school students.
Methods:
Based on the 2014-2015 China education panel survey (CEPS), the relationship between regular athletic sports and prosocial behavior was evaluated among eighth-grade students by ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation and propensity score matching (PSM) and the relationship between OLS and PSM was evaluated by Rosenbaum's bounds test for a robustness test; the observations were analyzed for heterogeneity to identify those who benefit more from sports.
Results:
The OLS results showed that sporting behavior increased prosocial behavior scores by 4%, and the PSM results showed that regular physical exercise increased students' prosocial behavior tendencies by over 0.2 standard deviations from the mean prosocial behavior score (standardized). According to the Rosenbaum's bounds test, the estimates were robust and reliable, and the results of the heterogeneity analysis showed that with males and students whose fathers had more than 9 years of education, the students showed more significant improvements in prosocial behavior.
Conclusion:
Physical activity has a significant positive effect on students' prosocial behavior, and gender and the father's education are significantly related to prosocial behavior.
... Supportively, a study by Miljanovic Damjanovic, et al. [7] confirmed this hypothesis. Prospective studies in southeastern Europe additionally confirmed the decline in PAL in adolescents from the first to the second grade of high school (14-15 years of age) [8]; first to the second grade of high school (14-16 years of age) [9]; and third to the fourth grade of high school (16-18 years of age) [10]. Also, age-specific correlates of PAL in younger and older adolescents were observed. ...
... Also, age-specific correlates of PAL in younger and older adolescents were observed. Specifically, positive changes in the PAL of younger adolescents were determined mainly by higher parental education [9], while parental conflict and the rural living environment determined a larger decline in PAL among older adolescents [11]. ...
... The study recorded that the influence of maternal education on PAL in children was more pronounced in older adolescents. A recent study evidenced that younger adolescents (14-16 years of age) with bettereducated mothers and fathers had a higher likelihood of having sufficient PAL in regular circumstances [9]. However, a study on older adolescents (16-18 years of age) evidenced that paternal education was correlated with adolescents' PAL aged 16 years old, but at the age of 17 years, the correlation started to weaken [11]. ...
Background:
Insufficient physical activity levels (PAL) during adolescence is a major public health concern, which is even more pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic due to restricting movement opportunities. This study aimed to identify PAL changes and examine the age-specific determinants of PAL in younger and older adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown.
Material and methods:
This study included 859 high-school students from Bosnia and Herzegovina stratified into 2 age groups: younger (N = 420, 14-16 years of age), and older adolescents (N = 439, 16-18 years of age). Participants were tested over 2 testing waves: before the COVID-19 lockdown (January 2020) and during the COVID-19 lockdown (April 2020). Variables included PAL assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, sports factors, and parental factors.
Results:
The PAL significantly declined as a result of lockdown measures in the total sample (from 2.76±0.79 to 2.50±0.82). Larger absolute and relative decline of PAL was evidenced in younger adolescents. Sport participation positively influenced PAL before lockdown, with no significant influence during the lockdown. Older adolescents whose mothers were better educated were less likely to be in high risk group with regard to a large decline of PAL as a result of COVID lockdown (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.21-0.84).
Conclusions:
Results of the study suggest that parental education influences health-related behaviors and that parental education is a protective factor against a decrease in PAL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main educational agents (i.e., school and parents) should pay more attention to provide children and adolescents adequate information and develop their health literacy, which will hopefully positively impact children's PAL even in challenging situations similar to COVID-19 lockdown. Med Pr. 2021;72(6).
