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Corneal abrasions induced by a mascara wand, observed under blue light following sodium fluorescein instillation.
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Eye cosmetics are frequently applied among female populations of all age groups around the world. However, the migration of cosmetic products across the eyelid margin has been reported, and this is thought to exacerbate tear film instability and symptoms of dry eye. Furthermore, numerous adverse effects and complications have also been reported wit...
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Context 1
... Ocular Demodex mites have a high affinity toward oil-rich environ- ments, such as the meibomian glands, and may also survive in oil-based cosmetic products and applicators. 6 Corneal trauma is a recognized potential complication from the use of mascara applicator wands (Figure 4). 40-42 Eyelid dermatitis and ocular surface irritation can also occur in response to several constituents within eye cosmetic formulations includ- ing fragrances, preservatives, antioxidants, emollients, resins, nickel-containing pigments, and pearlescent additives. ...
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Citations
... Reduced blink rate and horizontal gaze both increase the surface area of the cornea and result in evaporative dry eye. 2 The extent of digital learning's impact on vision depends on the screen time, the body posture adopted, the type of device, the brightness and distance of the screen, and the lighting conditions in the room. 1 Having uncorrected refractive errors, wearing contact lenses (which are associated with an increased risk of dry eye and cause friction on the eye surface area), having a history of eye disease, being a female (due to the use of cosmetic products that cause eye irritation and, as mentioned in Bahkir et al study, the fact that females have a higher incidence of dry eye), and having diabetes or autoimmune diseases increase the risk of developing more severe symptoms of DES. 2,12,19 The extensive use of digital devices in teaching and learning during the pandemic necessitated an evaluation of the disorder's effect on the students. Although symptoms are usually transient, the condition can be severe and interferes with concentration and academic performance. ...
Introduction:
The prolonged use of digital devices is a major risk factor for digital eye strain (DES) syndrome.
Aim:
To estimate the prevalence of DES symptoms among students at Imam Abdulrahman University who use digital devices for virtual learning and leisure activities.
Methods:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted by asking medical students of Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University to complete a self-administered online questionnaire. The questionnaire was used to determine the effect of the hours spent on digital devices and other factors, such as screen distance and not using artificial tears, on the development of DES. The severity (moderate or severe) and frequency (occasionally, always, or never) of 16 eye strain-related symptoms, including eye pain, headache, and itching, were evaluated by using the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire.
Results:
The overall prevalence of DES in the sample was found to be 68.53%. The largest proportion of students were found to have mild DES (43.20%), and only 11% had severe DES. The most common symptoms reported in our sample were headache, dryness, and burning. Female gender, using smartphones for online classes, and not using eye lubricants were significantly associated with increased severity of DES.
Conclusion:
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual learning has become an integral part of education, leading to increased use of digital technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of virtual learning on eye strain and to determine the prevalence and effects of DES. A questionnaire was administered to participants, and the findings revealed a DES prevalence of 68.53%. The use of eye drops for lubrication and smartphones for classes was significantly associated with DES. Furthermore, females were found to be more susceptible to severe DES symptoms than males. The development of a tool such as the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire to predict DES prevalence could reduce clinic time and resources by minimizing unnecessary follow-up and ophthalmology referrals.
... According to the reports, using lead-based cosmetics and herbal treatments may be 130 responsible for the high levels of Pb found in nursing women's breast milk [49]. The use of poor-quality eye makeup and creams to be used around the eyes is linked to posterior blepharitis [50]. Health Canada revealed in 2011 that over 90% of cosmetic items tested positive for both Pb and Be and 100% of all cosmetic products tested positive for Ni [51]. ...
The potential toxicity of heavy metals in cosmetics is becoming a serious threat to human beings day by day. Apart from its economic and beneficial uses, its toxicity issues are parallel in many aspects. Though the increasing production of cosmetics is associated with global needs, its health issues cannot be ignored. Necessary steps are required to control the unnecessary concentrations of heavy metals including lead, cadmium, copper, cobalt, chromium, nickel, zinc, arsenic, manganese, and mercury in branded and non-branded (spurious) cosmetic products. Some heavy metals are deliberately added as ingredients to cosmetic products, while others are found as impurities in raw materials. The concentration of these heavy metals in adulterated cosmetic products is higher than the prescribed limit as set by WHO, and the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), and hence their high dosage in cosmetics is of major concern and cannot be compromised. Considering the toxicity of these metals in cosmetic products, it is important to regularly examine the concentration of heavy metals in cosmetic products to ensure that they are safe for use. Herein, the amount of heavy metals in various branded and non-branded samples available in various markets of different countries have been reviewed systematically. Further, in this study, data on heavy metals in cosmetic products were extracted from studies carried out at intervals 2000-2023. Overall findings indicate that the total concentration of heavy metals in cosmetic products in various markets is detrimental to consumers. Therefore, quality control measures must be imposed to ensure metal concentrations in cosmetic products according to the regulatory limits.
... 4 There can be different variables which can be the risk factors for Computer vision syndrome like prolonged duration of computer use, abnormal seating position and viewing distances and lastly, lack of protective practice. Using digital devices more frequently and for longer times have also been shown to be associated with CVS 5 . The diagnosis of computer vision syndrome is caused by excess usage of these devices which not only a annoyance on the visual system but also lead to musculoskeletal strain and circadian disturbances 6 . ...
Aim: To determine the effect of COVID-19 on eye sight due to increase screen time in undergraduate students of medical school. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: This survey was carried out from October 2022 to December 2022 in Army Medical College Rawalpindi. Questionnaires were filled in person and also online-based platform was used to distribute the e-questionnaire, developed using the Google Form. The participants were asked to share the e-questionnaire with their friends using Facebook and Messenger. Methods: Participants were selected for the study using non-probability consecutive sampling. College students of 20-25 years were included in the study. Sample size was 400 according to a study done internationally. Participants with comorbidities (cataract, glaucoma) were excluded from study. Participants having (trouble concentrating on things such as reading the newspaper, books or watching television) were included in the study. Digital eye strain was calculated using validated computer vision syndrome (CVS-Q) questionnaire to measure the symptoms such as eye fatigue, headache, blurred vision, double vision, itching eyes, dryness, tears, eye redness and pain, excessive blinking, feeling of a foreign body, burning or irritation, difficulty in focusing for near vision, feeling of sight worsening, and sensitivity to light. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi square test. Results A total number of 470 responses were recorded, out of which 257 (54.7%) were males and 213(45.3%) were females. In our study, the most common symptom was headache, affecting 58.1% of the population before COVID 19 which has increased to 83.2% and the P value is less than 0.001.Theother symptoms which also showed P value less than 0.001 were blurred vision while using digital device, irritated or burning eyes, dry eyes and sensitivity to bright light. Conclusion The practical implication of the study is to create awareness among general population about COVID, that eye sight is Bull`s Target to be affected by it and simple preventing measures can be taken. The purpose of this study is to limelight the importance that during COVID 19 lockdown the excessive use of digital devices and their cons on the ocular health among future health care workers. Key words: Eye sight, Undergraduate students, computer vision syndrome, video display terminals
... Of these, 352 participants who provided complete responses to the survey were included in our study analysis. The mean age of the study population was 23 (SD 4.6) years (range [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. In our study, 217 (61.1%) of the participants were females and 135 (38.4%) were males. ...
... The dispersion of make-up products onto the eye surface along with the chemical composition of compounds used in cosmetic preparations leads to the instability of tear film which hastens the process of evaporation predisposing to dry eye diseases. [26] The Osaka study too reported a higher prevalence of dry eye among women (18%) compared to men (8%). [27] They attributed the gender difference in the prevalence of dry eye to normal age-related changes in hormonal secretion. ...
Purpose:
Increased screen time has been a major concern among the students who have adopted the online curriculum amid the pandemic. The study was conducted to shed light on the changing trends of symptoms pertaining to dry eye disease and digital eyestrain due to the online curriculum and its negative implications on the ocular health of students.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of Manipal Academy of Higher Education who are currently following the E-learning curriculum amid the COVID-19 pandemic the participants were surveyed using a pre-validated structured questionnaire.
Results:
The mean age of study participants was 23.33 ± 4.604 years. In total, 97.9% (321/352) of the respondents experienced at least three symptoms associated with the usage of digital devices. 88.1% of the participants were exposed to an average screen time of more than 4 hours per day. An increased number of hours of digital device usage was found to be associated with higher total symptom scores (P = 0.04). The total symptom scores were found to be considerably higher for those with continuous contact with the screen (P = 0.02). Headache (69.9%, n = 246) is the most commonly reported symptom followed by neck pain (65.3%, n = 230), tearing (44.6%, n = 157), eye pain (40.9%, n = 144), and burning sensation (40.1%, n = 141).
Conclusion:
This study highlights a tremendous increase in the prevalence of symptoms related to dry eye and digital eyestrain among students attending online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eye care professionals need to be aware of this emerging public health threat and the appropriate measures for its prevention.
... 21 Penggunaan kosmetik pada mata, dapat menyumbat kelenjar meibomian sehingga menyebabkan ketidakstabilan lapisan lipid pada tear film, mengakibatkan peningkatan evaporasi tear film yang berkontribusi pada kejadian mata kering. 22 Penggunaan kosmetik pada mata juga dapat mencetus jalur inflamasi yang nantinya dapat berkontribusi pada mata merah, gatal, dan kering. 22 ...
... 22 Penggunaan kosmetik pada mata juga dapat mencetus jalur inflamasi yang nantinya dapat berkontribusi pada mata merah, gatal, dan kering. 22 ...
Pandemi COVID-19 berimbas pada peningkatan durasi penggunaan gawai untuk kegiatan pendidikan daring yang berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan mata, salah satunya, Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan durasi penggunaan gawai dengan CVS pada mahasiswa kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. Metode penelitian potong lintang dengan 98 responden (76 perempuan, 22 laki-laki) berusia 17-21 tahun, menggunakan Modified computer vision syndrome questionnaire dan aplikasi pengukur durasi penggunaan gawai. Rerata durasi penggunaan gawai adalah 610 menit per hari. Sebanyak 70% responden menggunakan gawai dengan rerata durasi >8,9 jam per hari. Prevalensi CVS ditemukan sebesar 47,9%, dimana 25,5% responden mengalami CVS derajat ringan dan 22,4% responden mengalami CVS derajat sedang hingga berat. Analisis Bivariat dengan uji Chi-square memperlihatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara durasi penggunaan gawai dengan derajat keparahan CVS (p<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini, terdapat hubungan antara durasi penggunaan gawai dengan derajat keparahan Computer Vision Syndrome pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Unika Atma Jaya Jakarta selama masa pandemi Covid-19.
... Females were more affected than males in several studies, which may be explained by the higher incidence of autoimmune conditions and headache disorders in females predisposing them to dry eyes and visual symptoms [16,17,18]. Besides, cosmetic products can cause tear film instability which might exacerbate the symptoms of dryness and ocular irritation [19]. ...
Purpose: To study the contribution of quarantine with online work and education to exacerbating digital eye strain and causing possible refractive changes. To illustrate the prevalence of mask associated dry eyes and potential increase use of contact lenses.
Methods: This is a questionnaire-based cohort study from Lebanon during the period between July 1 and October 1, 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 10 multiple choice questions in. The included age group was between 5 and 50 years old.
Results: The total number of questionnaires was 100. The mean age was 25.8 years. 73% of patients were involved in online work or education during COVID pandemic and these were divided into subcategories. 83% of the patients reported an increase in screen time during quarantine. Furthermore, 59% declared worsening of their dry eye symptoms, developing dry eyes, had ocular fatigue and/or headache secondary to increased screen time (70% of the participants had an existing chronic dry eyes).
Crosstabulation analysis showed that out of the patients who reported increased in digital eye strain symptoms, 83.1% had online work or education (28.8% had online school classes, 18.6% had online university classes and 35.6% were involved in online work) while 16.9% weren’t involved in any online activity (P=0.011).
Conclusion: Patients who switched to online work and education during COVID-19 pandemic had significantly higher incidence of digital eye strain. No significant change in refraction was noted as compared to patients without online work and education. Mask associated dry eyes was noted in a large number of patients.
... Females were more affected than males in several studies, which may be explained by the higher incidence of autoimmune conditions and headache disorders in females predisposing them to dry eyes and visual symptoms [16,17,18]. Besides, cosmetic products can cause tear film instability which might exacerbate the symptoms of dryness and ocular irritation [19]. ...
Purpose: To study the contribution of quarantine with online work and education to exacerbating digital eye strain and causing
possible refractive changes. To illustrate the prevalence of mask associated dry eyes and potential increase use of contact lenses.
Methods: This is a questionnaire-based cohort study from Lebanon during the period between July 1 and October 1, 2021. The
questionnaire consisted of 10 multiple choice questions in. The included age group was between 5 and 50 years old.
Results: The total number of questionnaires was 100. The mean age was 25.8 years. 73% of patients were involved in online
work or education during COVID pandemic and these were divided into subcategories. 83% of the patients reported an increase
in screen time during quarantine. Furthermore, 59% declared worsening of their dry eye symptoms, developing dry eyes, had
ocular fatigue and/or headache secondary to increased screen time (70% of the participants had an existing chronic dry eyes).
Crosstabulation analysis showed that out of the patients who reported increased in digital eye strain symptoms, 83.1% had online
work or education (28.8% had online school classes, 18.6% had online university classes and 35.6% were involved in online
work) while 16.9% weren’t involved in any online activity (P=0.011).
Conclusion: Patients who switched to online work and education during COVID-19 pandemic had significantly higher incidence
of digital eye strain. No significant change in refraction was noted as compared to patients without online work and education.
Mask associated dry eyes was noted in a large number of patients.
... Los cosméticos de aplicación periocular se usan de forma extensa en todo el mundo [7][8][9][10] . Se aplican generalmente lejos de la superficie ocular, pero algunos requieren aplicación cerca de la línea de pestañas, con riesgo de generar irritación, queratitis, inflamación epitelial corneal, pigmentación epitelial, dermatitis del párpado, blefaritis posterior, pigmentación conjuntival y sintomatología de ojo seco 8,10,11 . ...
... Los cosméticos de aplicación periocular se usan de forma extensa en todo el mundo [7][8][9][10] . Se aplican generalmente lejos de la superficie ocular, pero algunos requieren aplicación cerca de la línea de pestañas, con riesgo de generar irritación, queratitis, inflamación epitelial corneal, pigmentación epitelial, dermatitis del párpado, blefaritis posterior, pigmentación conjuntival y sintomatología de ojo seco 8,10,11 . ...
... Su presentación más difundida actualmente es en un dispensador tubular con cepillo incluido humedecido en agua que puede variar notablemente en forma, longitud y materiales según las necesidades y preferencias del consumidor 1,10 . ...
... The migration of eyeliner applied to the periocular skin or outside the lash line happens at a slower rate, and the tear film contamination is less evident (7,8,29). Additionally, cosmetic materials have the potential to migrate when applied close to or above the eyelash line, and migration might rise significantly with time following the application (30). ...
Introduction: Appropriate management and knowledge are essential while using eye cosmetics as poor hygiene can cause ocular inflammation and disrupt the tear film. This study has investigated the effects of eye cosmetic usage, knowledge on the ingredients, hygiene, and management towards dry eyes symptoms. Methods: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and eye cosmetic questionnaires were distributed using a google form to 165 eligible universities’ students in Malaysia. The demographic data, eye cosmetic usage, hygiene, management, knowledge and dry eye symptoms were recorded and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U- test, with the significant value, which was set at p<0.05. Results: There was no statistically significance of OSDI score between light and regular users using cosmetics products except for the pencil eyeliner, which was statistically significant, p<0.05. Additionally, there was no significant difference of dry eye symptoms (OSDI score) between good and bad management p=0.730 and good and bad hygiene p=0.229 of eye cosmetics usage. Nonetheless, many cosmetic users have adequate knowledge regarding eye cosmetics ingredients. Conclusion: Discomfort is primarily caused by applying eye cosmetics close to the ocular surface, such as pencil eyeliner, which increases dry eyes’ symptoms by contaminating the tear film. Although users had sufficient knowledge of eye cosmetic ingredients, negligence towards reading labels was high. Eye cosmetics should be used with proper hygiene and management due to the proximity of application to the ocular region, as contaminated cosmetics could cause more severe symptoms of ocular discomfort and dry eyes.
... E ye cosmetics are in use since ancient Egyptian times for religious, medicinal, and cosmetic purposes. [1,2] These products have the potential to migrate onto the ocular surface and into the tear film, as seen many times during ophthalmological examinations. [3] Both eyeliner and/or mascara use have been suggested to be a major cause of lipid layer destabilization. ...
Purpose:
This study was conducted to see whether eyeliner, mascara, or combined eyeliner and mascara (EM) use affects tear production, tear film stability, and meibomian gland (MG) loss.
Methods:
Two hundred and twenty healthy women underwent noninvasive tear break-up time (NTBUT) measurement, meibography, and Schirmer testing. Study groups were no makeup (NM) group, eyeliner-only group, mascara-only group, and those who used both EM. The one-way analysis of variance test was used for group comparisons. Chi-square test was used for meiboscale comparison.
Results:
NTBUT (seconds) results were 11.5 ± 4.8 (no makeup), 21.3 ± 69 (eyeliner only), 21.8 ± 6.5 (mascara only), and 22.5 ± 7.0 (eyeliner-mascara). The differences between groups were significant (P < 0.0001). All makeup groups (eyeliner only, mascara only, eyeliner-mascara) had significantly diminished values compared with NM group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Schirmer test (millimeters) results were 22.7 ± 6.4 (NM group), 21.3 ± 6.9 (eyeliner only), 21.8 ± 6.5 (mascara only), and 22.5 ± 7.0 (eyeliner-mascara) with no significant differences between groups (P = 0.66). Meiboscale grading revealed that NM group had significantly lower values of MG loss compared with eyeliner-only (EO) (P = 0.01), mascara-only (MO) (P = 0.002), and eyeliner-mascara groups (P = 0.007). There were no significant differences between EO and MO (P = 0.31), EO and eyeliner-mascara (P = 0.39), or MO and eyeliner-mascara groups (P = 0.91).
Conclusion:
None of the makeup groups had changes in Schirmer wetting. All eye cosmetic groups have significant changes of NTBUT and meibography compared with NM subjects, and yet combined use of EM does not affect ocular surface more adversely than their separate use.
