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Research background: The employment rate of young individuals in the labour market has considerably decreased in developed countries recently. Due to lower labour capital, skills, and generic and job-specific work experience, youth consider finding suitable job challenging. If they fail to succeed in the labour market soon after graduation, it lead...
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... In recent years, the employment situation of young workers has worsened considerably in various countries, which is why several investigations have been dedicated to studying its causes and consequences. In this sense, Papík et al. (2022) analyzed youth unemployment in Slovakia, specifically considering young high school graduates, and found through logistic regression models that GDP per capita, the overall unemployment rate, and state exam results are the main determinants of youth unemployment. According to their results, the macroeconomic situation considerably influences youth unemployment, high global unemployment rates increase youth unemployment, and economic growth decreases it. ...
The aim of this paper is to identify the microeconomic determinants of underemployment and unemployment in Ecuador before and after COVID-19. A multinomial logit model was estimated on the accumulated data from the National Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment Survey (ENEMDU) for 2019 and 2022. The results show that the average worker has a 59% probability of being in an adequate job, 35% of being underemployed and 6% of being unemployed. These probabilities change significantly depending on the worker's education and experience. In addition, significant differences were evident by gender, ethnicity, role in the home, and marital status. These differences increased after COVID-19. Thus, underemployment and unemployment promote labor inequality in Ecuador. Based on the results, the public policy should be aimed at reducing economic and opportunity inequalities because vulnerable groups were identified in the labor market.
... In search of determinants of unemployment, we chose GDP as the regressor. Papik et al. (2022) have demonstrated that GDP per capita is one of the determinants of unemployment. ...
... Moreover, this variable was statistically insignificant in the regression model. Januri et al. (2022) and Papik et al. (2022) confirmed the indirect dependence between GDP and the unemployment rate. This direction of dependence was also confirmed by Bosna (2022), who, however, found a statistically insignificant dependence in her study. ...
Unemployment is a factor that heavily influences the output of each economy. It is, therefore, one of the main concerns of any government worldwide. This study identifies key determinants of unemployment. By constructing an econometric model for the registered unemployment rate in Slovakia, the period from 2013 to 2022 was under scrutiny, while the impact of the COVID crisis was considered in the model through a dummy variable. Potential determinants of unemployment were selected based on theoretical knowledge and other scientific works, that is, average interest rates, gross minimum wage, GDP, inflation, exports, imports, government spending, corruption index, COVID-19 crisis, and month of the year. The final relevant factors for unemployment were tested and validated: interest rates, GDP, inflation, government spending, and exports. These study results may be valuable for the government when designing targeted interventions to optimise the unemployment rate in Slovakia or similar economies by influencing other macroeconomic indicators.
... Oleh sebab itu, untuk meningkatkan sistem pengembangan kompetensi sumber daya manusia saat ini diperlukan penguatan pada investasi pendidikan publik serta meningkatkan pendidikan vokasi dan program pelatihan [14]. Karena, dengan adanya program pendidikan dan pelatihan yang berkualitas mampu menekan angka pengangguran muda [15]. ...
... In Slovakia, ref. [29] investigates the impact of various factors, including GDP per capita, overall unemployment rate, apartment price per square meter, and others, on the unemployment rate of high school graduates. Two logistic regression models were developed to examine the influence of these factors on the unemployment of this kind of workforce. ...
Predictions of the unemployment duration of the economically active population play a crucial assisting role for policymakers and employment agencies in the well-organised allocation of resources (tied to solving problems of the unemployed, whether on the labour supply or demand side) and providing targeted support to jobseekers in their job search. This study aimed to develop an ensemble model that can serve as a reliable tool for predicting unemployment duration among jobseekers in Slovakia. The ensemble model was developed using real data from the database of jobseekers (those registered as unemployed and actively searching for a job through the Local Labour Office, Social Affairs, and Family) using the stacking method, incorporating predictions from three individual models: CART, CHAID, and discriminant analysis. The final meta-model was created using logistic regression and indicates an overall accuracy of the prediction of unemployment duration of almost 78%. This model demonstrated high accuracy and precision in identifying jobseekers at risk of long-term unemployment exceeding 12 months. The presented model, working with real data of a robust nature, represents an operational tool that can be used to check the functionality of the current labour market policy and to solve the problem of long-term unemployed individuals in Slovakia, as well as in the creation of future government measures aimed at solving the problem of unemployment. The measures from the state are financed from budget funds, and by applying the appropriate model, it is possible to arrive at the rationalization of the financing of these measures, or to specifically determine the means intended to solve the problem of long-term unemployment in Slovakia (this, together with the regional disproportion of unemployment, is considered one of the most prominent problems in the labour market in Slovakia). The model also has the potential to be adapted in other economies, taking into account country-specific conditions and variables, which is possible due to the data-mining approach used.
... The most affected were the selfemployed and 'self-employed/independent workers'. The transition from university to permanent employment is long, which worsens employment stability, and the transition is not favourable in terms of employment conditions and professional content (Papík, et al, 2022). For example, almost half of young graduates are in jobs that do not match their qualifications (44.9%), compared to 34.1% of the total workforce. ...
In our study we analyse the risk factors of precarity among young graduates. We aim to explore the characteristics that can turn young graduates towards precarity. The position of young graduates is better on the labor market than that of job seekers with lower qualification. Nevertheless, there are some risk factors that can also affect young graduates, such as the uncertainty on the labor market, and the chance and danger of falling into precarity. In this paper, different interpretations of and approaches to precarity are validated as a theoretical framework, taking into account the main theories dealing with the concept of precarity and with precarity as a class. We focus on young graduates as a group at risk of precarity, and thus also analyse the theories dealing with their situation. Our empirical investigation tests the claims of the main theories. For this purpose, we conduct a secondary analysis of the 2018 database of the Graduate Tracking System based on the responses of 15 102 recent graduates. Studies show that the risk of precariousness in Hungary is mainly shaped by the level of education and the post-graduation job. However, since no similar empirical analysis has been conducted for the country, our study is exploratory in nature, which gives it both its value in terms of novelty and its limitations.
... Kang (2021) analyzed the causes of youth unemployment in OECD countries and EU member states in the 2000-2017 period and found that not only business cycles but also Economies 2023, 11, 40 3 of 17 other factors such as temporary contracts, education, and a lack of dual education affect youth unemployment. Papik et al. (2022) carried out research in Slovakia (he analyzed 464 Slovak high schools from the National Institute for Certified Educational) and found that youth unemployment is closely linked to a country's education system. They found that the state should improve the education system by including a dual learning system and the possibility of part-time work for students. ...
... Therefore, if certain measures were taken, the problem of inactivity or unemployment would be reduced. The results of this research are in line with the results of some other research, e.g., the results of Papoutsaki et al. (2019), who found that young workers in the UK are much more likely to be in a temporary job because they cannot find a permanent one, or the results of Papik et al. (2022), who suggested making it possible for Slovak students to work part-time. We recommend for the Lithuanian government to consider regulations on more flexible working conditions or even for them to give incentives to companies that provide young people with the possibility to work and study. ...
The aim of this paper is to find out the main factors that determine whether young people with secondary education are employed or not in Lithuania. A survey of young people, aged 18–25, was carried out to gather information about individual characteristics and to find out the reasons why they are not employed. The analysis of the collected data was performed using independent samples tests and the calculation of the contingency coefficient. The research showed that young people start work quite young and are willing to enter the labor market. However, they find it difficult to combine work and study. The regression analysis found five significant variables to explain why young people are employed or not, i.e., their job contract, satisfaction with other work conditions, gender, the opportunity to work remotely, and 40 h worked per week. The probit model showed that temporary and full-time jobs reduce the probability of being employed; meanwhile, the opportunity to work remotely and greater satisfaction with other work conditions increases the probability of employment. The probit model also provided evidence that women are more likely to work than men.
... According to this dimension, the survey items show that professors appreciate that the quality of internships results from a series of student actions aimed at applying faculty knowledge in the internship, correlating faculty knowledge with practical aspects of work, and acquiring new knowledge, practical skills, and competencies useful for the future profession, thus increasing their employability. These results are consistent with other studies that show that an internship can improve the employability of students and prepare them for the development of their own careers (To & Lung, 2020;Callanan & Benzing, 2004;Coco, 2000;Odlin et al., 2022;Hora et al., 2019;Teng et al., 2022;Papík et al., 2022;McHugh, 2017), allows students to apply theoretical learning in practice before becoming graduates (Vélez & Giner, 2015;Coco, 2000;Franco et al., 2019) and helps students to acquire knowledge and skills relevant to a future job (Garavan & Murphy, 2001;Chen et al., 2011;Maharani, 2018;Cho, 2006). ...
Since the 1960s, career success has been extensively studied from different angles. This paper aims to identify the main topics of interest covered by the literature throughout time frames defined based on the number of article citations. A Scopus database search was performed in November 2021, gathering 926 articles on career success that were analyzed in VOSviewer. The results show that several concepts were constant over the years, such as mentoring, mobility, income, education, gender, and culture, while other topics of interest were introduced more recently (e.g., career satisfaction, change, personality, networking, the link between the private and professional life, the relationship between objective and subjective career success). An understanding of historical career success research topics contributes to the development of future human resources strategies and policies.
