Table 1 - uploaded by Gerhard Prenner
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The classification of the legume family proposed here addresses the long-known non-monophyly of the traditionally recognised subfamily Caesalpinioideae, by recognising six robustly supported monophyletic subfamilies. This new classification uses as its framework the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of legumes to date, based on plastid matK...
Similar publications
The classification of the legume family proposed here addresses the long-known non-monophyly of the traditionally recognised subfamily Caesalpinioideae, by recognising six robustly supported monophyletic subfamilies. This new classification uses as its framework the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of legumes to date, based on plastid matK...
Citations
... Cassia grandis, Caesalpinia echinata) [17]. The semidry stigma is particularly characteristic of the Papilionoideae subfamily [17], which comprises ~14.000 species [18]. Some of its members are economically and culturally important legume crops such as pea, lentil, chickpea and faba bean. ...
Pollination in angiosperms depends on a complex communication between pollen grains and stigmas, classified as wet or dry, depending on the presence or absence of secretions at the stigma surface, respectively. In species with wet stigma, the cuticle is disrupted and the presence of exudates is indicative of their receptivity. Most stigma studies are focused on few species and families, many of them with self-incompatibility systems. However, there is scarce knowledge about the stigma composition in Fabaceae, the third angiosperm family, whose stigmas have been classified as semidry. Here we report the first transcriptome profiling and DEGs of Vicia faba L. styles and stigmas from autofertile (flowers able to self-fertilize in absence of manipulation whose exudate is released spontaneously) and autosterile (flowers that need to be manipulated to break the cuticle and release the exudates to be receptive) inbred lines. From the 76,269 contigs obtained from the de novo assembly, only 45,1% of the sequences were annotated with at least one GO term. A total of 115,920, 75,489 and 70,801 annotations were assigned to Biological Process (BP), Cellular Component (CC) and Molecular Function (MF) categories, respectively and 5,918 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the autofertile and the autosterile lines. Among the most enriched metabolic pathways in the DEGs subset were those related with aminoacid biosynthesis, terpenoid metabolism or signal transduction. Some DEGs have been related with previous QTLs identified for autofertility traits, and their putative functions are discussed. Results derived from this work provides an important transcriptomic reference for style-stigma processes to aid understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in faba bean fertilization.
... (Doyle and Luckow, 2003). Additionally, this family is a great model for studies on ecology, diversity patterns, and distributions due to its ancient origin, richness, and diversity (LPWG et al., 2017). The codes for building the collection priority maps were written in R and can be accessed from https://gith ub.com/giovaniandrella/PrioritizationCodes. ...
Currently, many regions of the world are under-sampled, which means our knowledge about biodiversity has gaps. Many studies proposed methods to identify areas for new specimen sampling; however, none considered the application of spatial constraints for this prioritization, which does not consider logistical issues. Here, we propose an approach to identify priority areas for new specimen sampling, considering distributional aspects based on species distribution models and kernel density estimation for species occurrences. We also used different species weights (e.g., endemicity degree) and spatial constraints (e.g., proximity to roads or land cover). Our method applies to one or several species since our approach separately considers the interaction between the distribution and density of occurrences of each species. We used the Gran Chaco biome as the study area and Leguminosae as a target species group to exemplify the use of our approach. We verified that Gran Chaco presents low sample coverage. Paraguay and Bolivia should be prioritized for new samples, especially considering the endemicity degree of the species. The Gran Chaco is one of the most extensive formations of dry forests on the planet and one of the regions with the highest levels of deforestation, exposing the urgency of field research in the region. Our approach identifies conserved priority areas for new specimen sampling accessible through roads, with a low density of occurrences and high suitability for different species. Our method will help scientists in the field work, reducing costs and facilitating the planning to prioritize regions for new specimen sampling.
... Fabaceae is the most diverse plant family in the world [11], with a wide distribution of sort, registering 770 genera and 19,500 sort, considered the third largest family of angiosperms in species numbers after Asteraceae and Orchidaceae in the global context [12]. Vachellia nilotica sub sp Indica (Benth) Kyal & Boatwr . ...
Capparis cartilaginea Decne.; Vachellia nilotica subspecies Indica (Benth) Kyal & Boatwr.; Fagonia paulayana J. Wagner & Vierh., are medicinal plants used in traditional Yemen medicine for the treatment a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases. These plants were selected to evaluate their potential antifungal activity. To determine antifungal activity and phytochemicals in the leaves, and total vegetative extracts of three medicinal plants used in traditional Yemeni medicine for the treatment of various disease like rheumatism, piles fever, skin diseases and snake bite. Plant extracts from three species, namely Capparis cartilaginea, Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica, and Fagonia paulayana, were prepared using ethanol and water. The extracts were tested for their antifungal activity against Candida species isolated from vaginal specimens of women. Phytochemical screening was also performed to identify various constituents in the extracts. The antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out following standard guidelines, and Amphotericin B was used as a reference antifungal agent. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of these plant extracts as natural remedies for Candida-related infections. The study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts from Capparis cartilaginea, Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica, and Fagonia paulayna against Candida fungal isolates from vaginal specimens. Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica (Ethanol Extract) showed significant inhibitory effects against Candida species, while Capparis cartilaginea and Fagonia paulayna (both Ethanol Extracts) had limited inhibitory activity. Further research is needed to explore the therapeutic potential of Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica as a natural antifungal agent. Extracts of Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica demonstrate notable inhibitory effects against Candida species isolated from vaginal samples. This research points to the potential for using extracts of the Vachellia nilotica subsp. Indica plant as a natural remedy for Candida-associated infections.
... The genus Erythrophleum is placed in subfamily Caesalpinioideae, where it is broadly related to Bussea Harms, Campsiandra Benth., Dimorphandra Schott, Dinizia Ducke, Jacqueshuberia Ducke, Pachyelasma Harms and Parkinsonia L. (Bruneau et al. 2001;Herendeen et al. 2003;Luckow et al. 2003;Duminil et al. 2013;Lewis et al. 2013;Azani et al. 2017;Koenen et al. 2020). Determining its closest allies is hampered by uneven sampling of both species and genetic markers. ...
The genus Erythrophleum Afzel ex R.Br. is revised for Australia and three species are recognised, all previously included in E. chlorostachys (F.Muell.) Baill. Erythrophleum arenarium R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett is described as a new species to accommodate populations from desert sands of the Great Sandy Desert and Dampier Botanical Districts in north-western Australia, parapatric to the remaining species. Erythrophleum pubescens R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett is described as a new species spanning tropical Australia, and is sympatric with E. chlorostachys sensu stricto in the Northern Territory and adjacent areas of Western Australia and Queensland. Morphological examination has shown these three taxa to be consistently distinct across their respective ranges. Analyses of the nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region recovered three well-supported clades corresponding to the three morphologically defined species, and ITS1 has utility as a marker to separate sterile specimens. Erythrophleum pubescens is widespread in the Australian Monsoon Tropics, from the coast of Western Australia, near Derby, to Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland. Erythrophleum chlorostachys is also widespread, from the eastern Kimberley Region, in Western Australia, to the Gulf of Carpentaria, in northern Queensland. A lectotype is chosen for Laboucheria chlorostachya F.Muell. Full descriptions, illustrations of key features and identification keys are provided for the three Australian species. A summary of the significant utilisation of Erythrophleum species is presented.
... Tylosema esculentum, also known as the marama bean and the gemsbok bean, is a non-nodulated legume from the Fabaceae family and the Cercidoideae subfamily [1,2]. Marama is endemic to the Kalahari Desert and the surrounding arid and semi-arid regions of Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa [3]. ...
Simple Summary
Tylosema esculentum is a potential crop in southern Africa, known for its high nutritional value and ability to thrive in long-term drought conditions. To gain a better understanding of its genetic characteristics, the mitogenomes of 84 individuals from different locations in Namibia and South Africa were assembled and compared using both PacBio and Illumina sequencing data. The study revealed two distinct germplasms with significant differences in the mitogenome structure and sequence. Comparative genomics analysis was conducted to explore heteroplasmy and horizontal transfer in the marama mitogenome, providing valuable insights into cytoplasmic genetic diversity and inheritance. Additionally, evolutionary studies were performed on marama and its related legumes, indicating that the Cercidoideae subfamily tends to possess a more complete set of mitochondrial genes compared to the Faboideae species. The findings made in this study not only contribute to the germplasm selection and future marama breeding but also enhance our understanding of the inheritance and evolution of plant mitogenomes.
Abstract
Tylosema esculentum, commonly known as the marama bean, is an underutilized legume with nutritious seeds, holding potential to enhance food security in southern Africa due to its resilience to prolonged drought and heat. To promote the selection of this agronomically valuable germplasm, this study assembled and compared the mitogenomes of 84 marama individuals, identifying variations in genome structure, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions/deletions (indels), heteroplasmy, and horizontal transfer. Two distinct germplasms were identified, and a novel mitogenome structure consisting of three circular molecules and one long linear chromosome was discovered. The structural variation led to an increased copy number of specific genes, nad5, nad9, rrnS, rrn5, trnC, and trnfM. The two mitogenomes also exhibited differences at 230 loci, with only one notable nonsynonymous substitution in the matR gene. Heteroplasmy was concentrated at certain loci on chromosome LS1 (OK638188). Moreover, the marama mitogenome contained an over 9 kb insertion of cpDNA, originating from chloroplast genomes, but had accumulated mutations and lost gene functionality. The evolutionary and comparative genomics analysis indicated that mitogenome divergence in marama might not be solely constrained by geographical factors. Additionally, marama, as a member from the Cercidoideae subfamily, tends to possess a more complete set of mitochondrial genes than Faboideae legumes.
... This has resulted in the underutilization of many plant species. Legumes are essential food crops that provide high-quality protein and micronutrients that may promote health and livelihoods, particularly in underdeveloped nations [2]. With close to 765 genera and over 19,500 species, the Leguminosae is the third-largest plant family and second in economic importance only to Poaceae [3,4]. ...
... and Duparquetioideae LPWG. [2]. The traditionally recognised subfamily Mimosoideae is recognized as a distinct clade nested within the recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae [11]. ...
Underutilized legumes are common crops in developing countries with superior dietary potentials that could be useful sources of protein as well as some phytoconstituents. They are more tolerant of abiotic environmental conditions like drought than the major legumes. This makes them more adapted to harsh soil and climatic conditions, which helps to minimize the pressure brought on by climate change. However, despite their potential, underutilized legumes have been greatly overlooked compared to the major legumes due to supply constraints. Underutilized legumes in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae are better suited for use as animal feeds with little or no value as food for humans, and the extracts and infusions of the different parts of plant species in this subfamily are traditionally used for the treatment of different diseases. In addition, underutilized legumes in this subfamily contain phytoconstituents that are of pharmacological relevance, some of which have been isolated, characterized and evaluated for use in the treatment of a variety of disorders. Therefore, this review describes the medicinal activities of some selected underutilized legumes from five genera in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae as well as their phytoconstituents, which could be exploited as lead compounds for drug discovery.
... The Fabaceae family, also called legume and Leguminosae, embraces near 765 genera and more than 19,500 species [25]. It comprises the third largest number of species among angiosperms. ...
Background
Long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are ubiquitous and make up the majority of nearly all sequenced plant genomes, whereas their pivotal roles in genome evolution, gene expression regulation as well as their epigenetic regulation are still not well understood, especially in a large number of closely related species.
Results
Here, we analyzed the abundance and dynamic evolution of LTR-RTs in 54 species from an economically and agronomically important family, Fabaceae, and also selected two representative species for further analysis in expression of associated genes, transcriptional activity and DNA methylation patterns of LTR-RTs. Annotation results revealed highly varied proportions of LTR-RTs in these genomes (5.1%~68.4%) and their correlation with genome size was highly positive, and they were significantly contributed to the variance in genome size through species-specific unique amplifications. Almost all of the intact LTR-RTs were inserted into the genomes 4 Mya (million years ago), and more than 50% of them were inserted in the last 0.5 million years, suggesting that recent amplifications of LTR-RTs were an important force driving genome evolution. In addition, expression levels of genes with intronic, promoter, and downstream LTR-RT insertions of Glycine max and Vigna radiata, two agronomically important crops in Fabaceae, showed that the LTR-RTs located in promoter or downstream regions suppressed associated gene expression. However, the LTR-RTs within introns promoted gene expression or had no contribution to gene expression. Additionally, shorter and younger LTR-RTs maintained higher mobility and transpositional potential. Compared with the transcriptionally silent LTR-RTs, the active elements showed significantly lower DNA methylation levels in all three contexts. The distributions of transcriptionally active and silent LTR-RT methylation varied across different lineages due to the position of LTR-RTs located or potentially epigenetic regulation.
Conclusion
Lineage-specific amplification patterns were observed and higher methylation level may repress the activity of LTR-RTs, further influence evolution in Fabaceae species. This study offers valuable clues into the evolution, function, transcriptional activity and epigenetic regulation of LTR-RTs in Fabaceae genomes.
... Fabaceae is among the larger families of flowering plants worldwide. The family is widely distributed, has about 770 genera and 19 500 species, and equally impressively high growth from diversity and morphology (Lewis et al., 2005(Lewis et al., , 2013LPWG, 2013;LPWG, 2017). In Mexico, there have been described 155 genera with 1903 extant species, representing the second largest family of flowering plants in the country (Villaseñor, 2016). ...
... Previously, Fabaceae was divided into three subfamilies, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae (Lewis et al., 2005), but based on matK analysis, currently the family consists of six subfamilies: Caesalpinioideae, Cercidoideae, Detarioideae, Dialioideae, Duparquetioideae, and Papilionoideae. The former subfamily Mimosoideae is a clade within the subfamily Caesalpinioideae (LPWG, 2017). The species of the monophyletic mimosoid clade present distinctive floral characteristics, such as actinomorphic flowers; valvate aestivation in the calyx and corolla; 8-10 stamens in tribe Mimoseae, and more than 10 (until 500 stamens) in tribes Acacieae e Ingeae; and one carpel (Tucker, 2003;LPWG, 2017). ...
... The former subfamily Mimosoideae is a clade within the subfamily Caesalpinioideae (LPWG, 2017). The species of the monophyletic mimosoid clade present distinctive floral characteristics, such as actinomorphic flowers; valvate aestivation in the calyx and corolla; 8-10 stamens in tribe Mimoseae, and more than 10 (until 500 stamens) in tribes Acacieae e Ingeae; and one carpel (Tucker, 2003;LPWG, 2017). Some species are characterized by having glandular anthers (Luckow and Grimes, 1997;de Barros and Teixeira, 2016;Hughes et al., 2022;Luckow and Grimes, 1997), although this characteristic is also present in some species of early-branching papilionoids (Leite et al., 2022). ...
The most important deposits of amber in Mexico come from Chiapas, which is known for its high diversity of biological inclusions as plants, arthropods, and vertebrates. Here we described a new fossil species belonging to Entada genus (Fabaceae), based on several bisexual flowers. Entada simojovelensis Estrada-Ruiz et Go ́mez-Ace- vedo is characterized by actinomorphic bisexual flowers, sessile, perianth differentiated into two whorls; calyx with 5 pubescent sepals; corolla, 5 linear petals basally connate with an acute papillate apex, small trichomes at the base and in the margin of the petals, with narrow linear-lanceolate shape, reticulate venation; 10 stamens, free, anthers with rectangular shape, dorsifixed, in the apical zone of the anthers have one gland with short stipitate; superior gynoecium, subsessile, style tapering to a tubular to punctiform stigma. This new record of Entada represents the first evidence fossil in the Miocene Mexican amber for the genus, further supporting the idea that several genera growing in Mexico today, were present in the area since the Neogene.
... Since the mid-1970s, pea has been developed as a high-quality protein crop in Europe (Snoad 1981), in part to reduce overdependence upon imported soya (de Visser et al. 2014). Pea is a cool-season legume belonging to the Fabeae tribe of the inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) of the Papilionoideae subfamily of legumes (Azani et al. 2017). It was a model organism of choice to study the basic principles of inheritance and independent segregation (Knight 1799;Mendel 1866) and to study plant morphology and physiology (Dostál 1941;Murfet 1977;Smýkal 2014). ...
The afila ( af ) mutation of Pisum sativum L. (pea) is characterised by leaves that are composed of a basal pair of stipules, a petiole and a branched mass of tendrils. These are bipinnate leaves in which the leaflet primordia are replaced by midrib-like, or terminal tendril, primordia. The phenotype was first reported as a spontaneous mutation in 1953, and several reports of spontaneously occurring af mutants and induced mutations have been published since then. Despite its wide-scale introgression to improve standing ability in combine-harvested dry pea crops, the molecular basis of af has remained unknown. Here, we show that the deletion of two tandemly-arrayed Q-type Cys(2)His(2)-zinc finger transcription factors, viz. PsPALM1a and PsPALM1b , is responsible for the af phenotype. Based on molecular evidence for the presence/absence of seven consecutive pea genes, we identified eight haplotypes in the genomic region of chromosome 2 that harbours af . These haplotypes differ in the presence or absence of PsPALM1a-b and close genes and in the size of the deletion. Representative cultivars and spontaneous or induced mutants were assigned to the different haplotypes. The hitherto unrecognised diversity at the af locus reveals highly rich, unexplored, potential for pea improvement and sheds light on the breeding history of pea. This knowledge can also be used to breed innovative cultivars in related crops.
... Ormosia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Fabaceae family, which is one of the largest families of flowering plants. Ormosia species are usually trees or big bushes found in tropical and subtropical regions across the world, primarily in Asia, Africa, and the Americas [1]. Ormosia species are characterized by their pinnate leaves, which consist of several leaflets arranged on either side of a central stem, and their showy, pea-like flowers that range in color from red to yellow. ...
The genus Ormosia comprises approximately 130 species, which are found in tropical regions all over the world. The taxonomy and evolutionary history are still ambiguous due to the lack of a solid phylogeny at the species level. Due to the fast advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology, it is now possible to retrieve the full chloroplast (cp) genome sequence, providing a molecular basis for phylogenetic analysis. Five species of Ormosia were used in this work, and their whole cp genomes were sequenced. One circular, quadripartite-structured molecule, ranging from 169,797 to 173,946 base pairs in length, was present in all five Ormosia species. The cp genomes of the five newly sequenced Ormosia species were further compared with the published cp genomes of O. pinnata. Ten hypervariable regions (Pi > 0.025) were uncovered in the Ormosia chloroplast genomes, among which petN-psbM showed the highest Pi value. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that O. microphylla and O. olivacea clustered with strong support. O. balansae was resolved as a sister to O. pinnata, and they were further found to be sisters to the remaining 13 Ormosia species. The cp genes of O. elliptica showed a close relationship to O. hosiei, and O. semicastrata clustered with O. emarginata. Taken together, the comprehensive analysis of the complete cp genomes of five Ormosia species offers valuable insight and information for reconstructing their phylogeny and sheds light on the evolutionary dynamics of the chloroplast genome in Ormosia.
